Download or read book Getting MAD Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction Its Origins and Practice written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly 40 years after the concept of finite deterrence was popularized by the Johnson administration, nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) thinking appears to be in decline. The United States has rejected the notion that threatening population centers with nuclear attacks is a legitimate way to assure deterrence. Most recently, it withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, an agreement based on MAD. American opposition to MAD also is reflected in the Bush administration's desire to develop smaller, more accurate nuclear weapons that would reduce the number of innocent civilians killed in a nuclear strike. Still, MAD is influential in a number of ways. First, other countries, like China, have not abandoned the idea that holding their adversaries' cities at risk is necessary to assure their own strategic security. Nor have U.S. and allied security officials and experts fully abandoned the idea. At a minimum, acquiring nuclear weapons is still viewed as being sensible to face off a hostile neighbor that might strike one's own cities. Thus, our diplomats have been warning China that Japan would be under tremendous pressure to go nuclear if North Korea persisted in acquiring a few crude weapons of its own. Similarly, Israeli officials have long argued, without criticism, that they would not be second in acquiring nuclear weapons in the Middle East. Indeed, given that Israelis surrounded by enemies that would not hesitate to destroy its population if they could, Washington finds Israel's retention of a significant nuclear capability totally "understandable."

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of International Intelligence written by Nigel West and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-05-21 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligence is now acknowledged as the hidden dimension to international diplomacy and national security. It is the hidden piece of the jigsaw puzzle of global relations that cements relationships, undermines alliances and topples tyrants, and after many decades of being deliberately overlooked or avoided, it is now regarded as a subject of legitimate study by academics and historians. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of International Intelligence covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on espionage techniques, categories of agents, crucial operations spies, defectors, moles, double and triple agents, and the tradecraft they apply. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the international intelligence.

Download or read book How Mathematicians Think written by William Byers and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-02 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To many outsiders, mathematicians appear to think like computers, grimly grinding away with a strict formal logic and moving methodically--even algorithmically--from one black-and-white deduction to another. Yet mathematicians often describe their most important breakthroughs as creative, intuitive responses to ambiguity, contradiction, and paradox. A unique examination of this less-familiar aspect of mathematics, How Mathematicians Think reveals that mathematics is a profoundly creative activity and not just a body of formalized rules and results. Nonlogical qualities, William Byers shows, play an essential role in mathematics. Ambiguities, contradictions, and paradoxes can arise when ideas developed in different contexts come into contact. Uncertainties and conflicts do not impede but rather spur the development of mathematics. Creativity often means bringing apparently incompatible perspectives together as complementary aspects of a new, more subtle theory. The secret of mathematics is not to be found only in its logical structure. The creative dimensions of mathematical work have great implications for our notions of mathematical and scientific truth, and How Mathematicians Think provides a novel approach to many fundamental questions. Is mathematics objectively true? Is it discovered or invented? And is there such a thing as a "final" scientific theory? Ultimately, How Mathematicians Think shows that the nature of mathematical thinking can teach us a great deal about the human condition itself.

Download or read book Assessing the Quality of Democracy written by David Beetham and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Preservice Music Teacher Education in the United States written by Colleen Marie Conway and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Preservice Music Teacher Education in the United States advocates for increased cultural engagement in Pre-K-12 music education.

Download or read book The International Labour Organization and the Quest for Social Justice 1919 2009 written by Gerry Rodgers and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells the story of the International Labour Organization, founded in 1919 in the belief that universal and lasting peace goes hand in hand with social justice. Since then the ILO has contributed to the protection of the vulnerable, the fight against unemployment, the promotion of human rights, the development of democratic institutions and the improvement of the working lives of women and men everywhere. In its history the ILO has sometimes thrived, sometimes suffered setbacks, but always survived to pursue its goals through the political and economic upheavals of the last 90 years.

Download or read book Catalog of Catalogs written by William L. Gross and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalog of Catalogs documents nearly 2,300 temporary exhibition catalogs, 1876-2018, that include objects of Judaica. It provides highly-detailed indices of these publications' subjects, exhibited objects and geographical foci.

Download or read book FULLY HUMAN written by Lindsey N. Kingston and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Citizenship within our current international system signifies being fully human, or being worthy of fundamental human rights. For some vulnerable groups, however, this form of political membership is limited or missing entirely, and they face human rights challenges despite a prevalence of international human rights law. These protection gaps are central to hierarchies of personhood, or inequalities that render some people more "worthy" than others for protections and political membership. As a remedy, Lindsey N. Kingston proposes the ideal of "functioning citizenship," which requires an active and mutually-beneficial relationship between the state and the individual and necessitates the opening of political space for those who cannot be neatly categorized. It signifies membership in a political community, in which citizens support their government while enjoying the protections and services associated with their privileged legal status. At the same time, an inclusive understanding of functioning citizenship also acknowledges that political membership cannot always be limited by the borders of the state or proven with a passport. Fully Human builds its theory by looking at several hierarchies of personhood, from the stateless to the forcibly displaced, migrants, nomadic peoples, indigenous nations, and "second class" citizens in the United States. It challenges the binary between citizen and noncitizen, arguing that rights are routinely violated in the space between the two. By recognizing these realities, we uncover limitations built into our current international system--but also begin to envision a path toward the realization of human rights norms founded on universality and inalienability. The ideal of functioning citizenship acknowledges the persistent power of the state, yet it does not rely solely on traditional conceptions of citizenship that have proven too flawed and limited for securing true rights protection.

Download or read book A History of Abstract Algebra written by Israel Kleiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-02 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the history of abstract algebra. It shows how abstract algebra has arisen in attempting to solve some of these classical problems, providing a context from which the reader may gain a deeper appreciation of the mathematics involved.

Download or read book The Cold War written by Konrad H. Jarausch and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traces of the Cold War are still visible in many places all around the world. It is the topic of exhibits and new museums, of memorial days and historic sites, of documentaries and movies, of arts and culture. There are historical and political controversies, both nationally and internationally, about how the history of the Cold War should be told and taught, how it should be represented and remembered. While much has been written about the political history of the Cold War, the analysis of its memory and representation is just beginning. Bringing together a wide range of scholars, this volume describes and analyzes the cultural history and representation of the Cold War from an international perspective. That innovative approach focuses on master narratives of the Cold War, places of memory, public and private memorialization, popular culture, and schoolbooks. Due to its unique status as a center of Cold War confrontation and competition, Cold War memory in Berlin receives a special emphasis. With the friendly support of the Wilson Center.

Download or read book To Bring the Good News to All Nations written by Lauren Frances Turek and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When American evangelicals flocked to Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe in the late twentieth century to fulfill their Biblical mandate for global evangelism, their experiences abroad led them to engage more deeply in foreign policy activism at home. Lauren Frances Turek tracks these trends and illuminates the complex and significant ways in which religion shaped America's role in the late–Cold War world. In To Bring the Good News to All Nations, she examines the growth and influence of Christian foreign policy lobbying groups in the United States beginning in the 1970s, assesses the effectiveness of Christian efforts to attain foreign aid for favored regimes, and considers how those same groups promoted the imposition of economic and diplomatic sanctions on those nations that stifled evangelism. Using archival materials from both religious and government sources, To Bring the Good News to All Nations links the development of evangelical foreign policy lobbying to the overseas missionary agenda. Turek's case studies—Guatemala, South Africa, and the Soviet Union—reveal the extent of Christian influence on American foreign policy from the late 1970s through the 1990s. Evangelical policy work also reshaped the lives of Christians overseas and contributed to a reorientation of U.S. human rights policy. Efforts to promote global evangelism and support foreign brethren led activists to push Congress to grant aid to favored, yet repressive, regimes in countries such as Guatemala while imposing economic and diplomatic sanctions on nations that persecuted Christians, such as the Soviet Union. This advocacy shifted the definitions and priorities of U.S. human rights policies with lasting repercussions that can be traced into the twenty-first century.

Download or read book International IDEA Handbook on Democracy Assessment written by Iain Kearton and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International IDEA Handbook on Democracy Assessment is a robust and sensitive guide to assessing the quality of democracy and human rights in any country around the world. The Handbook introduces an easy-to-use and universal methodology for assessing the condition of democracy in any country, or its progress in democratisation, that has been developed in a three-year action programme at IDEA, the inter-governmental Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance in Sweden. The Handbook provides a means to measure systematically the full range of values, institutions and issues relating to modern democracy that is sensitive to the underlying principles and democracy and the differences between democracies themselves. It is therefore both universal in application and capable of responding to particular aspects of any one nation's democratic arrangements. The animating principle of the Handbook is that only citizens of a nation themselves are qualified to assess the quality of their own democratic arrangements. Thus, it provides a self-help guide, which gives academics, lawyers, political practitioners, journalists and interested citizens the tools to assess the state of their democracy, or any key aspects of their democracy. The Handbook is above all a practical working document that draws on the actual experience of assessing democracy in different countries, comparative knowledge and research, and democratic principles and practice. It gives a step-by-step guide to the purposes and methods of democracy assessment; who to involve; how to use the research tools; how to validate the findings; what standards of practice to adopt; and how to present and publicise a finished assessment. It contains extracts from completed assessments, guidance on the use of qualitative and quantitative data, examples of codes of democratic practice and international and regional standards, and a vast list of accessible data sources. The methodology was created by a team of political scientists assembled from all regions of the world by International IDEA and has been tried and tested in a variety of countries, including Bangladesh, El Salvador, Italy, Kenya, Malawi, New Zealand, Peru, South Korea and the United Kingdom. International organisations like the World Bank and UNECA are adapting it for in-country use. The four main authors and editors have been directly involved from the inception of the project - in developing and refining the methodology and participating in and advising on the nine country studies that form the essential practical core of experience on which this invaluable Handbook is based.

Download or read book Religions of the West Today written by John L. Esposito and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2017-11-10 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ideal for courses in Western religions, Religions of the West Today, Fourth Edition will cover the same material as the Western chapters of the authors' longer textbook, World Religions Today, Sixth Edition. Revealing the significance of religion in contemporary life, it explores major Westernreligious traditions - Judaism, Christianity, Islam - as well as indigenous religions, and new religions as dynamic, ongoing forces in the lives of individuals and in the collective experience of modern societies.This unique volume accomplishes two goals: it connects today's religions to their classical beliefs and practices and focuses on how these religions have both radically changed the modern world and been changed by it. Thoroughly revised, the fourth edition features streamlined content for greateraccessibility; updated material on recent world events; and updated timelines.

Download or read book Climate Change and Adaptation Planning for Ports written by Adolf K. Y. Ng and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As key links in transportation and supply chains, the effect of climate change on seaports has broad implications for the development prospects of the global economy. However, the picture is very uncertain because the impacts of climate change will be felt very differently around the world, both positively and negatively. This book addresses the need for quality theoretical analysis, highly innovative assessment methodologies, and insightful empirical global experiences so as to identify the best international practices, planning and appropriate policies to effectively adapt to, develop resilience, and indeed benefit from, the impacts posed by climate change on transportation and supply chains. This book comprises of theories, methodologies and case studies from five continents (Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Oceania) addressing climate change and the adaptation planning of ports and transportation infrastructures. With reputable contributors from academic, policymaking and professional sectors, it critically analyses the recent attempts by ports in establishing adaptation plans and strategies so to enhance ports and other transportation infrastructures’ resilience to the climate change risks. This is the first book of its kind to focus on climate change adaptation for ports. It offers useful and comprehensive guidance to senior policymakers, industrial practitioners and researchers who are eager to understand the dynamics between climate change, adaptation planning of ports and transportation infrastructures.

Download or read book Mathematical Publishing written by Steven George Krantz and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematicians are expected to publish their work: in journals, conference proceedings, and books. It is vital to advancing their careers. Later, some are asked to become editors. However, most mathematicians are trained to do mathematics, not to publish it. But here, finally, for graduate students and researchers interested in publishing their work, Steven G. Krantz, the respected author of several "how-to" guides in mathematics, shares his experience as an author, editor, editorial board member, and independent publisher. This new volume is an informative, comprehensive guidebook to publishing mathematics. Krantz describes both the general setting of mathematical publishing and the specifics about all the various publishing situations mathematicians may encounter. As with his other books, Krantz's style is engaging and frank. He gives advice on how to get your book published, how to get organized as an editor, what to do when things go wrong, and much more. He describes the people, the language (including a glossary), and the process of publishing both books and journals. Steven G. Krantz is an accomplished mathematician and an award-winning author. He has published more than 130 research articles and 45 books. He has worked as an editor of several book series, research journals, and for the Notices of the AMS. He is also the founder of the Journal of Geometric Analysis. Other titles available from the AMS by Steven G. Krantz are How to Teach Mathematics, A Primer of Mathematical Writing, A Mathematician's Survival Guide, and Techniques of Problem Solving.

Download or read book Solution of the Phase Problem I The Centrosystemmetric Crystal written by Herbert Aaron Hauptman and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Century of Mathematics in America written by Peter L. Duren and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 1988 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the A Century of Mathematics in America collection, this book contains articles that describe the mathematics and the mathematical personalities in some of the nations' prominent departments: Johns Hopkins, Clark, Columbia, MIT, Michigan, Texas, and the Institute for Advanced Study.