Download or read book Antanas Smetona and His Lithuania written by Alfonsas Eidintas and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This biographical overview of the life of Antanas Smetona (1874-1944), his importance in the Lithuanian national movement, his central role in the emergence of modern Lithuania (1918-1920), and the development of the various groups of nationalists in Lithuania, offers a picture of the creation of a national state in XXth century Europe. Twice the president of Lithuania (1919-20 and 1926-40), the authoritarian ruler of the state from 1926-1940, Smetona established his role as a capable and needed politician in Lithuania’s political life, a middle person between the political left and right. The study characterizes Smetona’s closest and most important associates, who helped him to formulate legislation for his model of presidential regime, the nationalistic ideology, and the development of national economy. Despite its authoritarian tendencies Smetona’s rule surprisingly continued to be for many Lithuanians a symbol of Lithuanian independence and national freedom through the years of Soviet occupation.
Download or read book Antanas Smetona written by and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Typed, signed note from secretary Lithuania Antanas Smetona (August 10, 1874 - January 9, 1944) was one of the most important Lithuanian political figures between World War I and World War II. He served as the first President of Lithuania from April 4, 1919 to June 19, 1920. He again served as the last President of the country from December 19, 1926 to June 15, 1940, before its occupation by the Soviet Union. He was also one of the famous ideologists of nationalism in Lithuania.
Download or read book Antanas Smetona and His Time written by Liudas Truska and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lithuania in the 1920s written by Robert W. Heingartner and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert W. Heingartner kept this diary during his two year service as American consul in Kaunas, the provisional capital of Lithuania, 1926-1928. First titling the work “Impressions of Kaunas,” he wanted to record all his impressions of this small city about which he actually knew very little. He started with negative impressions, but he soon came to like it. He watched its growth with considerable sympathy. The diary’s appeal lies in its picture of daily life in Kaunas as the “provisional capital” of a newly independent small state – the conditions of life in the city, the social life of the diplomats, and backstage episodes in the life of the foreign diplomats. The diary records some unusual details about the family of Antanas Smetona, the ruler of Lithuania from 1926 to 1940, and it abounds in interesting commentary on the attitudes of both Lithuanians and foreigners.
Download or read book Civil military Relations in Lithuania Under President Antanas Smetona 1926 1940 written by Robert A. Vitas and published by Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes 41 pages of plates.
Download or read book 1939 written by Šarūnas Liekis and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 2010 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This gripping and well-documented account of the history of the town of Vilnius and its surrounding region from the Polish ultimatum of March 1938, which forced Lithuania to open diplomatic relations with Poland, to the incorporation of Lithuania into the Soviet Union in June 1940 is set against the evolution of Lithuania's relations with her neighbours during this crucial period. It is a major contribution to the outbreak of war in September 1939 and the subsequent evolution of Nazi Soviet relations. Prof. Liekis presents a remarkable history based on archival sources never before utilized in any English-language study. In revealing the geopolitical, ideological, economic, social and ethnic dimensions of an immense tragedy in the heart of Europe, the author provides a new perspective on the unraveling of a society and nation during the initial days of World War II as prelude to the most violent period in European history."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Lithuania written by Saulius A. Suziedelis and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2011-02-07 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Lithuania will serve as a useful introduction to virtually all aspects of Lithuania's historical experience, including the country's relations with its neighbors. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, an extensive bibliography, and over 300 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, places, and events; institutions and organizations; and political, economic, social, cultural, and religious facets.
Download or read book Lithuania s Fight for Freedom written by Ernest John Harrison and published by . This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a new release of the original 1945 edition.
Download or read book The Baltic Nations and Europe written by John Hiden and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all the Soviet Union's subject nationalities, the three Baltic republics, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, were the most determined and best organised in seizing the opportunities created by glasnost and perestroika to win freedom from Moscow's grip. At the time of first publication, in 1991, the final section of the book was speculative. Now for this revised edition, the authors have provided a new final chapter which brings the story up to date -- and the three republics to political independence again.
Download or read book Lithuania 700 Years written by Albertas Gerutis and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lithuania 700 Years" explores the nation's history from its undecided origins to its struggle for independence. The Lithuanians have been linked to various ancient peoples including the Romans, Greeks, Alans, Herulli, Thracians, Goths, and others. Numerous ethnogenetic theories have evolved, with some of the oldest theories based on comparisons of languages and religious customs, while others dealt with the subject in an more academic manner. The Liths, or Lithuanians, united in the 12th century under the rule of Mindaugas, who became king in 1251. Through marriage, one of the later Lithuanian rulers became the king of Poland (Ladislaus II) in 1386, uniting the countries. In 1410, the Poles and Lithuanians defeated the powerful Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg. From the 14th to the 16th century, Poland and Lithuania made up one of medieval Europe's largest empires, stretching from the Black Sea almost to Moscow. The two countries formed a confederation for almost 200 years, and in 1569 they formally united. Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland in 1772, 1792, and 1795. As a consequence, Lithuania came under Russian rule after the last partition. Russia attempted to immerse Lithuania in Russian culture and language, but anti-Russian sentiment continued to grow. Following World War I and the collapse of Russia, Lithuania declared independence (1918), under German protection. The republic was then annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. From June 1941 to 1944, it was occupied by German troops, with whom Lithuania served in World War II. Some 240,000 Jews were massacred in Lithuania during the Nazi years. In 1944, the Soviets again annexed Lithuania.
Download or read book The Making and Breaking of Soviet Lithuania written by Violeta Davoliūtė and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-03 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appearing on the world stage in 1918, Lithuania suffered numerous invasions, border changes and large scale population displacements.The successive occupations of Stalin in 1940 and Hitler in 1941, mass deportations to the Gulag and the elimination of the Jewish community in the Holocaust gave the horrors of World War II a special ferocity. Moreover, the fighting continued after 1945 with the anti-Soviet insurrection, crushed through mass deportations and forced collectivization in 1948-1951. At no point, however, did the process of national consolidation take a pause, making Lithuania an improbably representative case study of successful nation-building in this troubled region. As postwar reconstruction gained pace, ethnic Lithuanians from the countryside – the only community to remain after the war in significant numbers – were mobilized to work in the cities. They streamed into factory and university alike, creating a modern urban society, with new elites who had a surprising degree of freedom to promote national culture. This book describes how the national cultural elites constructed a Soviet Lithuanian identity against a backdrop of forced modernization in the fifties and sixties, and how they subsequently took it apart by evoking the memory of traumatic displacement in the seventies and eighties, later emerging as prominent leaders of the popular movement against Soviet rule.
Download or read book A Concise History of the Baltic States written by Andrejs Plakans and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-24 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated history of three Baltic peoples - Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians - from their origins as tribal societies to separate nations.
Download or read book Lithuania 1940 written by Alfred Erich Senn and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 2007 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In June 1940, as Nazi troops marched into Paris, the Soviet Red Army marched into Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia; seven weeks later, the USSR Supreme Soviet ratified the Soviet takeover of these states. For half a century, Soviet historians insisted that the three republics had voluntarily requested incorporation into the Soviet Union. Now it has become possible to examine the events of that tumultuous time more carefully. Alfred Erich Senn, the author of books on the formation of the Lithuanian state in 1918-1920 and on the reestablishment of that independence in 1988-1991, has produced a fascinating account of the Soviet takeover, juxtaposing a picture of the disintegration and collapse of the old regime with the Soviets' imposition of a new order. Discussing the historiography and the living memory of the events, he uses the image of a "shell game" that focused attention on the work of a supposedly "non-communist" government while in the hothouse conditions of military occupation Moscow undermined the state's independent institutions and introduced a revolution from above.
Download or read book Lithuania Independent Again written by Vytautas Landsbergis and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landsbergis (former president of Lithuania) offers a first-person account of the movement for Lithuanian independence and the ensuing conflict with the Soviet Union. He discusses the influence of German and Soviet occupations, mass deportations, and censorship, as well as describing the tone of everyday life under Soviet rule. He also offers details of the difficulties faced by the Lithuanian government after Parliament declared a new independence in 1990. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book The History of Jews in Lithuania written by Vladas Sirutavičius and published by Brill Schoningh. This book was released on 2019-10 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to create an integral picture of the social, economic and cultural history of the Jews in Lithuania during the course of more than six hundred years - from the Middle Ages to the 1990s. It is a translation of the study "Lietuvos žydai. Istorinė studija" (Engl. "Lithuanian Jews. Historical study"), published in Lithuanian in 2012. The Book was written by an interna-tional group of scholars from Lithuania, Israel, the United States of America and Germany. The world of Lithuanian Jewry is reconstructed through different aspects of the development of community and society: demography, social and economic activity, self-government institutions of the community, cultural and religious movements, literature and the press, education, discriminative policy of the authorities and relations with the dominant church, segregation, assimilation and changes of identity, anti-Judaism and anti-Semitism, and the Holocaust.
Download or read book Lithuanian Diaspora written by Linas Saldukas and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Timeless Lithuania written by Owen Joseph Christoffer Norem and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dotyczy m. in. Polski.
