Download or read book Application of Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy to Liquid Samples written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three main strategies in the application of CRDS to liquids have been investigated. In the direct liquid approach, an enclosed cavity is entirely filled with liquid for the purpose of quantifying low concentrations of solutes in a bulk solution and monitoring reactions in solution. A picomolar detection limit for a strongly absorbing solute in acetonitrile has been demonstrated, and interesting kinetic behavior has been observed at low concentrations. In the Brewster's angle flow cell implementation, a specially designed sample cell is placed within an optical cavity and used to detect low concentration species in small volume aqueous samples either statically or in a flow. It has been successfully coupled to liquid chromatography and promises to surpass commercial UV-Vis detectors in sensitivity. In evanescent wave CRDS, a prism is placed within the optical cavity such that light undergoes total internal reflection within the prism, and the resulting evanescent wave is employed to probe optical absorption at the glass-water interface. This technique has been used to investigate cation adsorption to the interface and may have applications as an ultrasensitive detector of anionic surfactants.
Download or read book Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy written by Giel Berden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications provides a practical overview of this valuable analytical tool, explaining the fundamental concepts and experimental methods, and illustrating important applications. Designed as both an introductory text and a reference source, this book is relevant for scientists unfamiliar with CRDS who are interested in using the technique in their research, as well as experienced users.
Download or read book Cavity Ring down Spectroscopy of Liquid Samples Using Standard Cuvettes at Normal Incidence written by Bryan James Culbertson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cavity ring-down (CRD) spectroscopy has emerged as a sensitive analytical technique. In this method, a laser pulse is injected through one of two highly-reflective mirrors which form a stable optical cavity and the rate that the light leaves the cavity is monitored by a detector placed behind the second mirror. In this research a CRD spectrometer has been designed and constructed. The light exiting the cavity is collected via a fiber optic cable which is then directed toward a photo multiplier tube (PMT) detector. The signal is digitized and averaged by an oscilloscope and the data are transferred by an IEEE 488 interface to a personal computer where the data are analyzed. Instrument command and data acquisition are controlled by a Visual Basic computer program. A short review of several attempts to measure liquid samples using CRD spectroscopy is presented; most discuss the necessity for the incorporation of Brewster's angle at the liquid interface. This study integrates a 1 cm standard quartz cuvette at normal incidence. It was determined that there are significant losses from scattering and reflection; however, these losses were not so large as to negate the efficacy of the technique. The hypothesis tested here is that the light "lost" as reflections are collected by the cavity mirrors and redirected back into the cavity. Rhodamine 6G was used as the primary model absorber in these studies. Absorbance measurements were extracted from the measured ring-down times and a detection limit was obtained. Four cavity lengths were constructed to determine the effect on the scattering losses with varying cavity lengths. The calculated detection limit for the CRD spectrometer used in this study was found to be in the range of 4-5 nM. It was found that the detection limit of the CRD spectrometer was 36 times lower than that of the commercial instrument. Aligning the cavity mirrors at longer cavity lengths proved to be more difficult; however, there were no significant additional losses observed by incorporating longer cavities.
Download or read book Cavity Ring down Spectroscopy of Liquid Samples Using Standard Cuvettes at Normal Incidence written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cavity ring-down (CRD) spectroscopy has emerged as a sensitive analytical technique. In this method, a laser pulse is injected through one of two highly-reflective mirrors which form a stable optical cavity and the rate that the light leaves the cavity is monitored by a detector placed behind the second mirror. In this research a CRD spectrometer has been designed and constructed. The light exiting the cavity is collected via a fiber optic cable which is then directed toward a photo multiplier tube (PMT) detector. The signal is digitized and averaged by an oscilloscope and the data are transferred by an IEEE 488 interface to a personal computer where the data are analyzed. Instrument command and data acquisition are controlled by a Visual Basic computer program. A short review of several attempts to measure liquid samples using CRD spectroscopy is presented; most discuss the necessity for the incorporation of Brewster's angle at the liquid interface. This study integrates a 1 cm standard quartz cuvette at normal incidence. It was determined that there are significant losses from scattering and reflection; however, these losses were not so large as to negate the efficacy of the technique. The hypothesis tested here is that the light "lost" as reflections are collected by the cavity mirrors and redirected back into the cavity. Rhodamine 6G was used as the primary model absorber in these studies. Absorbance measurements were extracted from the measured ring-down times and a detection limit was obtained. Four cavity lengths were constructed to determine the effect on the scattering losses with varying cavity lengths. The calculated detection limit for the CRD spectrometer used in this study was found to be in the range of 4-5 nM. It was found that the detection limit of the CRD spectrometer was 36 times lower than that of the commercial instrument. Aligning the cavity mirrors at longer cavity lengths proved to be more difficult; however, there were no significant additional losses observed by incorporating longer cavities.
Download or read book Miniaturization and Application of Direct liquid Cavity Ring down Spectroscopy written by Elena S. F. Berman and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Small Volume Liquid Samples Using Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopies written by Cathy M. Rushworth and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid phase Cavity Ring down Spectroscopy and Its Application as a Chromatographic Detector written by Kate L. Bechtel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Application of Cavity Ring down Spectroscopy to Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry written by James McChesney Hargrove and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cavity ringdown Spectroscopy written by Kenneth W. Busch and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cavity-ringdown spectroscopy is an emerging method for making high sensitivity absorption measurements with gas-phase samples. This volume, the first devoted to the method, covers the history, theory, and numerous applications. Written by leaders in the field, it is a comprehensive guide to current methods and ongoing research.
Download or read book Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing written by Gianluca Gagliardi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reviews the dramatic recent advances in the use of optical resonators for high sensitivity and high resolution molecular spectroscopy as well as for chemical, mechanical and physical sensing. It encompasses a variety of cavities including those made of two or more mirrors, optical fiber loops, fiber gratings and spherical cavities. The book focuses on novel techniques and their applications. Each chapter is written by an expert and/or pioneer in the field. These experts also provide the theoretical background in optics and molecular physics where needed. Examples of recent breakthroughs include the use of frequency combs (Nobel prize 2005) for cavity enhanced sensing and spectroscopy, the use of novel cavity materials and geometries, the development of optical heterodyne detection techniques combined to active frequency-locking schemes. These methods allow the use and interrogation of optical resonators with a variety of coherent light sources for trace gas detection and sensing of strain, temperature and pressure.
Download or read book Laser Spectroscopy for Sensing written by Matthieu Baudelet and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-15 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser spectroscopy is a valuable tool for sensing and chemical analysis. Developments in lasers, detectors and mathematical analytical tools have led to improvements in the sensitivity and selectivity of spectroscopic techniques and extended their fields of application. Laser Spectroscopy for Sensing examines these advances and how laser spectroscopy can be used in a diverse range of industrial, medical, and environmental applications. Part one reviews basic concepts of atomic and molecular processes and presents the fundamentals of laser technology for controlling the spectral and temporal aspects of laser excitation. In addition, it explains the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of the measurements, the construction of databases, and the automation of data analysis by machine learning. Part two explores laser spectroscopy techniques, including cavity-based absorption spectroscopy and the use of photo-acoustic spectroscopy to acquire absorption spectra of gases and condensed media. These chapters discuss imaging methods using laser-induced fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopies before focusing on light detection and ranging, photothermal spectroscopy and terahertz spectroscopy. Part three covers a variety of applications of these techniques, particularly the detection of chemical, biological, and explosive threats, as well as their use in medicine and forensic science. Finally, the book examines spectroscopic analysis of industrial materials and their applications in nuclear research and industry. The text provides readers with a broad overview of the techniques and applications of laser spectroscopy for sensing. It is of great interest to laser scientists and engineers, as well as professionals using lasers for medical applications, environmental applications, military applications, and material processing. Presents the fundamentals of laser technology for controlling the spectral and temporal aspects of laser excitation Explores laser spectroscopy techniques, including cavity-based absorption spectroscopy and the use of photo-acoustic spectroscopy to acquire absorption spectra of gases and condensed media Considers spectroscopic analysis of industrial materials and their applications in nuclear research and industry
Download or read book Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation written by Josep M. Bayona and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 2998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation is a complete treatment of the theory and methodology of sampling in all physical phases and the theory of sample preparation for all major extraction techniques. It is the perfect starting point for researchers and students to design and implement their experiments and support those experiments with quality-reviewed background information. In its four volumes, fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation are reinforced through broad and detailed sections dealing with Biological and Medical, Environmental and Forensic, and Food and Beverage applications. The contributions are organized to reflect the way in which analytical chemists approach a problem. It is intended for a broad audience of analytical chemists, both educators and practitioners of the art and can assist in the preparation of courses as well in the selection of sampling and sample preparation techniques to address the challenges at hand. Above all, it is designed to be helpful in learning more about these topics, as well as to encourage an interest in sampling and sample preparation by outlining the present practice of the technology and by indicating research opportunities. Sampling and Sample preparation is a large and well-defined field in Analytical Chemistry, relevant for many application areas such as medicine, environmental science, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and food science. This work covers all these aspects and will be extremely useful to researchers and students, who can use it as a starting point to design and implement their experiments and for quality-reviewed background information There are limited resources that Educators can use to effectively teach the fundamental aspects of modern sample preparation technology. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation addresses this need, but focuses on the common principles of new developments in extraction technologies rather than the differences between techniques thus facilitating a more thorough understanding Provides a complete overview of the field. Not only will help to save time, it will also help to make correct assessments and avoid costly mistakes in sampling in the process Sample and sample preparation are integral parts of the analytical process but are often less considered and sometimes even completely disregarded in the available literature. To fill this gap, leading scientists have contributed 130 chapters, organized in 4 volumes, covering all modern aspects of sampling and liquid, solid phase and membrane extractions, as well as the challenges associated with different types of matrices in relevant application areas
Download or read book Chiroptical Spectroscopy written by Prasad L. Polavarapu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details chiroptical spectroscopic methods: electronic circular dichroism (ECD), optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), and vibrational Raman optical activity (VROA). For each technique, the text presents experimental methods for measurements and theoretical methods for analyzing the experimental data. It also includes a set of experiments that can be adopted for undergraduate teaching laboratories. Each chapter is written in an easy-to-follow format for novice readers, with necessary theoretical formalism in appendices for advanced readers.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics written by Gordon W. F. Drake and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-09 with total page 1436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprises a comprehensive reference source that unifies the entire fields of atomic molecular and optical (AMO) physics, assembling the principal ideas, techniques and results of the field. 92 chapters written by about 120 authors present the principal ideas, techniques and results of the field, together with a guide to the primary research literature (carefully edited to ensure a uniform coverage and style, with extensive cross-references). Along with a summary of key ideas, techniques, and results, many chapters offer diagrams of apparatus, graphs, and tables of data. From atomic spectroscopy to applications in comets, one finds contributions from over 100 authors, all leaders in their respective disciplines. Substantially updated and expanded since the original 1996 edition, it now contains several entirely new chapters covering current areas of great research interest that barely existed in 1996, such as Bose-Einstein condensation, quantum information, and cosmological variations of the fundamental constants. A fully-searchable CD- ROM version of the contents accompanies the handbook.
Download or read book Cyclic Hydrocarbons Advances in Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclic Hydrocarbons—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Cyclic Hydrocarbons in a concise format. The editors have built Cyclic Hydrocarbons—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Cyclic Hydrocarbons in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Cyclic Hydrocarbons—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Chemical Sensors written by Ghenadii Korotcenkov and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2011-07-15 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical sensors are integral to the automation of myriad industrial processes, as well as everyday monitoring of such activities as public safety, engine performance, medical therapeutics, and many more. This massive reference work will cover all major categories of chemical sensor materials and devices, and their general functional usage...from monitoring and analyzing gases, to analyzing liquids and compounds of all kinds. This is THE reference work on sensors used for chemical detection and analysis. In this fifth volume will be found comprehensive coverage on electrochemical gas sensors, zirconia-based solid electrolyte based gas sensors, electrochemical sensors for liquid environments, micro-fluidic chip platforms, optical- and fiber-optical sensor technologies, and new developments in chemoluminescence chemical sensors.
Download or read book Optics in Our Time written by Mohammad D. Al-Amri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light and light based technologies have played an important role in transforming our lives via scientific contributions spanned over thousands of years. In this book we present a vast collection of articles on various aspects of light and its applications in the contemporary world at a popular or semi-popular level. These articles are written by the world authorities in their respective fields. This is therefore a rare volume where the world experts have come together to present the developments in this most important field of science in an almost pedagogical manner. This volume covers five aspects related to light. The first presents two articles, one on the history of the nature of light, and the other on the scientific achievements of Ibn-Haitham (Alhazen), who is broadly considered the father of modern optics. These are then followed by an article on ultrafast phenomena and the invisible world. The third part includes papers on specific sources of light, the discoveries of which have revolutionized optical technologies in our lifetime. They discuss the nature and the characteristics of lasers, Solid-state lighting based on the Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, and finally modern electron optics and its relationship to the Muslim golden age in science. The book’s fourth part discusses various applications of optics and light in today's world, including biophotonics, art, optical communication, nanotechnology, the eye as an optical instrument, remote sensing, and optics in medicine. In turn, the last part focuses on quantum optics, a modern field that grew out of the interaction of light and matter. Topics addressed include atom optics, slow, stored and stationary light, optical tests of the foundation of physics, quantum mechanical properties of light fields carrying orbital angular momentum, quantum communication, and Wave-Particle dualism in action.
