Download or read book Application of InSAR to the Detection of Surface Deformation in the Geothermal Fields of Imperial Valley California written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Surface Deformation in Imperial Valley Study from Satellite Radar Interferometry written by Mariana Eneva and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book InSAR analysis of ground surface deformation in Cedar Valley Iron County Utah written by Kurt Katzenstein and published by Utah Geological Survey. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 43-page report presents new Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analysis of ground water subsidence in Cedar Valley in Iron County, Utah. This analysis is based on InSAR data from the ERS-1/2 satellites from 1992 to 2000, and the Envisat satellite from 2004 to 2010. A stack of five consecutive interferograms from the 1992-2000 time period and a stack of four consecutive interferograms from the 2004-2010 time period are included in this report; however, decorrelation in the vicinity of the Enoch graben makes an estimate of total deformation impossible using the stacks. In total, surface deformation has impacted approximately 256 km² (100 mi²) in Cedar Valley. Subsidence rates in the vicinity of the Enoch graben increased from approximately 0.5-1.0 cm/yr to roughly 1-2 cm/yr after 1999. Similarly, rates in central Cedar Valley show a general increasing trend after 1999, but rates appear to be more erratic than the other two sites. The spatial distribution of deformation in Cedar Valley correlates well with both the location of observed fissuring as well as the location of both municipal and private groundwater production wells. The fissuring observed near Quichapa Lake, as well as within the Enoch graben, is likely a direct result of groundwater pumping in these areas.

Download or read book Analyzing Surface Deformation Using INSAR and Other Remote Sensing Data in the Olkaria Geothermal Field and Surrounding Area Kenya written by F. Agustin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry Analysis of Ground Deformation Within the Coso Geothermal Site California written by Erik Vaughn Brawner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth's surface movement may cause as a potential hazard to infrastructure and people. Associated earthquake hazards pose a potential side effect of geothermal activity. Modern remote sensing techniques known as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) can measure surface change with a high degree of precision to mm scale movements. Previous work has identified a deformation anomaly within the Coso Geothermal site in eastern California. Surface changes have not been analyzed since the 1990s, allowing a decade of geothermal production impact to occur since previously assessed. In this study, InSAR data was acquired and analyzed between the years 2005 and 2010. Acquired by the ENVISAT satellite from both ascending and descending modes. This provides an independent dataset from previous work. Incorporating data generated from a new sensor covering a more modern temporal study period. Analysis of this time period revealed a subsidence anomaly in correlation with the extents of the geothermal production area under current operation. Maximum subsidence rates in the region reached approximately 3.8 cm/yr. A similar rate assessed from previous work throughout the 1990s. The correlation of subsidence patterns suggests a linear source of deformation from measurements spanning multiple decades. Regions of subsidence branch out from the main anomaly to the North-Northeast and to the South where additional significant peaks of subsidence occurring. The extents of the deformation anomaly directly correlate with the dispersal of geothermal production well site locations. Depressurization within the geothermal system provides a leading cause to surface subsidence from excessive extraction of hydrothermal fluids. As a result of minimal reinjection of production fluids.

Download or read book Statistical Theory for the Detection of Persistent Scatterers in InSAR Imagery written by Stacey Amy Huang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a powerful remote sensing technique for observing subtle deformation of the Earth's surface over time through multiple observations of the same ground area. Because radar backscatter depends on wavelength-scale properties of surfaces, traditional InSAR methods can fail over naturally changing terrain. The persistent scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) technique is one important extension for time-series analysis which identifies and utilizes only the most reliable points in InSAR images for analysis. PS-InSAR has been successfully applied to detect mm-level deformation associated with natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides. To date, however, the implementation of PS-InSAR has not been fully optimized, which can limit its utility in challenging mixed-terrain regions.Here, we identify and address two issues in current PS-InSAR implementation. First, much previous understanding of the relationship between PS density, image resolution, and terrain type has been rather qualitative. Deeper knowledge of PS statistics and their relation to image resolution and terrain is necessary if we wish to design ecient systems for future satellite missions, as well as designing more e↵ective PS detection schemes. Second, PS-InSAR techniques have largely relied on statistical frameworks that do not accurately describe the backscattered energy. PS detection theory to date has largely been based on Gaussian-derived models, which have been shown to be inffective in describing returns from high-resolution SAR imagery. This suggests that PS detection theory operates on suboptimal procedures, and improved detector design could enable high-sensitivity deformation mapping even over traditionally challenging terrain.The work in this thesis is presented in three major parts. First, we analyze PS density for di↵erent terrain types and image resolution and present a model for predicting the change in PS density, which adheres to empirical results within 50% error and closer for points that form the desired network for PS. We find that the increase in PS density is proportional to increased bandwidth due to a higher pixel density in finer resolution images. Second, we characterize the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the backscatter from both PS and non-PS (clutter). We find that contrary to the models that are applied in current PS detection models, PDFs of both PS and clutter are highly non-Gaussian, even over a variety of bandwidths and wavelengths. Finally, we demonstrate a novel PS detector based on applying a non-Gaussian extension to an existing PS detector, and we present simulations to select the threshold of the detector in a more rigorous fashion than in previous work. We show results of applying the improved detector over two regions with di↵erent terrain: 1) urban and lava flow terrain in Hawaii, and 2) a small city and agricultural fields in California's Central Valley. In both areas, the non-Gaussian detector finds many more PS than in the existing detector, which leads to a more complete map of deformation. Further, we find that the retrieved deformation time-series is consistent with that measured with three other methods: the existing Gaussian detector, the small baseline subset (SBAS) InSAR method, and GPS.

Download or read book Surface Deformation Mapping and Automatic Feature Detection Over the Permian Basin Using InSAR written by Scott Staniewicz and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Permian Basin has become the United States' largest producer of oil and gas over the past decade. During the same time, it has experienced a sharp rise in the number of induced earthquakes. In order to better understand the damage potential from induced earthquakes, new data and monitoring approaches are critically needed. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a remote sensing technique that measures surface deformation over broad areas with 10s-100s meter spatial resolution and up to millimeter-to-centimeter accuracy. These measurements can be used to derive information about Earth’s subsurface and assess induced seismic risks. However, it is difficult to perform basin-scale surface deformation mapping and automatic feature detection using InSAR because the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the deformation signals compared to tropospheric noise is extremely low. It is common to assume that the Permian Basin is rigid enough that the subtle deformation associated with oil and gas production and wastewater injection are not detectable by InSAR. In this dissertation, we develop methods for characterizing tropospheric noise and its power spectral density directly from InSAR observations. We show that the tropospheric noise distribution is non-Gaussian, and a small portion of SAR scenes are corrupted by up to ±15 cm noise outliers associated with storms and heat waves. This finding is significant because most of the InSAR time series solutions are optimal only when noise follows a Gaussian distribution. We design robust and scalable time series algorithms to reconstruct the temporal evolution of surface deformation in this challenging scenario, and we achieved basin-wide millimeter-level accuracy based on independent GPS validation. We observe numerous subsidence and uplift features near active production and disposal wells, as well as linear deformation patterns associated with fault activities near clusters of induced earthquakes. Furthermore, we designed a new computer vision algorithm for detecting the size and location of unknown deformation features in large volumes of InSAR data. We are able to determine whether a detected feature is associated with tropospheric artifacts or real deformation signals based on a realistic tropospheric noise model derived from InSAR data

Download or read book Characterizing the Deformation Field in Afar from Radar Interferometry and Topography Data written by Simran Singh Sangha and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project's objective is to map surface deformation over the Afar Depression since 1997 in real time to characterize fault behavior and contribute to the current repertoire of knowledge surrounding rifting processes. The Afar Depression is a broad extensional region in Eastern Africa, where the diverging boundaries have not yet achieved connection, so extension is distributed across developing arrays of faults and fractures. There has been generally limited attention from previous studies on the amount of divergence accommodated by distributed extension resulting from the transmission of tectonic forces applied to boundaries, in tangent with limited geodetic coverage and observations. To understand the mechanical processes underlying rift evolution, the current strain rate of the crust and its character over time throughout the Afar Depression must be understood in relation with the distribution of Quaternary faulting and rifting. To study the present-day deformation field, we use the technique of Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) - a method to measure ground deformation in map - with a dense archive of SAR data from two satellite missions: the Canadian Space Agency's (CSA) C-band RADARSAT-1 and the European Space Agency's (ESA) C-band Sentinel-1 missions. The mm/year resolution of InSAR time series measurements allows us to detect and monitor deformation throughout the Afar Depression in between events as large and fast as significant earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and also as small and slow as small dike intrusions over multiple decades. Using this data, we have modelled multiple discrete faulting events which were not captured before in the geodetic nor seismological record. Finally, to constrain the long-term extension rate and the distribution of extension across the Arabia-Somalian plate boundary, we compiled a detailed estimate of cumulative extension and vertical throw by measuring faults across the plate boundary using a high-resolution German Aerospace Center (DLR) TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Model (DEM).

Download or read book InSAR Observed Ground Subsidence and Yielding Near Buckman Well Field New Mexico written by Davis Robert Thomsen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book InSAR Crustal Deformation Monitoring Modeling and Error Analysis written by Yu Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-11 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Use of InSar Technologies for Countrywide Monitoring of Ground Deformation in Qatar and Identification of Controlling Factors written by Mustafa Kemal Emil and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, the country of Qatar has been one of the fastest growing economies in the Middle East; it has witnessed a rapid increase in its population, growth of its urban centers, and development of its natural resources. These anthropogenic activities compounded with natural forcings (e.g., climate change) will most likely introduce environmental effects that should be assessed. This study investigates one of these effects, namely, ground deformation over the entire country of Qatar. The Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) InSAR time series analysis methods were used in conjunction with ALOS Palsar-1 and Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) datasets to map the ground deformation. Controlling factors of the ground deformation was investigated by conducting spatial and temporal correlations between the observed deformation with relevant datasets. The findings indicate: (1) the deformation products revealed areas of subsidence and uplift with high vertical velocities of up to 35 mm/yr; (2) the deformation rates were consistent with those extracted from the continuously operating reference GPS stations of Qatar; (3) many inland and coastal sabkhas (salt flats) showed evidence for uplift (up to 35 mm/yr) due to the continuous evaporation of the saline waters within the sabkhas and the deposition of the evaporites in the surficial and near-surficial sabkha sediments; (4) the increased precipitation during Sentinel- 1 period compared to the ALOS Palsar-1 period led to a rise in groundwater levels and an increase in the areas occupied by surface water within the sabkhas, which in turn increased the rate of deposition of the evaporitic sediments; (5) high subsidence rates (up to 14 mm/yr) were detected over landfills and dumpsites, caused by mechanical compaction and biochemical processes; (6) the deformation rates over areas surrounding known sinkhole locations were low (+/−2 mm/yr), and (7) building-scale subsidence in several locations in Doha city was detected by a continuously operating ground deformation monitoring system using Sentinel-1 data and applying the PSI method. This study can pave the way to similar countrywide studies over the remaining Arabian Peninsula countries and to the development of a ground motion monitoring system for the entire Arabian Peninsula.

Download or read book Seismic Refraction Investigation of the Salton Sea Geothermal Area Imperial Valley California written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seven seismic refraction profiles and four long-distance refraction shots have been used to investigate the Salton Sea geothermal area. From these data, two models of the geothermal and adjacent area are proposed. Model 1 proposes a basement high within the geothermal area trending parallel to the axis of the Imperial Valley. Model 2 assumes a horizontal basement in the E-W direction, and proposes a seismic velocity gradient that increases the apparent basement velocity from east to west approximately 15% within the geothermal area. Both models propose basement dip of 3 degrees to the south, yielding a thickness of sediments of 6.6 km near Brawley, California, in the center of the Imperial Valley. Based on offsets inferred in the sedimentary seismic layers of the geothermal area, two NW-SE trending fault zones are proposed.

Download or read book Persistent Scatterer Interferometry to Monitor Mining Related Ground Surface Deformation for Data driven Modelling written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Small Deformation Detected from InSAR Time Series and Their Applications in Geophysics written by Wenliang Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: InSAR has been proved to be useful for detecting large scale small surface motion from space. For a series of environmental phenomenon and their associated geomechanical processes, new insights are obtained from spatio-temporal information provided by InSAR. However, for some applications, how to get reliable deformation signal, how to use these information, and how to build the mechanical models remain some questions. For ice mass loss estimation problem, it is easy to build a linear inverse model from observed deformation. Unfortunately, this model is highly under-determined, which means the places far from the ice margin are usually poorly constrained while the places close to the ice margin are underestimated. For present-day hydraulic fracturing problem, only the upper crust is sensitive to the load change. But the existing global 1-D earth models usually have a coarse resolution in crust. Moreover, these models are typically from seismic wave velocities representing the dynamic moduli instead of the static moduli required for the hydraulic fracturing modeling. For geological carbon sequestration study, there was one successful attempt based on InSAR in the desert in 2008 and almost no new result comes out after that. The main problem is that most carbon sequestration projects are located in rural areas where less stable reflection targets can be found. In this dissertation I will try to answer the questions listed above. I will discuss two different methods solving the under-determined linear inverse problem for ice mass loss estimation in chapter 2 and 3. For the second question, I will discuss two different test sites and their crustal elasticity in chapter 4 and 5. In chapter 6 I will discuss the development of a time-series analysis method for retrieving small surface deformation at carbon sequestration injection sites in north America.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Numerical Reservoir Simulation written by D.W. Peaceman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-04-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of numerical reservoir simulation with high-speed electronic computers has gained wide acceptance throughout the petroleum industry for making engineering studies of a wide variety of oil and gas reservoirs throughout the world. These reservoir simulators have been designed for use by reservoir engineers who possess little or no background in the numerical mathematics upon which they are based. In spite of the efforts to improve numerical methods to make reservoir simulators as reliable, efficient, and automatic as possible, the user of a simulator is faced with a myriad of decisions that have nothing to do with the problem to be solved. This book combines a review of some basic reservoir mechanics with the derivation of the differential equations that reservoir simulators are designed to solve.

Download or read book Urban Deformation Monitoring using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry and SAR tomography written by Michele Crosetto and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-06-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on remote sensing for urban deformation monitoring. In particular, it highlights how deformation monitoring in urban areas can be carried out using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Tomography (TomoSAR). Several contributions show the capabilities of Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and PSI techniques for urban deformation monitoring. Some of them show the advantages of TomoSAR in un-mixing multiple scatterers for urban mapping and monitoring. This book is dedicated to the technical and scientific community interested in urban applications. It is useful for choosing the appropriate technique and gaining an assessment of the expected performance. The book will also be useful to researchers, as it provides information on the state-of-the-art and new trends in this field

Download or read book A Framework for Comparing Geomechanical Models of InSAR measured Surface Deformation written by Neil Edward James De Laplante and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-quality Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) surface deformation data for field sites around the world has become widely available over the past decade. Geomechanical models based on InSAR data occur frequently in the literature but few methods of systematically optimizing or comparing them are presented. This work discusses parameterization errors for simplified models of strike-slip, normal, thrust and reservoir-style faulting with the aim of identifying tests or characteristics that can differentiate between error types uniquely. Fault dip errors, slip errors and depth errors are modelled using a simple homogeneous elastic half-space earth model. Simple difference maps prove to be a powerful tool for identifying error types and parameter sensitivity, with gradient maps and gradient difference maps useful for distinguishing between similar cases. The fault dip proves to be more indicative of error resolving capability than the faulting regime; errors on intermediately dipping faults are very difficult to differentiate. More detailed modelling of compound errors, complex geomechanical properties and noisy data is proposed. The use of the tests as the starting point for an artificially intelligent modelling package is briefly discussed.