Download or read book Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross Species Extrapolation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-05-24 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of what we know about the health effects of exposure to chemicals from food, drugs, and the environment come from studies of occupational, inadvertent, or accident-related exposures. When there is not enough human data, scientists rely on animal data to assess risk from chemical exposure and make health and safety decisions. However, humans and animals can respond differently to chemicals, including the types of adverse effects experienced and the dosages at which they occur. Scientists in the field of toxicogenomics are using new technologies to study the effects of chemicals. For example, in response to a particular chemical exposure, they can study gene expression ("transcriptomics"), proteins ("proteomics") and metabolites ("metabolomics"), and they can also look at how individual and species differences in the underlying DNA sequence itself can result in different responses to the environment. Based on a workshop held in August 2004, this report explores how toxicogenomics could enhance scientists' ability to make connections between data from experimental animal studies and human health.
Download or read book Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross species Extrapolation written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers strategies for communicating toxicogenomic information to the public and other non-expert audiences, specifically addressing the communication of some key social, ethical, and legal issues related to toxicogenomics and addressing how information related to the social implications of toxicogenomics might be perceived by nonexperts.
Download or read book Genomic Approaches for Cross Species Extrapolation in Toxicology written by William H. Benson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest tools for investigating stress response in organisms, genomic technologies provide great insight into how different organisms respond to environmental conditions. However, their usefulness needs to be tested, verified, and codified. Genomic Approaches for Cross-Species Extrapolation in Toxicology provides a balanced discussion drawn from
Download or read book Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross Species Extrapolation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-04-24 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of what we know about the health effects of exposure to chemicals from food, drugs, and the environment come from studies of occupational, inadvertent, or accident-related exposures. When there is not enough human data, scientists rely on animal data to assess risk from chemical exposure and make health and safety decisions. However, humans and animals can respond differently to chemicals, including the types of adverse effects experienced and the dosages at which they occur. Scientists in the field of toxicogenomics are using new technologies to study the effects of chemicals. For example, in response to a particular chemical exposure, they can study gene expression ("transcriptomics"), proteins ("proteomics") and metabolites ("metabolomics"), and they can also look at how individual and species differences in the underlying DNA sequence itself can result in different responses to the environment. Based on a workshop held in August 2004, this report explores how toxicogenomics could enhance scientists' ability to make connections between data from experimental animal studies and human health.
Download or read book Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-12-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.
Download or read book Improving Cross species Extrapolation of Chemical Sensitivity written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conclude this thesis by explaining the three ways in which cross-species extrapolation methods can be used in the prospective risk assessment for chemicals: i) to support priority setting procedures to narrow down further assessment work, ii) to supplement the use of experimental data in weight-of-evidence approaches, and iii) to replace or completely substitute the need for experimental data. Through this development, our approach can help reduce animal testing and contribute towards a new predictive ecotoxicology framework.
Download or read book Applications of Toxicogenomics in Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment written by Darrell R. Boverhof and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-11 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a timely overview of toxicogenomics, with special emphasis on the practical applications of this technology to the risk assessment process. Introductory sections are followed by a series of chapters highlighting practical and systematic applications of toxicogenomics in informing the risk assessment process – including the areas of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine toxicity, organ-specific toxicity, population monitoring, and ecotoxicology. The book concludes with approaches for the integration of this technology in safety evaluation studies, and an outlook on how toxicogenomics and complementary technologies can reframe the current risk assessment paradigm.
Download or read book Developing of a Quantitative Toxicogenomics based Approach for Water Quality Monitoring and Toxicity Evaluation written by Na Gou and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recognized and unknown risks associated with the ever-increasing number of pollutants in our environment presents a serious threat to us all. This poses a pressing need for a breakthrough in toxicity-assessment technology because the currently available methods are neither feasible nor sufficient to provide the timely information needed for regulatory decision-making and technology development to eliminate these threats. This study developed a novel, feasible and cost-effective quantitative toxicogenomics-based toxicity assessment platform for high-throughput and effective chemical hazardous identification and environmental toxicity monitoring. We systematically optimized the assay platform, evaluated its robustness and performance, validated the assay output and demonstrated its wide applications. Compared with other main stream "omics' technologies, the proposed method greatly improves the feasibility and cost effectiveness as a result of its much simpler, faster, and more reliable assay procedures. Furthermore, it provides multi-dimensional transcriptional level effect information with a temporal dimension and therefore can more accurately reflect the chemical-induced time-dependent cell responses with higher sensitivity and specificity. We demonstrated that information-rich toxicogenomics data are powerful for evaluating toxic effects, understanding toxicity mechanisms, and obtaining pollutant-specific molecular fingerprints for compound /sample classification and identification. One of the main challenges in applying toxicogenomics for environmental monitoring is the lack of a quantitative method to convert the toxicogenomic information into a readily usable and transferable format that can be incorporated into ecological risk assessment and regulatory framework. We proposed a new transcriptional effect level index (TELI) that exhibited a dose-response relationship and allowed for linking the transcriptional level effects to conventional toxicity endpoints. In addition, we pioneered quantitative molecule toxicity modeling within the context of toxicogenomics and paved the road for further mixture toxicity identification and prediction. Cross-species comparison and extrapolation is another key aspect related to predictive and mechanistic toxicity assessment to overcome the limitation of data generation ability. We have compared three different species for variety of compounds and demonstrated the possibility of cross-species extrapolation with stress-response pathway ensemble based toxicity assessment. Finally, we demonstrated successful application of the novel assay for mechanistic CECs toxicity assessment, whole effluent toxicity monitoring and risk-based water treatment technologies efficacy evaluation.
Download or read book Mixture Toxicity written by Cornelis A. M. van Gestel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology an
Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.
Download or read book Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology written by Kunal Roy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CHEMOMETRICS AND CHEMINFORMATICS IN AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY Explore chemometric and cheminformatic techniques and tools in aquatic toxicology Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology delivers an exploration of the existing and emerging problems of contamination of the aquatic environment through various metal and organic pollutants, including industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biocides, nanomaterials, pesticides, surfactants, dyes, and more. The book discusses different chemometric and cheminformatic tools for non-experts and their application to the analysis and modeling of toxicity data of chemicals to various aquatic organisms. You’ll learn about a variety of aquatic toxicity databases and chemometric software tools and webservers as well as practical examples of model development, including illustrations. You’ll also find case studies and literature reports to round out your understanding of the subject. Finally, you’ll learn about tools and protocols including machine learning, data mining, and QSAR and ligand-based chemical design methods. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to chemometric and cheminformatic tools and techniques, including machine learning and data mining An exploration of aquatic toxicity databases, chemometric software tools, and webservers Practical examples and case studies to highlight and illustrate the concepts contained within the book A concise treatment of chemometric and cheminformatic tools and their application to the analysis and modeling of toxicity data Perfect for researchers and students in chemistry and the environmental and pharmaceutical sciences, Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals in the chemical industry and regulators whose work involves chemometrics.
Download or read book Animal Ethics in Animal Research written by Helena Röcklinsberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of animals in research has always been surrounded by ethical controversy. This book provides an overview of the central ethical issues focusing on the interconnectedness of science, law and ethics. It aims to make theoretical ethical reasoning understandable to non-ethicists and provide tools to improve ethical decision making on animal research. It focuses on good scientific practice, the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement), ethical theories applied to specific cases and an overview of regulatory issues. The book is co-authored by experts in animal research, animal welfare, social sciences, law and ethics, and provides both animal researchers and members of animal ethics committees with knowledge that can facilitate their work and communication with stakeholders and the public. The book is written to provide knowledge, not to argue a certain position, and is intended to be used in training that aims to fulfil EU Directive 2010/63/EU.
Download or read book Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis written by Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis: Translational Aspects in Toxicology covers the translational toxicology of xenobiotics substances in carcinogenesis by explaining the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic, toxicogenomic, biotransformation, and resistance mechanisms in the human body. The book begins with a historical review and link to future prospects for chemical carcinogenesis. It discusses major environmental xenobiotics and their risks in inducing cancer, along with content on toxic xenobiotics and their routes of exposure in humans, the role of xenobiotic metabolism in carcinogenesis, and the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic of xenobiotics in cancer development. Lastly, the book explores current achievements such as using toxicogenomics for predicting the carcinogenicity of xenobiotic substances and the challenges posed by carcinogenic xenobiotic substances when examining preventive methods, diagnosis, and the development of anticancer drugs for specific toxicants. - Covers the exposure and transmission of various toxic xenobiotics substances, including nanomaterials, to humans and their interaction with specific tissues in precipitating the development of cancers - Unravels the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic processes of toxic xenobiotics in bioaccumulation - Examines the genetic aberrations in cancer genomes by genetic-environmental interactions in carcinogenesis - Explains the biotransformation mechanisms of toxic xenobiotics by gut microbes in humans
Download or read book Aquatic Ecotoxicology written by Samreen Siddiqui and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Toxicology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-01 with total page 6448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An explosive increase in the knowledge of the effects of chemical and physical agents on biological systems has led to an increased understanding of normal cellular functions and the consequences of their perturbations. The 14-volume Second Edition of Comprehensive Toxicology has been revised and updated to reflect new advances in toxicology research, including content by some of the leading researchers in the field. It remains the premier resource for toxicologists in academia, medicine, and corporations. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition provides a unique organ-systems structure that allows the user to explore the toxic effects of various substances on each human system, aiding in providing diagnoses and proving essential in situations where the toxic substance is unknown but its effects on a system are obvious. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition is the most complete and valuable toxicology work available to researchers today. Contents updated and revised to reflect developments in toxicology research Organized with a unique organ-system approach Features full color throughout Available electronically on sciencedirect.com, as well as in a limited-edition print version
Download or read book Toxicity Testing for Assessment of Environmental Agents written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-05-07 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicity testing in laboratory animals provides much of the information used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assess the hazards and risks associated with exposure to environmental agents that might harm public health or the environment. The data are used to establish maximum acceptable concentrations of environmental agents in drinking water, set permissible limits of exposure of workers, define labeling requirements, establish tolerances for pesticides residues on food, and set other kinds of limits on the basis of risk assessment. Because the number of regulations that require toxicity testing is growing, EPA called for a comprehensive review of established and emerging toxicity-testing methods and strategies. This interim report reviews current toxicity-testing methods and strategies and near-term improvements in toxicity-testing approaches proposed by EPA and others. It identifies several recurring themes and questions in the various reports reviewed. The final report will present a long-range vision and strategic plan to advance the practices of toxicity testing and human health assessment of environmental contaminants.
Download or read book A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development written by Ali S. Faqi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development, Second Edition, is a valuable reference designed to provide a complete understanding of all aspects of nonclinical toxicology in the development of small molecules and biologics. This updated edition has been reorganized and expanded to include important topics such as stem cells in nonclinical toxicology, inhalation and dermal toxicology, pitfalls in drug development, biomarkers in toxicology, and more. Thoroughly updated to reflect the latest scientific advances and with increased coverage of international regulatory guidelines, this second edition is an essential and practical resource for all toxicologists involved in nonclinical testing in industry, academic, and regulatory settings. Provides unique content that is not always covered together in one comprehensive resource, including chapters on stem cells, abuse liability, biomarkers, inhalation toxicology, biostatistics, and more Updated with the latest international guidelines for nonclinical toxicology in both small and large molecules Incorporates practical examples in order to illustrate day-to-day activities and the expectations associated with working in nonclinical toxicology
