Download or read book Anti obesity Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA written by Wan Shen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Overweight and obesity are the most widespread nutritional diseases in the U.S., which greatly increase chronic disease risks and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a relatively efficacious and safe strategy for the weight management. Consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements or one of its isomers, trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) CLA, has consistently demonstrated reductions in body weight or body fat in human and animal studies. Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. However, the upstream signals responsible for these actions are unknown. Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. It has been demonstrated that 10,12 CLA increased mRNA levels and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been linked to increased energy expenditure associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and uncoupling of ATP synthesis. It also has been shown that relatively high doses of 10,12 CLA lead to more significant reductions in body fat, but cause a greater level of inflammation, insulin resistance, and steatosis in animals. Therefore, Aims 2 and Aim 3 determined the extent to which a relative low dose of 10,12 CLA or a CLA isomer mixture increases markers of browning in mice and its dependence in inflammatory signaling. In Aim 2, a low threshold dose of 10,12 CLA was found that prevented body fat accumulation with minimum metabolic side-effects in non-obese mice. It was also found that 10,12 CLA-induced browning in WAT was accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of COX-2 and other markers of inflammation. In Aim 3, a relatively low dose of 10,12 CLA reduced body fat and increased browning of WAT in overweight mice, which were independent of inflammatory signaling. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights for the development of reliable dietary strategies for people who take CLA as method to lose weight. However, we still do not know (i) if 10,12 CLA supplementation would effectively reduce body fat in overweight mice when they are continuously fed an American-type, high-fat diet; (ii) potential risks of impaired regulation of body temperature, inflammation, and steatosis due to 10,12 CLA consumption in high fat-fed mice; and (iii) potential mechanisms by which 10,12 CLA reduces body fat in high fat-fed mice."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Investigating the Mechanisms Involved in the Anti obesity Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA Isomers in 3T3 L1 Adipocytes and in Obese Db db and Lean C57BL 6 Mice written by Azadeh Yeganeh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anti adipogenic Mechanism of Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Kihwa Kang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Insulin Resistance Hepatic Steatosis and Adiposity written by Angela Ann Wendel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significant depletion of adipose in mice by CLA may contribute to the lipodystrophic-like effects that accompany. The final objective of this research was to determine mechanisms by which CLA reduces adipose mass. Six-week old, male ob/ob mice were fed either a control diet (CON) or a diet supplemented with 1.5% mixed isomer CLA (CLA) for 4 weeks. A third group of mice (LEPTIN) were fed the control diet and received daily, intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/kg BW recombinant leptin as a positive control for adipose depletion in ob/ob mice. The depletion of adipose tissue by CLA was accompanied by the acquirement of brown adipose-like characteristics, such as increased CPT-1b, PGC-1alpha, and UCP-1, in the white adipose of CLA-fed mice. This alteration may facilitate the reduction of adipose mass by increasing mitochondrial oxidation and energy dissipation. However, it appears that CLA does not increase UCP-1 through beta3AR signaling.

Download or read book The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA Isomers on Obesity related Hypertension written by Vanessa DeClercq and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity -- hypertension -- conjugated linoleic acid -- adipocyte -- adipokines.

Download or read book D couverte des sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1882 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research written by Jean-Louis Sebedio and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 2 is the second book in a series devoted entirely to conjugated linoleic acid. This book has updated information on the analysis, biochemistry and applications of conjugated fatty acids in an attempt to make Volume 2, in conjunction with Volume 1 (published in 1999), the most comprehensive, up-to-date sources of CLA-related information available today. Both scientific and commercial views are presented, with the same data sometimes interpreted differently.

Download or read book Mechanisms by which Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Human Adipocyte Delipidation written by Soonkyu Chung and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Obesity is an important health issue, having risen to epidemic proportions in the U.S. Use of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, has received recent attention due to its potential health benefits including the reduction of fat mass in animals. However, the effectiveness and safety of CLA consumption in humans remains unclear. Our group previously reported that trans-10, cis-12 CLA impaired the conversion of preadipocytes into lipid-filled adipocytes (e.g., differentiation) and caused adipocyte delipidation that involved inflammatory cytokines in a human cell model. However, the isomer-specific mechanism for these events was unknown. Thus, this research examined mechanisms by which trans-10, cis-12 CLA induced adipocyte delipidation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in primary cultures of human adipocytes. Delipidation of adipocytes by trans-10, cis-12 CLA was accompanied by increased lipolysis and changes in the morphology of lipid droplets and the expression and localization of proteins regulating lipid droplet metabolism. This process involved the translational control of adipose differentiated related protein (ADRP) through activation of mTOR/p70S6K/S6 signaling and transcriptional control of perilipin A. Prior to these morphological changes, it was shown that trans-10, cis-12 CLA promoted nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and subsequent induction of interleukin (IL)-6 which were, at least in part, responsible for trans-10, cis-12 CLA-mediated suppression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR)γ target gene expression and insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes. The essential role of NFκB on CLA-induced inflammation was confirmed by using RNA interference. Further studies were conducted examining the localization and characterization of the inflammatory response, including the type of cells involved, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the inflammatory agent. It was demonstrated that LPS-induced, NFκB-dependent proinflammatory cytokine expression was predominantly from preadipocytes, which led to, at least in part, the suppression of PPAR activity and adipogenic gene expression and insulin sensitivity. Collectively, these data support the emerging concept that adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ with the capacity to generate inflammatory signals that impact glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, human preadipocytes have the capacity to generate these inflammatory signals induced by trans-10, cis-12 CLA and LPS, subsequently causing insulin resistance in neighboring adipocytes. These studies also revealed that NFκB- and MAPK-signaling mediate inflammation and insulin resistance induced by CLA and LPS. Thus, although the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA may decrease the size and lipid content of human adipocytes, it may also cause insulin resistance, which is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid Cla written by Ondon Benny and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2024-01-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CLA is classified as an omega-6 fatty acid, which is a specific category of fatty acid. Naturally present in ruminant animal flesh and dairy products (e.g., sheep, goats, and cows) is this substance. Contrary to the majority of unsaturated fatty acids, CLA possesses a conjugated double bond system in which the double bonds are not separated by a single bond. Several studies have investigated the potential health benefits of CLA; these findings indicate that CLA might influence body composition, weight management, and overall health in a positive way. Notably, although some evidence supports these prospective benefits, the research is inconclusive; further investigations are required to comprehensively comprehend the mechanisms and enduring consequences of CLA supplementation. CLA supplements are commercially available and are frequently utilized for a variety of purposes, such as weight loss and muscle gain. Before incorporating CLA or any other dietary supplement into your regimen, it is crucial to seek the advice of a healthcare professional. This is especially true if you have any pre-existing health conditions or are currently taking medications.

Download or read book P1 19 05 Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA Effect on Body Weight and Body Composition in Women Systematic Review and Meta Analysis written by Hanady Hamdallah and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a food supplement that is proposed as an anti-obesity supplement in animal and human studies. Animal studies have shown a significant anti-obesity effect of CLA, but results in humans were inconsistent, where some of the studies found an anti-obesity effect while other studies failed to find any decline in obesity markers after CLA supplementation. This meta-analysis aimed to determine if oral CLA supplementation has been shown to reduce obesity-related markers in women.Method: Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were used to identify the eligible trials using two main searching strategies: the first one was to search eligible trials using keywords u201cConjugated linoleic acidu201d, u201cCLAu201d, u201cWomenu201d, and the second strategy was to extract the eligible trials from previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The eligible trials were placebo control trials where women supplemented with CLA mixture in the form of oral capsules for 6 months or less. Furthermore, eligible trials reported body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), total body fat (TBF), percentage body fat (BF%), and/ or lean body mass (LBM). The quality of each included study was assessed using both JADAD scale and an adapted CONSERT checklist.Results: Meta-analysis of 8 eligible trials showed that CLA supplementation was significantly associated with reduced BW (Meanu00b1 SD, 1.2u00b1 0.26 kg, p

Download or read book Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity focuses on the important roles that exercise, dietary changes, and foods play in promoting as well as reducing visceral fat. Nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers seeking to address the abdominal obesity epidemic will use this comprehensive resource as a tool in their long-term goal of preventing chronic diseases, especially heart, vascular, and diabetic diseases. Experts from a broad range of disciplines are involved in dealing with the consequences of excessive abdominal fat: cardiology, diabetes research, studies of lipids, endocrinology and metabolism, nutrition, obesity, and exercise physiology. They have contributed chapters that define a range of dietary approaches to reducing risk and associated chronic diseases. They begin by defining visceral obesity and its major outcomes; they also discuss the importance and the challenges of dietary approaches to reduce abdominal obesity, as compared to clinical approaches, with major costs and risks. Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the various dietary approaches to visceral obesity with their benefits and failures Includes chapters on types of foods, exercise, and supplements in reducing obesity and its chronic clinical companions, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease Helps nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers approach patients in making decision about nutritional therapies and clinical treatments for abdominal obesity, from an evidence-based perspective

Download or read book Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and its Comorbidities written by Susan Ettinger and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: A Case-Study Approach challenges students and practitioners to understand the role of nutrients within the pathophysiology and development of disease, specifically those diseases which develop as a result of obesity. Through a case-based approach, the author presents complex clinical scenarios that require multiple treatment strategies, including targeted diet modification as an adjuvant to medical therapy. The book is divided into 9 modules and 5 appendices each of which covers aspects of obesity and its comorbidities. Within each module, a case is detailed with relevant history, laboratory and physical data, and follow-up information. Each case is followed by a resource section which delineates current understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition, as well as the actions of nutrients and food components shown to modify these processes. A "further readings" section cites current supporting clinical and basic literature as well as published guidelines. Explores how obesity is a key player in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis Integrates current understandings of the molecular mechanisms of nutrient action on the processes of disease development and treatment Presents students and early practitioners with complex clinical scenarios through a practical case-based approach

Download or read book Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research written by Martin P. Yurawecz and published by The American Oil Chemists Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has increased substantially in recent years. As one would expect with any evolving scientific area, research to date has provided more questions than answers. This book provides an up-to-date report of work that is still in progress. The editors document the state of knowledge about CLA as the twentieth century draws to a close.

Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Inflammation in Animal Models written by Daniel E. Butz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrient Metabolism written by Martin Kohlmeier and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 899 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient Metabolism, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the supply and use of nutrients in the human body and how the body regulates intake. Chapters detail the principles determining digestion and absorption of food ingredients and how these compounds and their metabolites get into the brain, cross the placenta and pass through the kidneys. Each nutrient’s coverage contains a nutritional summary that describes its function, its food sources, dietary requirements, potential health risks if deficient, and impact of excessive intake. This handbook contains the latest information on the scope of structures, processes, genes and cofactors involved in maintaining a healthy balance of nutrient supplies. Of interest to a wide range of professionals because nutrient issues connect to so many audiences, the book contains a useful link to dietary supplements. Latest research findings on health and clinical effects of nutrients and of interventions affecting nutrient supply or metabolism Each nutrient covered contains a nutritional summary describing its function, food sources, dietary requirements, potential health risks if deficient, and impact of excessive intake. Nutrient information immediately accessible--from source to effect--in one volume

Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA Promotes Inflammation to a Greater Extent in Human Adipocytes Compared to Preadipocytes written by Kristina Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Human Health written by Eileen F. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and its individual isomers, have been suggested to possess numerous health effects. Some of these effects appear to be isomer-specific and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The application of transcriptomic approaches offers the potential to gain valuable insights into the mechanisms of action of CLA. The present work describes a number of studies using transcriptomic approaches, in which clear isomer-specific effects of CLA on intestinal Ca transport, carcinogensis and lipid metabolism were observed. In relation to the observed enhancement of Ca absorption, trans-10, cis-12 CLA increased paracellular Ca transport, which was associated with changes in the expression of genes encoding components of the tight-junction. In contrast, the trans-10, sis-12 CLA-mediated increase in transcellular Ca transport did not appear to relate to consistent changes in expression of the key genes encoding mediators of this route. Furthermore, trans-10, cis-12 CLA did not augment the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated transcellular transport, suggesting that its effect on this route of Ca transport are mediated through alternative mechanisms. Beyond its effect on Ca transport, the isomer-specific effects of CLA on global gene expression profiles in Caco-2 cells were investigated. In the first such study, to our knowledge, genome-wide analysis showed that trans-10, cis-12 CLA altered the expression of 918 genes in Caco-2 cells, whereas cis-9, trans-11 CLA had no effect on gene expression. While a number of expression patterns in relation to the chemopreventative mechanisms of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in colon cancer were highlighted, potential adverse effects related to intestinal HDL biogenesis and glucose metabolism were evident in the Caco-2 cells. Thus, the use of transcriptomics provides valuable insights into the possible mechanisms of action of CLA in gut cell function and health. An investigation of the effects of CLA supplementation on global gene expression at the shole-body level, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy adult males, showed altered expression of genes involved in glycogen and haem metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis. However, additional studies are required to further the understanding of the ability of changes in gene expression of PBMC to relate to whole-body effects associated with CLA. While these approaches increase our mechanistic understanding of the role of CLA in health, further research is required to determine the efficacy and safety of CLA in human health and its potential as a functional food ingredient.