Download or read book Antitrust Aspects of the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antitrust Aspects Of The Ocean Shipping Reform Act Of 1998 Serial No 30 May 5 1999 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 106 1 Hearing Antitrust Aspects Of The Ocean Shipping Reform Act Of 1998 Serial No 30 May 5 1999 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antitrust Aspects of the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book S 1356 Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1995 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 written by United States. Federal Maritime Commission and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reauthorization of the Federal Maritime Commission FMC written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the FMC does not itself grant the antitrust exemption that Congress has provided to certain ocean liners in a series of shipping acts, the agency's reauthorization might provide an opportunity for Congress to reconsider the current viability of that exemption, which dates back to the early 1900s. [...] This exemption dates back to the early 1900s, beginning with the Shipping Act of 1916,2 and has been continued through the present in the 1961 amendments to that act,3 the Shipping Act of 1984,4 and the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 (OSRA).5 Permission to engage in joint pricing activity was thought necessary to stabilize rates and service in liner shipping. [...] The conference carriers would share in the losses of the fighting ship until the new entrant was forced out of the trade or agreed to join the conference. [...] The act created the U. S. Shipping Board, a predecessor to today's FMC, to regulate the activities of the conferences. [...] The Shipping Act of 1984 was passed in the context of a move towards deregulation that occurred in other modes of transportation in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Download or read book Free Market Antitrust Immunity Reform FAIR Act of 2001 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Free Market Antitrust Immunity Reform FAIR Act of 1999 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998 written by Shea & Gardner (Firm) and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shipping Conferences Under EC Antitrust Law written by Luis Ortiz Blanco and published by Hart Publishing. This book was released on 2007-05-28 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liner conferences are among the oldest surviving cartels in the world. Created in the 1870s, they have existed on all the world's shipping routes. With the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments everywhere, they fix freight rates, control capacity, and share markets. The United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (1974) granted them global recognition and prompted the EC to recommend Member States to join the Convention on the Liner Code (1979) and to grant them the most generous and extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules ever (1986). The EC Commissions administration of the block exemption has clarified some of its aspects and, to a certain extent, limited its scope; but until very recently, it has not questioned the appropriateness of the exceptionally lenient treatment of liner shipping cartels in the EU. After a report by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Secretariat (2002) recommending abolition of antitrust immunity for shipping cartels in member countries, the European Commission launched a review of the block exemption (2003), which has not yet finished, and suggested that the authorization for liner conferences should either be repealed or severely limited. This book studies first the origins, the early history, and the regulation of liner conferences in the world and in the EC, focusing in particular on the regulation which granted a block exemption to liner conferences. Then, the book examines, one by one, the four conditions for a block exemption to be granted under EC law, and concludes that none of them is fulfilled by shipping cartels. Finally, it recommends that the block exemption is repealed and proposes some alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector. Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - the only study of Shipping Conferences - examines one of the great anomalies in world trade law.
Download or read book Maritime Transport Services in the Law of the Sea and the World Trade Organization written by Chuyang Liu and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginnings of international law, the law of the sea has been of paramount importance for international trade. Yet this area of law and international trade regulations have developed as two distinct areas with little interface with each other. As the GATT/WTO emerged in parallel to the LOS Convention since the 1970s, both bodies have made extensive efforts in international treaty making. However, the relationship between trade regulations and the law of the sea has hardly been explored. The author examines some key aspects of this relationship, in particular port entry, access to cargo in coastal shipping (cabotage) and access to cargo in international shipping. The inclusion of services in WTO law will render this relationship of great importance in the future as the agreement extensively covers maritime transport. It is just a matter of time until the current exclusion of maritime transport under special exemptions will be reviewed in future negotiations. The book provides the background and a normative basis for approaching some of the problems which members of the WTO will have to address in coming years. It also deals briefly with the problem of choice of law and competing jurisdictions between trade law and maritime law.
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Legislative Calendar written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
