Download or read book Gravitational Lensing Strong Weak and Micro written by Peter Schneider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-30 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The observation, in 1919 by A.S. Eddington and collaborators, of the gra- tational de?ection of light by the Sun proved one of the many predictions of Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity: The Sun was the ?rst example of a gravitational lens. In 1936, Albert Einstein published an article in which he suggested - ing stars as gravitational lenses. A year later, Fritz Zwicky pointed out that galaxies would act as lenses much more likely than stars, and also gave a list of possible applications, as a means to determine the dark matter content of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. It was only in 1979 that the ?rst example of an extragalactic gravitational lens was provided by the observation of the distant quasar QSO 0957+0561, by D. Walsh, R.F. Carswell, and R.J. Weymann. A few years later, the ?rst lens showing images in the form of arcs was detected. The theory, observations, and applications of gravitational lensing cons- tute one of the most rapidly growing branches of astrophysics. The gravi- tional de?ection of light generated by mass concentrations along a light path producesmagni?cation,multiplicity,anddistortionofimages,anddelaysp- ton propagation from one line of sight relative to another. The huge amount of scienti?c work produced over the last decade on gravitational lensing has clearly revealed its already substantial and wide impact, and its potential for future astrophysical applications.
Download or read book Introduction to Gravitational Lensing written by Massimo Meneghetti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-10 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the phenomenology of gravitational lensing in an accessible manner and provides a thorough discussion of the related astrophysical applications. It is intended for advanced undergraduates and graduate students who want to start working in this rapidly evolving field. This includes also senior researchers who are interested in ongoing or future surveys and missions such as DES, Euclid, WFIRST, LSST. The reader is guided through many fascinating topics related to gravitational lensing like the structure of our galaxy, the searching for exoplanets, the investigation of dark matter in galaxies and galaxy clusters, and several aspects of cosmology, including dark energy and the cosmic microwave background. The author, who has gained valuable experience as academic teacher, guides the readers towards the comprehension of the theory of gravitational lensing and related observational techniques by using simple codes written in python. This approach, beyond facilitating the understanding of gravitational lensing, is preparatory for learning the python programming language which is gaining large popularity both in academia and in the private sector.
Download or read book Principles of Gravitational Lensing written by Arthur B. Congdon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides an introduction to gravitational lensing, which has become an invaluable tool in modern astrophysics, with applications that range from finding planets orbiting distant stars to understanding how dark matter and dark energy conspired to form the cosmic structures we see today. Principles of Gravitational Lensing begins with Einstein’s prediction that gravity bends light, and shows how that fundamental idea has spawned a rich field of study over the past century. The gravitational deflection of light was first detected by Eddington during a solar eclipse in May 1919, launching Einstein and his theory of relativity into public view. Yet the possibility of using the phenomenon to unlock mysteries of the Universe seemed remote, given the technology of the day. Theoretical work was carried out sporadically over the next six decades, but only with the discovery of the system Q0957+561 in 1979 was gravitational lensing transformed from a curiosity of general relativity into a practical observational tool. This book describes how the three subfields known as strong lensing, weak lensing, and microlensing have grown independently but become increasingly intertwined. Drawing on their research experience, Congdon and Keeton begin with the basic physics of light bending, then present the mathematical foundations of gravitational lensing, building up to current research topics in a clear and systematic way. Relevant background material from physics and mathematics is included, making the book self-contained. The derivations and explanations are supplemented by exercises designed to help students master the theoretical concepts as well as the methods that drive current research. An extensive bibliography guides those wishing to delve more deeply into particular areas of interest. Principles of Gravitational Lensing is ideal for advanced students and seasoned researchers looking to penetrate this thriving subject and even contribute research of their own.
Download or read book Applications of Strong Gravitational Lensing written by H. M. Kaushala T. Bandara and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents a detailed analysis of the galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses discovered by the Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) survey, with the aim of providing new insight into the processes that affect the evolution of galaxies at intermediate and high redshift. First, we present evidence for a relationship between the supermassive black hole mass and the total gravitational mass of the host galaxy, by utilizing the fact that gravitational lensing allows us to accurately measure the inner mass density profile of early-type lens galaxies and their total masses within an aperture. These results confirm that the properties of the bulge component of early-type galaxies and the resulting supermassive black hole are fundamentally regulated by the properties of the dark matter halo. We then utilize the lensing magnification for a detailed study of the photometric properties (luminosity, size and shape) of SLACS background sources and determine the evolution of the disk galaxy luminosity-size relation since z ~ 1. A comparison of the observed SLACS luminosity-size relation to theoretical simulations provides strong evidence for mass-dependent evolution of disk galaxies since z ~ 1. Furthermore, a comparison of the SLACS luminosity-size relation to that of a non-lensing, broad-band imaging survey shows that one can probe a galaxy population that is ~ 2 magnitudes deeper by utilizing the lensing magnification. We continue the detailed study of SLACS background sources by combining the lensing magnification with diffraction-limited integral field spectroscopy to derive two-dimensional kinematic, star formation rate and metallicity distributions of gravitationally lensed galaxies at z> 0.78. Integral field spectroscopic observations of the H? emission line properties of a SLACS source galaxy (SDSS J0252+0039), at z = 0.98, show that the lensing magnification and adaptive optics advantages can be effectively combined to derive spatially resolved kinematics and star formation rates of compact, sub-luminous galaxies. Finally, we summarize the results of this dissertation and discuss how the powerful advantages of strong gravitational lensing can be utilized to address various questions about galaxy evolution through upcoming surveys and new telescope facilities.
Download or read book Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing written by Evencio Mediavilla and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravitational lenses offer the best, and sometimes the only, means of tackling key problems in many fields of astrophysics and cosmology. According to Einstein's theory, the curvature of light-rays increases with mass; gravitational lenses can be used to map the distribution of mass in a Universe in which virtually all matter is dark matter of an unknown nature. Gravitational lensing has significantly improved our knowledge of many astrophysical phenomena, such as exoplanets, galaxies, active galactic nuclei, quasars, clusters, large-scale structure and the Universe itself. All these topics are covered fully in this book, together with two tutorials on lens and microlensing modelling. The future of lensing in relation to large surveys and the anticipated discoveries of thousands more gravitational lenses is also discussed, making this volume an ideal guide for postgraduate students and practising researchers in the use of gravitational lenses as a tool in their investigations.
Download or read book Modern Methods and Their Applications to Strong Gravitational Lensing written by Jacob Maresca and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gravitational Lenses written by P. Schneider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light observed from distant objects is found to be deflected by the gravitational field of massive objects near the line of sight - an effect predicted by Einstein in his first paper setting forth the general theory of relativity, and confirmed by Eddington soon afterwards. If the source of the light is sufficiently distant and bright, and if the intervening object is massive enough and near enough to the line of sight, the gravitational field acts like a lens, focusing the light and producing one or more bright images of the source. This book, by renowned researchers in the field, begins by discussing the basic physics behind gravitational lenses: the optics of curved space-time. It then derives the appropriate equations for predicting the properties of these lenses. In addition, it presents up-to-date observational evidence for gravitational lenses and describes the particular properties of the observed cases. The authors also discuss applications of the results to problems in cosmology.
Download or read book Strong Gravitational Lensing in the Era of Big Data IAU S381 written by Hannah Stacey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During recent decades, strong gravitational lensing has become a powerful tool to study astronomical objects with widely different physical scales. It has also proven to be a promising diagnostic that can solve outstanding problems in cosmology. Now is a critical time for strong lensing research, as forthcoming large surveys (Euclid, Roman Space Telescope, Rubin Observatory and CSST) will map the entire sky and increase the number of known lenses from a few hundred to around 100,000. Concurrently, observations of lenses with current and forthcoming instruments (ALMA, JWST, E-ELT) will spatially resolve scales that are beyond the reach of telescopes for objects in the distant Universe. These new data will revolutionise our understanding of galaxy and structure formation, and offer unprecedented cosmological applications. In IAU Symposium 381, members of observational and theoretical communities review our preparedness for this new era, to discuss advanced statistical techniques, and to foster new collaborations.
Download or read book The Extragalactic Distance Scale written by Space Telescope Science Institute (U.S.). Symposium and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-06-28 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the hottest debates in astronomy and cosmology today concerns the value of the Hubble constant. This constant is of paramount importance since it fixes the size and age of the Universe. At a symposium at the Space Telescope Science Institute, experts from around the world presented the latest results from a plethora of techniques for determining the Hubble constant. The value has always been controversial, but at this meeting experts' results agreed for the first time to within about 20%. Based on the meeting, this book presents twenty-three specially written review articles. They provide a comprehensive account of the Hubble-constant debate with the latest results from gravitational lensing, supernovae and novae, the Tully-Fisher relation, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, globular clusters, planetary nebulae, light echoes, and the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project. This timely volume provides a standard reference for graduate students and researchers in astronomy and cosmology.
Download or read book Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing written by Evencio Mediavilla and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents gravitational lensing as an essential tool in astrophysics for tracking dark matter at all scales in the Universe.
Download or read book Gravitational Lensing And Microlensing written by Silvia Mollerach and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002-01-15 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and self-contained exposition of gravitational lensing phenomena. It presents the up-to-date status of gravitational lensing and microlensing, covering the cosmological applications of the observed lensing by galaxies, clusters and the large scale structures, as well as the microlensing searches in the Local Group and its applications to unveil the nature of the galactic dark matter, the search for planetary objects and the distribution of faint stars in our galaxy.Gravitational Lensing and Microlensing is pitched at the level of the graduate student interested in the issues of astrophysics and cosmology, and should be useful for specialist researchers as well.
Download or read book Gravitational Lenses written by Peter Schneider and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-14 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory, observations, and applications ofgravitational lensingconstitute one ofthe most rapidly growing branches ofextragalactic astrophysics. The deflection of light from very distant sources by intervening masses provides a unique possibility for the investigation of both background sources and lens mass distributions. Gravitational lensing manifestsitselfmost distinctly through multiply imaged QSOs and the formation of highly elongated im ages of distant galaxies ('arcs') and spectacular ring-like images of extra galactic radio sources. But the effects of gravitational light deflection are not limited to these prominent image configurations; more subtle, since not directly observable, consequences of lensing are the, possibly strong, mag nification of sources, which may permit observation of intrinsically fainter, or more distant, sources than would be visible without these natural tele scopes. Such light deflection can also affect the source counts of QSOs and of other compact extragalactic sources, and can lead to flux variability of sources owing to propagation effects. Trying to summarizethe theory and observationalstatus ofgravitational lensing in a monograph turned out to be a bigger problem than any of the authors anticipated when we started this project at the end of 1987, encour aged by Martin Harwit, who originally approached us. The development in the field has been very rapid during the last four years, both through the ory and through observation, and many sections have been rewritten several times, as the previous versions became out of date.
Download or read book Multi wavelength Applications of Gravitational Lensing written by Ross Fadely and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using an array of multi-wavelength data, we examine a variety of astrophysical problems with gravitational lensing. First, we seek to understand the mass distribution of an early-type galaxy with an analysis of the lens Q0957+561. We dissect the lens galaxy into luminous and dark components, and model the environment using results from weak lensing. Combining constraints from newly-discovered lensed images and stellar population models we find the lens has a density profile which is shallower than isothermal, unlike those of typical early-type galaxies. Finally, using the measured time delay between the quasar images we find the Hubble constant to be H_0=79.3^{+6.7}_{-8.5} km s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}. One intriguing application of lensing is to exploit the lens magnification boost to study high-redshift objects in greater detail than otherwise possible. Here, we analyze the mid-infrared properties of two lensed z~2 star-forming galaxies, SDSS J120602.09+514229.5 and SDSS J090122.37+181432.3, using Spitzer/IRS spectra to study their rest-frame ~ 5-12 micron emission. Both systems exhibit strong polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features in the spectra, indicating strong star formation and the absence of significant AGN activity. For SDSS J090122.37+181432.3, this detection belies that inferred from optical measurements, indicating mid-IR spectroscopy provides key information needed to understand the properties of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. While lensing provides measurements of the macroscopic properties of lens systems, it can also shed light on small-scale structure of galaxies. To identify and understand lens substructure, we examine the multi-wavelength properties of flux ratios for six lenses. Variations of the flux ratios with wavelength can be used to study the lensed quasars and the small-scale mass distribution of lens galaxies. We detect strong multi-wavelength variations in the lenses HE 0435-1223 and SDSS 0806+2006. For HE 0435-1223, we study its substructure with a series of lens models which add clumps of mass near the lensed images. We detect the presence of a clump near image A, with a mass of log(M_A(Rein))=7.68^{+0.92}_{-0.85}. We also find support for a second clump, near image B, with mass log(M_B(
Download or read book Gravitational Lensing and Optical Geometry written by Marcus C.Werner and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 2019 saw the centenary of Eddington's eclipse expeditions and the corroboration of Einstein's general relativity by gravitational lensing. To mark the occasion, a Special Issue of Universe has been dedicated to the theoretical aspects of strong gravitational lensing. The articles assembled in this volume contain original research and reviews and apply a variety of mathematical techniques that have been developed to study this effect, both in 3-space and in spacetime. These include: · Mathematical properties of the standard thin lens approximation, in particular caustics; · Optical geometry, the Gauss–Bonnet method and related approaches; · Lensing in the spacetime of general relativity and modified theories; black hole shadows.
Download or read book Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing written by C.S. Kochanek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EDWIN TURNER AND RACHEL WEBSTER Co-Chairs, Scientific Organizing Committee lAU Symposium 173, Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lenses, was held in Melbourne, Australia from July 9-14, 1995. The Symposium was sponsored by lAU Commissions 47 and 40. With the discovery by Walsh and collaborators of the first instance of a gravitational lens, the multiply imaged quasar 0957+561, the area of grav itational lensing moved from speculative theory to a major astrophysical tool. Since that time, there have been regular, approximately biennial in ternational meetings both in Europe and in North America, which have specifically focussed on gravitational lensing. On this occasion, with the blessing of the lA U, the meeting was held at the University of Melbourne in Australia. It was the first international astronomical meeting to be held at the University of Melbourne, and hope fully has given the astronomical community some enthusiasm for trekking half-way round the globe to Australia to discuss their latest work.
Download or read book Impact of Gravitational Lensing on Cosmology IAU S225 written by International Astronomical Union. Symposium and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-05 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Symposium no. 225, held in July 2004 at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), in Lausanne, Switzerland. The meeting focused on the applications of gravitational lensing to cosmological physics, and this book summarizes the most recent theoretical and observational developments. With chapters written by leading scientists in the field, this is a valuable resource for professional astronomers and graduate students in astronomy, physics and astro-particle physics.
Download or read book Formation of Structure in the Universe written by Avishai Dekel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-04-15 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This advanced textbook provides an up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to the very active field of structure formation in cosmology. It is written by eleven world-leading authorities. Written in a clear and pedagogical style appropriate for graduate students in astronomy and physics, this textbook introduces the reader to a wide range of exciting topics in contemporary cosmology: from recent advances in redshift surveys, to the latest models in gravitational lensing and cosmological simulations. The authors are all world-renowned experts both for their research and teaching skills. In the fast-moving field of structure formation, this book provides advanced undergraduate and graduate students with a welcome textbook which unites the latest theory and observations.
