Download or read book Application of Liquid liquid Extraction for the Separation of Zirconium from Hafnium written by Raymond A. Foos and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Separation of Hafnium and Zirconium by Liquid liquid Extraction written by Howard Carl Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Progress Report on the Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Means of Liquid liquid Extraction Using Alkyl Amines written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of preliminary tests showed that it is possible to separate zirconium and hafnium in sulphate solution using high molecular weight liquid amines. Tertiary amines are considered to be the most promising extractants because of their high capacities. A separation factor of the order of 10 was obtained from an aqueous solution containing 10 g/l zirconium oxide and 0.2 g/l hafnium oxide at a pH value of 0.5 units using tertiary amines. 0.2 M organic solutions of tertiary amines have a capacity of approximately 6 g/l zirconium oxide. Alamine 336 has been selected for more detailed study. Substantially, complete separation of zirconium and hafnium was obtained in a five stage countercurrent experiment using alamine 336. Hafnium was not detected by spectrographic means in the organic phase of the final stage. The results of preliminary tests with fluoride solutions were inconclusive, revealing a lack of fundamental knowledge of the chemistry of zirconium and hafnium fluoride complexes in solution. However, these tests are to be repeated with modifications. The extraction isotherm of zirconium in sulphate solution extracted by tri-iso-octylamine was shown to correspond to the theory developed by Dr PJ Lloyd. A general theory of separation using liquid amines was developed and tests designed to prove its applicability are in progress.

Download or read book The Adsorption Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium written by Robert S. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Process for Zirconium and Hafnium Separation written by P. Brun and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The separation of hafnium and zirconium, required for nuclear use of zirconium, is generally performed by liquid-liquid extraction in organic solvents. The paper describes a new process based on extractive distillation of zirconium chloride (ZrCl4) and hafnium chloride (HfCl4) in a solvent made of molten potassium chloride-aluminum chloride (KCl-AlCl3) mixture above 350°C at atmospheric pressure. The corresponding process is now in full-scale industrial production.

Download or read book A Countercurrent Liquid liquid Extractor written by Harley A. Wilhelm and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel countercurrent liquid-liquid extractor is presented and illustrated with applications. The apparatus consists essentially of an assembly of mixer-settlers, feeders, reservoirs, and flow lines that are made of glass or other chemical resistant materials. The applicability of the extractor is illustrated by extractions involving zirconium and hafnium, and niobium and tantalum.

Download or read book The Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium by Extraction with Thenoyltrifluoroacetone written by E. H. Huffman and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Extraction of Zirconium from Nigerian High hafnium Concentrate written by Sherman L. May and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Extraction and Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium Using Octanol written by John Kabangu Mpinga and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) metals have drawn considerable attention due to their various applications, especially in the nuclear industry where zirconium is used as a cladding material for nuclear reactors due its low neutron-capture cross-section and strong resistance to corrosion, whereas hafnium is used as an excellent control rod material for reactors due to its high neutron-absorption capacity. The efficiency of the reactor depends directly on the concentration of hafnium in zirconium. The zirconium should contain a very low concentration of hafnium, not exceeding 100 ppm, for use in the nuclear industry. Due to the fact that zirconium and hafnium occur within the same mineral, there is great interest in separating them in order to produce zirconium and hafnium oxide which can be used in the production of zirconium and hafnium metals appropriate for use in the nuclear industry. Hence, the separation and purification of these elements is of great importance. Solvent extraction techniques are employed to separate and purify these elements on an industrial scale. However, the separation of zirconium and hafnium is a difficult task as both elements exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. The main objective of this investigation was therefore to evaluate the potential of octanol as an alternative extractant to the conventional extractants methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) due to the problems associated with the latter two extractants. The effect of the different parameters affecting the extraction and separation of these two elements (Zr and Hf) were studied in terms of the initial feed concentration, contact time, extractants, loading capacity, temperature, diluents and stripping agents. It was determined from the results obtained that the different parameters investigated all have important effects on the extraction and separation of zirconium from hafnium. The results indicate that zirconium ions were preferentially extracted over hafnium with undiluted 1-octanol and 2-octanol in 10 % hydrochloric acid and 1.5 M potassium fluoride as feed concentration at a ratio of 1:2. The McCabe-Thiele diagram indicates that four equilibrium stages are required for almost complete extraction of zirconium from the aqueous solution. Sulfuric acid was found to be the most desirable agent for stripping zirconium from the loaded organic solution. A mixture of oxalic acid and nitric acid was considered to be a good stripping agent for hafnium as it could lead to good separation of hafnium from the remaining zirconium. Zirconium and hafnium were neutralized using 25 % ammonium hydroxide solution. After filtration and calcination, the products obtained were characterised using XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. A packed column was also used to compare the effectiveness of the extraction and separation of zirconium from hafnium. It was observed that in order to achieve the optimum mass transfer, greater column height is required.

Download or read book Purification of Zirconyl Sulfate by Solvent Extraction written by David J. MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Zirconium hafnium Separation written by William A. Stickney and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Metallurgy of Hafnium written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Division of Reactor Development and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Zirconium and Hafnium written by Anil K. Mukherji and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Chemistry of Zirconium and Hafnium compiles literature on the characterization and analysis of zirconium and hafnium. Various methods in studying the properties of the featured elements are presented in this book. This book also discusses the aqueous solutions of zirconium and hafnium. It then explains the methods such as dissolution of ores and alloys, detection and identification, and gravimetric determinations. This text further examines the titrimetric, electrometric, and absorptiometric methods, as well as methods of separations using ion-exchange and using solvent extraction, along with separation of hafnium from zirconium. The latter part of this text presents methods such as spectrographic analyses, X-ray analyses, and neutron activation analysis and separation of tracers. This book will come in handy for chemists and chemistry students, as well as for others interested in studying zirconium and hafnium.

Download or read book The Metallurgy of Hafnium written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solvent Extraction written by Shripad Moreshwar Khopkar and published by New Age International. This book was released on 2007 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Separation of Zirconium and Hafnium Via Solvent Extraction written by Derik Jacobus Van der Westhuizen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synergistic Extraction Studies on Zr iv and Hf iv Using Diketonate written by Janardhan Reddy Koduru and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zirconium and hafnium are two of the most important nuclear materials. The use of zircaloy in the construction of fuel elements and other structural components in reactor cores meets many physical and technological requirements. Zirconium metal should contain less than 100 ppm hafnium for use in nuclear reactors. It is well known, zirconium and hafnium have very similar chemical properties and are commonly referred to as "chemical isotopes." In recent years, the problem of separation of zirconium and hafnium has acquired significant importance. The main objective of the present investigation is to design and develop new liquid-liquid extraction systems based on novel heterocyclic -diketonates in the presence and absence of various neutral organophosphorus extractants or macrocyclic crown ethers, with a view to improve both the extraction efficiency and selectivity between Zr(IV) and Hf(IV). The secondary objective of the present study is to generate knowledge base, especially, to understand the interactions of neutral organophosphorus extractants or crown ethers with heterocyclic -diketonate complexes of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) to achieve better selectivity.