Download or read book Application of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy SERS to In situ Study of Passive Films on Iron and Steel in Aqueous Solutions written by Jing Gui and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochemical and In situ Surface enhanced Raman Spectroscopic SERS Study of Passive Films Formed on Low carbon Steel in Highly Alkaline Environments written by Mauricio Mancio and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Application of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to the In Situ Study of Passivity and Inhibition written by Lucy Jane Oblonsky and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In situ Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Investigation of the Surface Films on Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 in Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Water written by Feng Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alloy 600 is found to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) primary water environment. In this study, in-situ Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is used to characterize surface films formed on Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 in PWR PW at 320oC. A simulated PWR PW system is constructed. In addition, a titanium autoclave is designed for high-temperature electrochemical tests. In this study, we have also measured SERS spectra of surface films formed on unalloyed nickel, unalloyed chromium, Ni-5Cr-8Fe, Ni-10Cr-8Fe, Ni-10Cr and Ni-20Cr. The surface films were formed at different potentials, from -0.9V to -0.5V vs SHE. A formation of NiO film is observed on the surface of nickel at -0.65V, which shows a Raman peak at 540 cm-1 due to crystal defects. For pure chromium, Cr2O3 passive film is formed on its surface. The Raman peaks are located at 540 cm-1 and 610 cm-1. The thickness of Cr2O3 passive film is about several nanometers, depending on the growth time in PWR PW. A peak at 610 cm-1 would likely indicate Cr2O3 and the absence of this peak, in conjunction with a peak at 540 cm-1, would indicate NiO. It is found that the surface films on Ni-5Cr-8Fe and Ni-10Cr-8Fe alloys are composed of Cr2O3 and FeCr2O4 spinel. No spinel oxide peak is observed in the SERS spectra for Ni-10Cr and Ni-20Cr binary alloys, and the surface film on both alloys is Cr2O3. An analysis of SERS spectra indicate that, as alloy's chromium concentration increases, the amount of Cr2O3 included in the alloy's surface film would increase. The surface film of Alloy 600 is composed of Cr2O3 inner layer (IL) and FeCr2O4 outer layer (OL). For short-time growth (10 min), the inner Cr2O3 layer is about 2 - 4 nm thick, and the average size of FeCr2O4 crystallites is about 10 nm. The actual film thickness depends on the growth time and aqueous environment. The surface film formed on Alloy 600 in PWR PW has a minor change if the sample is removed from the autoclave and exposed to air. The surface film of Alloy 690 is entirely a single layer of Cr2O3 (~ 2 nm thick). According to Diffusion Path Analysis, the difference on surface films formed on Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 is a consequence of a change in the relative diffusivity of O and Cr. Our in-situ SERS spectra measured for surface films on Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 are different with most of other people's findings. Three aspects have been considered and discussed. The first, there might be a difference between in-situ and ex-situ characterization techniques. The second, the film growth time in PWR PW is significantly different. The third, different autoclaves are used. The recirculating titanium autoclave is used in this study, while stainless steel autoclave is used in most of other studies, which might cause a change of the concentration of cations in the vicinity of metal surface and a precipitation of cations on the surface of oxides. It is found that the exposure time and testing autoclave might be responsible for the discrepancies between this study and the earlier studies. By using in-situ Surface Enhance Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), we have investigated the surface oxides formed on Alloy 600, Alloy 690, Ni-Cr, and Ni-Cr-Fe alloys in PWR primary water at 320oC. Our in-situ SERS spectra results suggest that SCC susceptibility of Ni-based alloys might be correlating with a formation of surface films formed in PWR primary water.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Surface Analysis Methods to Environmental Material Interactions written by Donald Ray Baer and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An In situ SERS Investigation of the Passive Film on Stainless Steel at High Temperature in Pressurized Water written by Christopher Shigeki Kumai and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developments in Electrochemistry written by Derek Pletcher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Martin Fleischmann was truly one of the ‘fathers’ of modern electrochemistry having made major contributions to diverse topics within electrochemical science and technology. These include the theory and practice of voltammetry and in situ spectroscopic techniques, instrumentation, electrochemical phase formation, corrosion, electrochemical engineering, electrosynthesis and cold fusion. While intended to honour the memory of Martin Fleischmann, Developments in Electrochemistry is neither a biography nor a history of his contributions. Rather, the book is a series of critical reviews of topics in electrochemical science associated with Martin Fleischmann but remaining important today. The authors are all scientists with outstanding international reputations who have made their own contribution to their topic; most have also worked with Martin Fleischmann and benefitted from his guidance. Each of the 19 chapters within this volume begin with an outline of Martin Fleischmann’s contribution to the topic, followed by examples of research, established applications and prospects for future developments. The book is of interest to both students and experienced workers in universities and industry who are active in developing electrochemical science.
Download or read book Electrochemical and In situ SERS Study of Passive Film Characteristics and Corrosion Performance of 9 Cr Microcomposite Steel in Highly Alkaline Environments written by P. J. M. Monteiro and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The passive films formed on the 9%Cr, 0.1%C, microcomposite steels (ASTM A1035) in highly alkaline environments, such as concrete pore solutions, were studied. In-situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was conducted during cyclic potentiodynamic polarization experiments to characterize the formation and breakdown mechanisms of the passive films formed. A solution of 0.55 M KOH + 0.16 M NaOH, with and without chlorides (0 % and 3.5 % NaCl), was used for the SERS experiments. In addition, the corrosion performance of microcomposite steels as a function of pH (9-13) and ionic strength of the solution (from 10-5 to 10-1 M) was evaluated via polarization resistance (Rp) experiments, and compared to the performance of regular carbon steel. Results show that the passive film formed on the microcomposite steel seems to be characterized mainly by the presence of Cr(OH)3 and minor amounts of Fe species; more specifically Fe3O4 and a Fe(III) phase. The film is considerably more protective than that formed on conventional carbon steel under the same test conditions. Microcomposite steel has not shown a reduction of polarization resistance as a function of pH drop when the ionic strength of the medium was kept constant, in a stark contrast to the behavior verified for the regular carbon steel rebar.
Download or read book SERS Studies of the Galvanostatic Reduction and Growth of the Passive Film on Iron written by Valeska Schroeder and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy SERS Study of Adsorption of Corrosion Inhibitors written by Ashish Agarwal and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extended Abstracts written by Electrochemical Society and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering New Theoretical Approaches Materials and Strategies written by Ivano Alessandri and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An In situ Investigation of the Passive Film on Stainless Steel and Inconel 600 in High Temperature Pressurized Impurity Containing Water written by Todd Samuel Mintz and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering written by Richard Chang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the course of the development of surface science, advances have been identified with the introduction of new diagnostic probes for analytical characterization of the adsorbates and microscopic structure of surfaces and interfaces. Among the most recently de veloped techniques, and one around which a storm of controversy has developed, is what has now been earmarked as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Within this phenomenon, molecules adsorbed onto metal surfaces under certain conditions exhibit an anomalously large interaction cross section for the Raman effect. This makes it possible to observe the detailed vibrational signature of the adsorbate in the ambient phase with an energy resolution much higher than that which is presently available in electron energy loss spectroscopy and when the surface is in contact with a much larger amount of material than that which can be tolerated in infrared absorption experiments. The ability to perform vibrational spectroscopy under these conditions would lead to a new understanding about the chemical identity, geome try, and bonding of adsorbed material at a level previously unacces sible. It is for these reasons that the last few years have brought an explosion of activity surrounding the exploitation of SERS. The search for the origines) of the anomalous enhancement has given rise to a research sub-activity of its own. Efforts to explain the en hancement have led to an increased understanding of the whole range of phenomena associated with the interaction of photons with adsor bates and metal surfaces.
Download or read book The Application of SERS Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering to Study Surface Oxidation Reactions of Phosphonates written by Paul B. Dorain and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface enhanced Raman scattering has developed into an important spectroscopic tool in the identification of adsorbates on silver, copper, or gold under in situ conditions. This paper describes the first use of this technique to study the kinetics of surface enhanced catalyzed chemical reactions. The reaction of NO2 gas with Ag powder is shown to proceed through the formation of AgNO2 which autocatalytically decomposes into AgNO3, NO, and free Ag which forms Ag microstructures. Recent experiments to elucidate the reactions of DMMP at these catalytically active sites show that H2PO4 and HPO4 are formed on the surface at room temperature. The use of dynamically produced active Ag sites as active filters for phosphonates is discussed. Keywords: Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), Phosphonates, Kinetics, Catalysis.
Download or read book Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Cu CMP and in BEOL Cleaning Chemistries written by Siddartha Kondoju and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), in situ detection of barrier to dielectric layer transition is typically done using an optical reflectance technique. The introduction of carbon doped oxides (CDOs) as low-dielectric constant (k) materials for dielectric layers has opened up the possibility of using spectroscopic techniques for detecting such transitions more efficiently. The vibrational frequencies of the bonds between C, H, O, and Si in these low-k materials may be readily detected by spectroscopic techniques such as Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopies. Since CMP is carried out in aqueous media, IR spectroscopy is not very desirable due to strong absorption of water in the same region as C-H vibrations (2800 cm-1 to 3300 cm-1). In contrast, Raman spectroscopy shows minimal water interference and can be used to efficiently monitor the signal from CDO films even in aqueous environments that prevail under CMP conditions. The research reported in this dissertation concerns the use of Raman spectroscopy in detecting the transition from tantalum (Ta) barrier layer to CDO dielectric layer, in-situ. Intensities of Raman peaks characteristic of Si-Si vibrations from silicon substrates and C-H vibrations from low-k materials were used for monitoring CDO thickness and detecting removal of Ta layer. An abrasion cell was integrated with a Raman spectrometer to demonstrate the feasibility of Raman monitoring in-situ. Additionally, an alternative method was investigated for monitoring transitions in highly fluorescent low-k materials where Raman can not be used. The fluorescence intensity was used to effectively monitor Ta to low-k transitions. As a secondary objective, the Raman technique was used to monitor the composition of polishing slurries, which in the case of copper CMP, have a rich chemistry, which may change during the course of polishing due to consumption and decomposition of certain constituents. Various aspects, such as small layer thickness (50μm), continuous flow of the slurry, and dynamics of the film removal process pose a great challenge to the monitoring of slurry components between the pad and the wafer. The slurry constituents such as oxidants and corrosion inhibitors have unique signatures that can be detected using spectroscopic techniques. In this study Raman spectroscopy was used to detect and quantify chemical species such as hydroxylamine, benzotriazole and hydrogen peroxide in-situ. A more detailed study pertaining to the protonation of hydroxylamine with respect to the pH was also performed. Finally, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was also investigated to improve the detection of pyridine and benzotriazole at low concentrations (100ppm).
Download or read book Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy written by Sebastian Schlücker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering everything from the basic theoretical and practical knowledge to new exciting developments in the field with a focus on analytical and life science applications, this monograph shows how to apply surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for solving real world problems. From the contents: * Theory and practice of SERS * Analytical applications * SERS combined with other analytical techniques * Biophysical applications * Life science applications including various microscopies Aimed at analytical, surface and medicinal chemists, spectroscopists, biophysicists and materials scientists. Includes a Foreword by the renowned Raman spectroscopist Professor Wolfgang Kiefer, the former Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy.
