Download or read book Application of Advanced Fuel Concepts for Use in Innovative Pressurized Water Reactors written by Nathan Christopher Andrews and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work addresses several specific knowledge gaps that exist in the use of alternative fuel and cladding combinations in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) environment. In the switch from a UO2 with zirconium-based cladding to any other combination, there is a multitude of questions that need to be answered. This work examines three of these knowledge gaps: (1) the disposition of weapons-grade plutonium in thorium and silicon carbide cladding, (2) economics of accident tolerant fuel (ATF) claddings and (3) breeding of plutonium in uranium nitride fuel. Burning weapons-grade plutonium in a standard pressurized water reactor (PWR) using thoria as a fuel matrix has been compared to using urania. Two cladding options were considered: a 0.76 mm thick silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite (SiC CMC) and 0.57 mm thick standard Zircaloy cladding. A large benefit was found in using thoria compared to urania in terms of plutonium percentage and mass burned. A slightly smaller mass of plutonium is required in a core with SiC CMC cladding, due to its lower neutron absorption compared to Zircaloy. The thorium system was also better from a non-proliferation viewpoint, resulting in less fissile mass at discharge and more fissile mass burned over an assembly's lifetime. A limited safety comparison was made for two reactivity insertion accidents: (1) highest worth rod ejection accident (REA) and (2) main steam line break (MSLB). The MSLB accident demonstrated a safe value for the minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio. The maximum enthalpy added to the fuel during the REA was also below current regulatory limits for PWRs. This indicates that the more negative moderator temperature coefficients of thoria-plutonia and urania-plutonia fuel, compared to a typical PWR design, were not limiting. For an ATF cladding to replace zirconium alloys, it must be economically viable by having similar fuel cycle costs to today's materials. Four proposed materials are examined: stainless steel (SS), FeCrAl alloy, molybdenum (Mo) and SiC CMC, each having its own development time and costs. The chosen cladding thicknesses were dependent on strength and manufacturing constraints. It was found that all options may end up requiring higher enrichment than zirconium-based claddings for the same fuel cycle length. If the present value of avoiding a reactor accident with a large radioactivity release is estimated using past experience for LWR large accidents and if it is assumed that ATF cladding is able to prevent such release, there is a definite net economic benefit relative to typical Zircaloy cladding only in using SiC, since it only results in a small fuel cycle cost increase. There is only a marginal benefit in using SiC to prevent a core-only loss without radioactivity release (TMI-type) accident and a large loss using metallic ATF concepts. The thermal hydraulic and neutronic feasibility of a nitride fueled pressurized water reactor (PWR) breeder design were examined. Because of its higher fuel density, nitride fuel would be preferable to traditional oxide fuel in attempting to achieve breeding in a PWR. The design chosen uses large hexagonal assemblies with 14 inner seed pin rows and 4 outer blanket pin rows. In this design, reactor grade plutonium of 12.75 wtHM was used as fuel. Nitride was also simulated as being 100% N-15, to limit neutronic penalties and C-14 production. The as specified assembly model only achieved a fissile inventory ratio (FIR) value above 1.0 when the thimble regions were assumed to be voided, which lowers the H/HM ratio in the assembly. This led to FIR values above 1.0 for the oxide, 85% theoretical density nitride (N85) and 95% theoretical density nitride (N95). All were at an FIR of 1.03 at 35 MWd/kgHM. However, the single batch discharge burnup of the voided assembly in MWd/kgHM was 32.2 for N95, 24.5 for N85, while only 15.6 for the oxide.
Download or read book Accident Tolerant Materials for Light Water Reactor Fuels written by Raul B. Rebak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accident Tolerant Materials for Light Water Reactor Fuels provides a description of what an accident tolerant fuel is and the benefits and detriments of each concept. The book begins with an introduction to nuclear power as a renewable energy source and the current materials being utilized in light water reactors. It then moves on to discuss the recent advancements being made in accident tolerant fuels, reviewing the specific materials, their fabrication and implementation, environmental resistance, irradiation behavior, and licensing requirements. The book concludes with a look to the future of new power generation technologies. It is written for scientists and engineers working in the nuclear power industry and is the first comprehensive work on this topic. Introduces the fundamental description of accident tolerant fuel, including fabrication and implementation Describes both the benefits and detriments of the various Accident Tolerant Fuel concepts Includes information on the process of materials selection with a discussion of how and why specific materials were chosen, as well as why others failed
Download or read book Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor Study written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Division of Reactor Development and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Terms for Describing Advanced Nuclear Power Plants written by IAEA and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terms for describing advanced nuclear power plants (NPPs) need to conform to the broad, general, common understanding by the public as well as by the technical community. This publication is a revision of IAEA-TECDOC-936 incorporating developments and initiatives since 1997 in the areas of advanced, evolutionary, and innovative nuclear reactor designs, description of design development phases, inclusive of relevant safety and regulatory terminology, consistent with current IAEA safety standards and glossaries. The objective of this publication is to provide Member States with up-to-date terms for describing advanced NPPs, to draw distinctions between design phases reflecting the maturities of designs, and to clarify definitions of commonly used terms in describing advanced NPPs.
Download or read book Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor for Improved Resource Utilization written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is an interim report under ACDA BOA AC9NX707, Task Order 80-03, which covers the evaluation of certain potential improvements in pressurized water reactor designs intended to enhance uranium fuel utilization. The objective of these evaluations is to seek advanced, non-retrofittable improvements that could possibly be commercialized by the end of the century, and, on the basis of a preliminary evaluation, to select compatible improvements for incorporation into a composite advanced pressurized water reactor concept. The principal areas of investigation include reduced parasitic absorption of neutrons (Task 1), reduced neutron leakage (Task 2), and alternative fuel design concepts (Task 3). To the extent possible, the advanced concept developed in an earlier study (Retrofittable Modifications to Pressurized Water Reactors for Improved Resource Utilization, SSA-128, October 1980) is used as a basis in developing the advanced composite concept. The reference design considered typical of present PWR commercial practice is the system described in RESAR-414, Reference Safety Analysis Report, Westinghouse Nuclear Energy Systems, October 1976.
Download or read book Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications written by Robert Odette and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-performance alloys that can withstand operation in hazardous nuclear environments are critical to presentday in-service reactor support and maintenance and are foundational for reactor concepts of the future. With commercial nuclear energy vendors and operators facing the retirement of staff during the coming decades, much of the scholarly knowledge of nuclear materials pursuant to appropriate, impactful, and safe usage is at risk. Led by the multi-award winning editorial team of G. Robert Odette (UCSB) and Steven J. Zinkle (UTK/ORNL) and with contributions from leaders of each alloy discipline, Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications aids the next generation of researchers and industry staff developing and maintaining steels, nickel-base alloys, zirconium alloys, and other structural alloys in nuclear energy applications. This authoritative reference is a critical acquisition for institutions and individuals seeking state-of-the-art knowledge aided by the editors’ unique personal insight from decades of frontline research, engineering and management. Focuses on in-service irradiation, thermal, mechanical, and chemical performance capabilities. Covers the use of steels and other structural alloys in current fission technology, leading edge Generation-IV fission reactors, and future fusion power reactors. Provides a critical and comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art experimental knowledge base of reactor materials, for applications ranging from engineering safety and lifetime assessments to supporting the development of advanced computational models.
Download or read book Pressurized Water Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Fuel Concepts and Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite their more stringent plasma heating and confinement requirements, advanced fuel (AF) fusion cycles potentially offer improved environmental compatibility and lower costs. This comes about by elimination of tritium breeding requirements and by a reduction in neutron flux (hence, activation and radiation damage). Also a larger energy fraction carried by charged particles makes direct energy conversion more suitable. As a first application, a symbiotic system of semi-catalyzed-deuterium fueled hybrid fuel factories, supplying both fissle fuel to light water reactors and 3He to D-3He satellite fusion reactors, is proposed. Subsequently, an evolution into a system of synfuel factories with satellite D-3He reactors is envisioned.
Download or read book Nuclear Power written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction of nuclear power plants in the United States is stopping, as regulators, reactor manufacturers, and operators sort out a host of technical and institutional problems. This volume summarizes the status of nuclear power, analyzes the obstacles to resumption of construction of nuclear plants, and describes and evaluates the technological alternatives for safer, more economical reactors. Topics covered include: Institutional issues-including regulatory practices at the federal and state levels, the growing trends toward greater competition in the generation of electricity, and nuclear and nonnuclear generation options. Critical evaluation of advanced reactors-covering attributes such as cost, construction time, safety, development status, and fuel cycles. Finally, three alternative federal research and development programs are presented.
Download or read book Advanced Reactor Concepts ARC written by Ali Zamani Paydar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-07-20 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear engineers advancing the energy transition are understanding more about the next generation of nuclear plants; however, it is still difficult to access all the critical types, concepts, and applications in one location. Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC): A New Nuclear Power Plant Perspective Producing Energy gives engineers and nuclear engineering researchers the comprehensive tools to get up to date on the latest technology supporting generation IV nuclear plant systems. After providing a brief history of this area, alternative technology is discussed such as electromagnetic pumps, heat pipes as control devices, Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycles integration, and instrumentation helping nuclear plants to provide dispatchable electricity to the grid and heat to industry. Packed with examples of all the types, benefits, and challenges involved, Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC) delivers the go-to reference that engineers need to advance safe nuclear energy as a low-carbon option. Describes theory and concepts on generation IV technology such as advanced reactor concepts (ARC) and electromagnetic pumps, and compares different types and sizes. Sets out the energy transition with critical carbon-free technology that can supplement intermittent power sources such as wind and solar. Explains alternative heat storage technology, including Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycles. Introduces advanced main instrumentation systems for in-core probes.
Download or read book The Technology of Pressurized Water Reactors written by Serge Marguet and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-09 with total page 1950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a complete panorama of the pressurized water reactor industry, beginning from its origin in the USA and the realization of nuclear engines for naval propulsion, to its most recent developments in the field of civil energy production, particularly in France with the 56 reactors of the multinational electric utility company, Electricité de France (EDF). This comprehensive two-volume masterwork features detailed descriptions of all the crucial components driving a pressurized water nuclear reactor. Volume 1 deals with the main components, such as the main primary circuit, the reactor core, and the steam generators. Volume 2 covers the secondary circuit and the cold source, including components such as the turbine, condenser, alternator, transformers and power supply. Written by Serge Marguet, a leading specialist in reactor physics and author of several books on the subject, this book draws on his experience of more than 35 years in research and development at EDF, a global leader in civil nuclear energy. Featuring a richly illustrated, full-color iconography, as well as a detailed index and bibliography, The Technology of Pressurized Water Reactors is an indispensable work for seasoned nuclear energy professionals, as well as inquisitive newcomers to the field.
Download or read book Innovative Fuel Designs for High Power Density Pressurized Water Reactor written by Dandong Feng (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (contd.) It is found that the main uncertainty for this design is associated with the heat split between the inner and outer channels due to differences in the thermal resistances in the two fuel-clad gaps. Annular fuel is found to be resistant to flow instabilities, such as Ledinegg instability and density wave oscillation due to high system pressure and one-phase flow along most of the hot channel length. Similar power density uprate is found possible for annular fuel in a hexagonal lattice. Large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) for the reference Westinghouse 4-loop PWR utilizing annular fuel at 150% power is analyzed using RELAP, under conservative conditions. The blowdown peak cladding temperature (PCT) is found to be lower because of the low operating fuel temperature, but the flow rate from the safety injection system needs to be increased by 50% to remove the 50% higher decay heat. Loss of flow analysis also showed better performance of the annular fuel because of its low stored energy. The fuel design that best meets the desired thermal and mechanical features is the spiral cross-geometry rods. The dimensions of this type of fuel that can be applied in the reference core were defined. Thermal-hydraulic whole-core evaluations were conducted with cylindrical fuel rod simplification, and critical heat flux modification based on the heat flux lateral non-uniformity in the cross geometry. This geometry was found to have the potential to increase PWR power density by 50%. However, there are major uncertainties in the feasibility and costs of manufacturing this fuel.
Download or read book Pressurized Water Reactors written by Yurugi Kanzaki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-26 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pressurized Water Reactors, Volume Three in the JSME Series on Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation, compiles the latest research on Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) into a very comprehensive reference, beginning with its history. The reader is then guided through optimum design processes for PWRs, considering safety throughout. The authors then discuss thermal-hydraulic aspects within the PWR system and inside the reactor core, making this a valuable resource for nuclear and thermal engineers and researchers. Combining their wealth of experience, the book presents in-depth knowledge on the advancement and improvement of fuel rods that is gleaned from decades of experience and lessons learned. The inclusion of analysis codes for the design and safety elements ensure makes this a unique reference which will provide the reader with a solid understanding which they can transfer to their own professional and research settings. Future prospects for next generation PWR and Small Modular Reactors are also discussed, giving the reader a basis for further research of their own. Contains contributions from the leaders and pioneers in nuclear research at the Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers and draws upon their combined wealth of knowledge and experience Includes analysis codes, such as RELAP5, for the design and safety improvement of pressurized water reactors (PWRs) Presents history, examples, and case studies from Japan and other key regions, such as the United States and Europe
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Reactors with Innovative Fuels written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by Nuclear Energy Agency. This book was released on 2002 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new generation of nuclear reactor designs is being developed in order to meet the needs of the 21st century. In the short term, the most important objective is to improve competitiveness in the deregulated market. For this purpose evolutionary light water reactors are being developed and promoted actively. In the longer term, other requirements related to long-term sustainability will emerge, including the need to minimise the environmental burden passed on to future generations, the need to establish sustainability of the fuel and the need to minimise stocks of separated plutonium and their accessibility. At this workshop, information on R&D activities for advanced reactor systems was exchanged and research areas in which international co-operation could be strengthened were identified, in particular the roles that could be played by existing experimental facilities and the possible needs for new infrastructure.
Download or read book Innovative Materials in Advanced Energy Technologies written by P. Vincenzini and published by Techna Group. This book was released on 1999 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor for Improved Resource Utilization Part II Composite Advanced PWR Concept written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report evaluates the enhanced resource utilization in an advanced pressurized water reactor (PWR) concept using a composite of selected improvements identified in a companion study. The selected improvements were in the areas of reduced loss of neutrons to control poisons, reduced loss of neutrons in leakage from the core, and improved blanket/reflector concepts. These improvements were incorporated into a single composite advanced PWR. A preliminary assessment of resource requirements and costs and impact on safety are presented.
