Download or read book Application of Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry InSAR in Defining Groundwater withdrawal related Subsidence Diamond Valley Nevada written by Rei Arai and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar InSAR Techniques for Measuring Land Subsidence and Calculated Susidence Rates for the Escalante Valley Utah 1998 to 2006 written by Richard R. Forster and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies have shown the Escalante Valley, Utah, is subsiding due to groundwater withdrawal. The magnitude and spatial pattern of this cm/yr.-scale subsidence is mapped with satellite data from a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) using interferometric SAR (InSAR) processing techniques.

Download or read book Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR SAR Interferometry InSAR for Monitoring of Wetland Water Level and Land Subsidence written by Jin Woo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Development of coastal wetlands and arid areas had negative impacts on the natural hydrological processing on the surface and underground, and it resulted in disappearance of wetlands that buffer severe flooding and function as home for various wildlife in the wetlands, and groundwater depletion in the desert areas. Continuously monitoring the surface change caused by human activities requires radar remote sensing with the in-situ measurements. The intensity and phase components of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data provide valuable information on the characteristics of surface change and ground deformation. First of all, in this study, we demonstrated that the wetland water level changes in the Atchafalaya Basin of the Louisiana can be effectively observed by integrating Interferometric SAR (InSAR) results and radar altimetry data. When the hydrologic flow between wetlands is disrupted by levees or dams, InSAR processing cannot appropriately resolve the absolute water level changes from unwrapped phases. The fusion of the two radar technologies enables one to accurately estimate absolute water level change while avoiding inconsistent phase unwrapping. Secondly, the water level in the Everglades is measured by monitoring stations, and the measurement is often disturbed by abrupt water level rise. The L-band SAR backscatter coefficient in Everglades has the characteristics that SAR intensity is inversely proportional with water level in the freshwater marsh. The linear relationship enables one to estimate water level from SAR backscattering coefficients. The correlation between two parameters over the sawgrass was high, and it implied that water level estimation from the ALOS L-band SAR backscatter coefficients is possible. The final study demonstrated the use of small baseline subset (SBAS) InSAR processing technique to effectively measure the ground subsidence caused by groundwater depletion in Tucson, Arizona. The SBAS processing suppresses atmospheric artifacts affected by turbulent mixing that appears random in time and space and estimates topographic error terms from multiple InSAR pairs. The SBAS InSAR-derived vertical deformation gives information on the spatial extent and magnitude of subsidence. The groundwater level decrease of tens of meter caused the ground subsidence of tens of centimeters over a 17-years time period. InSAR results indicate that the subsidence has recently slowed down possibly due to the artificial recharge of water into surrounding aquifers near Tucson, Arizona.

Download or read book Land Subsidence in Southwest Utah from 1993 to 1996 Measured with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar InSAR written by Richard R. Forster and published by Utah Geological Survey. This book was released on 2006-12 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this 35 page report is to measure land-surface subsidence in southwest Utah using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR).

Download or read book InSAR analysis of ground surface deformation in Cedar Valley Iron County Utah written by Kurt Katzenstein and published by Utah Geological Survey. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 43-page report presents new Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analysis of ground water subsidence in Cedar Valley in Iron County, Utah. This analysis is based on InSAR data from the ERS-1/2 satellites from 1992 to 2000, and the Envisat satellite from 2004 to 2010. A stack of five consecutive interferograms from the 1992-2000 time period and a stack of four consecutive interferograms from the 2004-2010 time period are included in this report; however, decorrelation in the vicinity of the Enoch graben makes an estimate of total deformation impossible using the stacks. In total, surface deformation has impacted approximately 256 km² (100 mi²) in Cedar Valley. Subsidence rates in the vicinity of the Enoch graben increased from approximately 0.5-1.0 cm/yr to roughly 1-2 cm/yr after 1999. Similarly, rates in central Cedar Valley show a general increasing trend after 1999, but rates appear to be more erratic than the other two sites. The spatial distribution of deformation in Cedar Valley correlates well with both the location of observed fissuring as well as the location of both municipal and private groundwater production wells. The fissuring observed near Quichapa Lake, as well as within the Enoch graben, is likely a direct result of groundwater pumping in these areas.

Download or read book Investigation of the Potential of Interfermoetric Synthetic Aperture Radar InSAR to Detect Land Subsidence in SW Utah written by Richard R. Forster and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-initiating CD with 21 page report which evaluates the potential of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to measure land surface change in southwest Utah.

Download or read book Applications and Development of New Algorithms for Displacement Analysis Using InSAR Time Series written by Batuhan Osmanoglu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time series analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) data has become an important scientific tool for monitoring and measuring the displacement of Earth's surface due to a wide range of phenomena, including earthquakes, volcanoes,landslides, changes in ground water levels, and wetlands. Time series analysis is a product of interferometric phase measurements, which become ambiguous when the observed motion is larger than half of the radar wavelength. Thus, phase observations must first be unwrapped in order to obtain physically meaningful results. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI), Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS), Short Baselines Interferometry (SBAS) and Small Temporal Baseline Subset (STBAS)algorithms solve for this ambiguity using a series of spatio-temporal unwrapping algorithms and filters. In this dissertation, I improve upon current phase unwrapping algorithms, and apply the PSI method to study subsidence in Mexico City. PSI was used to obtain unwrapped deformation rates in Mexico City (Chapter 3),where ground water withdrawal in excess of natural recharge causes subsurface, clay-rich sediments to compact. This study is based on 23 satellite SAR scenes acquired between January 2004 and July 2006. Time series analysis of the data reveals a maximum line-of-sight subsidence rate of 300mm/yr at a high enough resolution that individual subsidence rates for large buildings can be determined. Differential motion and related structural damage along an elevated metro rail was evident from the results. Comparison of PSI subsidence rates with data from permanent GPS stations indicate root mean square(RMS) agreement of 6.9 mm/yr, about the level expected based on joint data uncertainty.The Mexico City results suggest negligible recharge, implying continuing degradation and loss of the aquifer in the third largest metropolitan area in the world. Chapters 4 and 5 illustrate the link between time series analysis and three-dimensional (3-D) phase unwrapping. Chapter 4 focuses on the unwrapping path.Unwrapping algorithms can be divided into two groups, path-dependent and path-independent algorithms. Path-dependent algorithms use local unwrapping functions applied pixel-by-pixel to the dataset. In contrast, path-independent algorithms use global optimization methods such as least squares, and return a unique solution. However, when aliasing and noise are present, path-independent algorithms can underestimate the signal in some areas due to global fitting criteria. Path-dependent algorithms do not underestimate the signal, but, as the name implies, the unwrapping path can affect the result. Comparison between existing path algorithms and a newly developed algorithm based on Fisher information theory was conducted. Results indicate that Fisher information theory does indeed produce lower misfit results for most tested cases. Chapter 5 presents a new time series analysis method based on 3-D unwrapping of SAR data using extended Kalman filters. Existing methods for time series generation using InSAR data employ special filters to combine two-dimensional (2-D) spatial unwrapping with one-dimensional (1-D) temporal unwrapping results. The new method,however, combines observations in azimuth, range and time for repeat pass interferometry. Due to the pixel-by-pixel characteristic of the filter, the unwrapping path is selected based on a quality map. This unwrapping algorithm is the first application of extended Kalman filters to the 3-D unwrapping problem. Time series analyses of InSAR data are used in a variety of applications with different characteristics. Consequently, it is difficult to develop a single algorithm that can provide optimal results in all cases, given that different algorithms possess a unique set of strengths and weaknesses. Nonetheless, filter-based unwrapping algorithms such as the one presented in this dissertation have the capability of joining multiple observations into a uniform solution, which is becoming an important feature with continuously growing datasets.

Download or read book The Application of Satellite Radar Interferometry in the Development of a Dynamic Neural Model of Land Subsidence Induced by Overexploitation of Groundwater written by Nazemeh Ashrafianfar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry in the Study of the Nahanni Earthquake Region written by and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (InSAR) is used to monitor ground displacement in the North Nahanni River region and create digital elevation models (DEM's). InSAR has been shown to be a valuable tool for monitoring relative surface displacement due to various crustal movements and for creating accurate DEM's using pairs of SAR images. In this thesis SAR data from Canada's RADARSAT and European Space Agency's ERS-1 satellites were used to create differential interferograms and DEM's. The main objectives of this study included measurement of fault slips caused by a large earthquake(s) with magnitude(s) larger than 6.0. However, there were no large earthquakes during the acquisition of the InSAR data pairs and therefore them was no detectable crustal movements caused by earthquakes. Consequently this study was more focused on the creation of accurate DEM's of the study area from the interferograms. DEM's created from the RADARSAT and ERS-1 images were compared with a DEM providedby Geomatics Canada Centre for Topographic Information and 1:50 000 topographic maps of the Nahanni region. Both two-pass and three-pass differential interferometry was attempted using ERS-1 and RADARSAT imagery. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Download or read book Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data to Improve Estimates of Hydraulic Head in the San Luis Valley Colorado written by Jessica Anne Reeves and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remotely sensed Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) deformation data have recently been used to study confined aquifer systems in urban/arid areas. The deformation measured at the surface by InSAR is a consequence of changes in hydraulic head in the underlying confined aquifer system. Deformation in agricultural areas, such as the San Luis Valley, Colorado, is difficult to measure using InSAR because changes in the height of the vegetation can degrade the measurement by altering the positions of individual radar scatterers. Nonetheless, agricultural areas like the San Luis Valley are of great interest because of the link between the groundwater resources and the local economy. The San Luis Valley is an 8000 km^2 valley, located mostly on the northern side of the Colorado-New Mexico border. The valley has a vibrant agricultural economy that is highly dependent on the effective management of limited water resources. State regulation established that hydraulic head levels within the confined aquifer system should be maintained within the range experienced in the years between 1978 and 2000. Effective management of water resources in the San Luis Valley requires both seasonal changes in hydraulic head as well long term trends during this time period. In this study we had three main goals: 1) to determine if high quality InSAR data can be collected in the San Luis Valley, 2) to determine the uncertainty of the InSAR deformation measurements, and 3) to determine to what extent the InSAR deformation data can be used to improve estimates of hydraulic head in the San Luis Valley. We found that high quality InSAR data could be acquired from the San Luis Valley. Many small areas, left unwatered by the center-pivot irrigation systems, yield high quality InSAR data when processed using Small Baseline Subset analysis. The InSAR deformation measurements showed the same seasonal periodicity as the hydraulic head data from monitoring wells. The next step in our research was to more accurately determine the uncertainty in the InSAR deformation measurements. We developed a novel algorithm that uses supplementary hydrologic data to identify InSAR acquisitions whose measurements may have been corrupted with uncertainty due to atmospheric phase effects. We then proceeded to quantify the uncertainty in the InSAR deformation measurement due to decorrelation of radar signals. In the final chapter of this work we explored ways in which the relationship between InSAR measured deformation and measurements of hydraulic head can be combined to increase the spatial and temporal density of hydraulic head measurements in the confined aquifer system. We found that at three well locations where the changes in hydraulic head were sufficiently large and the aquifer sediments were relatively compressible the InSAR deformation measurements can be reliably used to estimate hydraulic head during times when no well measurements were acquired.

Download or read book The Application of Satellite Radar Interferometry to the Study of Land Subsidence Over Developed Aquifer Systems written by Jörn Hoffmann and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Using InSAR and Hydrostratigraphic simulation to Determine Land Subsidence Due to Ground Water Withdrawal in the Pumpernickel Valley Kelly Creek Basin North Central Nevada written by Edmund Baffoe-Twum and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry in the Study of the Nahanni Earthquake Region written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Long term subsidence monitoring using synthetic aperture radar interferometry written by Krishnavikas Gudipati and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis Comparison and Modeling of Radar Interferometry Date of Surface Deformation Signals Associated with Underground Explosions Mine Collapses and Earthquakes Phase I written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have previously presented simple elastic deformation modeling results for three classes of seismic events of concern in monitoring the CTBT--underground explosions, mine collapses and earthquakes. Those results explored the theoretical detectability of each event type using synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) based on commercially available satellite data. In those studies we identified and compared the characteristics of synthetic interferograms that distinguish each event type, as well the ability of the interferograms to constrain source parameters. These idealized modeling results, together with preliminary analysis of InSAR data for the 1995 mb 5.2 Solvay mine collapse in southwestern Wyoming, suggested that InSAR data used in conjunction with regional seismic monitoring holds great potential for CTBT discrimination and seismic source analysis, as well as providing accurate ground truth parameters for regional calibration events. In this paper we further examine the detectability and ''discriminating'' power of InSAR by presenting results from InSAR data processing, analysis and modeling of the surface deformation signals associated with underground explosions. Specifically, we present results of a detailed study of coseismic and postseismic surface deformation signals associated with underground nuclear and chemical explosion tests at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Several interferograms were formed from raw ERS-1/2 radar data covering different time spans and epochs beginning just prior to the last U.S. nuclear tests in 1992 and ending in 1996. These interferograms have yielded information about the nature and duration of the source processes that produced the surface deformations associated with these events. A critical result of this study is that significant post-event surface deformation associated with underground nuclear explosions detonated at depths in excess of 600 meters can be detected using differential radar interferometry. An immediate implication of this finding is that underground nuclear explosions may not need to be captured coseismically by radar images acquired before and after an event in order to be detectable. This has obvious advantages in CTBT monitoring since suspect seismic events--which usually can be located within a 100 km by 100 km area of an ERS-1/2 satellite frame by established seismic methods-can be imaged after the event has been identified and located by existing regional seismic networks. Key Words: InSAR, SLC images, interferogram, synthetic interferogram, ERS-1/2 frame, phase unwrapping, DEM, coseismic, postseismic, source parameters.

Download or read book Radar Interferometry Measurement of Land Subsidence in El Paso Texas written by Erick Leuro and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents the application of radar interferometry to detect land subsidence associated with water pumping in El Paso, Texas and adjacent areas. Geological and hydrological information are compared with the radar information to validate the results. An error treatment of the measurements is performed using the singular value decomposition technique. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry is a proven remote sensing technique to detect ground deformation in a three-dimensional scale with millimetric precision. It has been applied successfully in earthquake monitoring, volcano deformation, glacier movement and aquifer compaction. El Paso and Ciudad Juarez are located over the Hueco Bolson aquifer, an unconsolidated alluvial aquifer that consists of gravel, sand, silt and clay. Because of increased water pumping since the early 20th century, the water table has changed and subsidence has occurred. Measurements of land subsidence are reported from the 1950s, 1970s, and 1980s. This work considers subsidence in the 1990s

Download or read book The Use of Interferometric Spaceborne Radar and GIS to Measure Ground Subsidence in Peat Soils in Indonesia written by Bashar Dahdal and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has been increasingly used to extract information about the earth"s surface by exploiting the phase difference between two complex radar signals. Some significant application fields that utilize InSAR techniques are digital elevation model (DEM) generation, land use classification and land subsidence. In this thesis, by using ERS-1/2 tandem SAR images pairs, the potential implementations of SAR interferometry in tropical peatland forests in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia are described. Coherence was found to be a good tool for rapid assessment for burned and deforested areas. The coherence of burned forest area was increased by 0.2; whilst the minimum coherence was found to be than 0.35. However, many critical factors affect the quality of InSAR data and limit its applications, such as methods of InSAR data processing. This study emphasizes the impact of different processing and phase unwrapping techniques on DEM accuracy. Analyses of InSAR DEM accuracy indicate that DEMs with relative errors of less than 3 m root mean square error (RMSE) are possible in some regions in the former Mega Rice Project (Ex-MRP) area and could meet many objectives of a global mapping mission. Applying adaptive filtering many times with a decreasing window size has a strong impact to reduce the number of residues, which can increase the phase unwrapping efficiency and the final DEM accuracy. Furthermore, the differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) was examined to see if it can detect peatland subsidence accurately from October 1997 to January 2000 using 4-pass and complex interferogram combination methods. The subsidence rate of 2 cm per year is considered to be the best possible prediction for subsidence in the project area and between 53 and 83 Mt of peat carbon was lost for the same period of the study. The contribution of the maximum subsidence to the emission of CO2 was estimated to be 52 tonnes per hectare per year. These results are not reliable enough for detailed planning purposes, but they provide a basis for further work by highlighting where methodological development is needed.