Download or read book Annealing Effects on Cu In Ga Se sub 2 and CuInSe sub 2 Thin Films written by Jason Gregory McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of my research is to study the effects of annealing on Cu(In, Ga)Se[sub2] (CIGS) and CuInSe[sub 2](CIS) thin films. Annealing polycrystalline films improves the films by minimizing secondary phases in the film and by increasing the crystal grain size. Annealing consists of heating the film to high temperatures, which varies between several hundred degrees to more than 500 degrees Celsius. The length of annealing time also affects the thin film. Films are annealed in a time frame from several minutes to several hours. Questions to be addressed are what preferred temperature to use for annealing and for what length of time. Furthermore, for repeated annealing of a film, would better results be found from annealing at increasing temperature with time held constant, or with increasing time while holding the temperature constant.
Download or read book Solar Cell Materials written by Arthur Willoughby and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comparison of solar cell materials, including both new materials based on organics, nanostructures and novel inorganics and developments in more traditional photovoltaic materials. It surveys the materials and materials trends in the field including third generation solar cells (multiple energy level cells, thermal approaches and the modification of the solar spectrum) with an eye firmly on low costs, energy efficiency and the use of abundant non-toxic materials.
Download or read book Cu In1 xGax Se2 Based Thin Film Solar Cells written by Subba Ramaiah Kodigala and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 Based Thin Film Solar Cells provides valuable contents about the fabrication and characterization of chalcopyrite Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 based thin film solar cells and modules. The growth of chalcopyrite Cu(In1-xGax)(S1-ySey)2 absorbers, buffers, window layers, antireflection coatings, and finally metallic grids, which are the sole components of solar cells, is clearly illustrated. The absorber, which contains multiple elements, segregates secondary phases if the growth conditions are not well optimized i.e., the main drawback in the fabrication of solar cells. More importantly the solutions for the growth of thin films are given in detail. The properties of all the individual layers and single crystals including solar cells analyzed by different characterization techniques such as SEM, AFM, XPS, AES, TEM, XRD, optical, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy are explicitly demonstrated. The electrical analyses such as conductivities, Hall mobilities, deep level transient spectroscopy measurements etc., provide a broad picture to understand thin films or single crystals and their solar cells. The book clearly explains the working principle of energy conversion from solar to electrical with basic sciences for the chalcopyrite based thin film solar cells. Also, it demonstrates important criteria on how to enhance efficiency of the solar cells and modules. The effect of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, aging etc., on the devices is mentioned by citing several examples. - Illustrates a number of growth techniques to prepare thin film layers for solar cells - Discusses characterization techniques such as XRD, TEM, XPS, AFM, SEM, PL, CL, Optical measurements, and Electrical measurements - Includes I-V, C-V measurements illustrations - Provides analysis of solar cell efficiency - Presents current trends in thin film solar cells research and marketing
Download or read book Recent Advances in Thin Film Photovoltaics written by Udai P. Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-02 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides recent development in thin-film solar cells (TFSC). TFSC have proven the promising approach for terrestrial and space photovoltaics. TFSC have the potential to change the device design and produce high efficiency devices on rigid/flexible substrates with significantly low manufacturing cost. TFSC have several advantages in manufacturing compared to traditional crystalline Si-solar cells like less requirement of materials, can be prepared with earth’s abundant materials, less processing steps, easy to dispose, etc. Several universities/research institutes/industry in India and abroad are involved in the research area of thin-film solar cells. The book helps the readers to find the details about different thin-film technologies and its advancement at one place. Each chapter covers properties of materials, its suitability for PV applications, simple manufacturing processes and recent and past literature survey. The issues related to the development of high efficiency TFSC devices over large area and its commercial and future prospects are discussed.
Download or read book Chalcogenide Photovoltaics written by Roland Scheer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive description of the most important material properties and device aspects closes the gap between general books on solar cells and journal articles on chalcogenide-based photovoltaics. Written by two very renowned authors with years of practical experience in the field, the book covers II-VI and I-III-VI2 materials as well as energy conversion at heterojunctions. It also discusses the latest semiconductor heterojunction models and presents modern analysis concepts. Thin film technology is explained with an emphasis on current and future techniques for mass production, and the book closes with a compendium of failure analysis in photovoltaic thin film modules. With its overview of the semiconductor physics and technology needed, this practical book is ideal for students, researchers, and manufacturers, as well as for the growing number of engineers and researchers working in companies and institutes on chalcogenide photovoltaics.
Download or read book Depth resolved Band Gap in Cu In Ga S Se 2 Thin Films written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surface composition of Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 (?CIGSSe?) thin films intrinsically deviates from the corresponding bulk composition, which also modifies the electronic structure and thus the optical properties. We have used a combination of photon and electron spectroscopies with different information depths to gain depth-resolved information on the band gap energy (Eg) in CIG(S)Se thin films. We find an increasing Eg with decreasing information depth, indicating the formation of a surface region with significantly higher Eg. This Eg-widened surface region extends further into the bulk of the sulfur-free CIGSe thin film compared to the CIGSSe thin film.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book McEvoy s Handbook of Photovoltaics written by Soteris Kalogirou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-24 with total page 1341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics, Third Edition, is a 'benchmark' publication for those involved in the design, manufacture and use of these devices. This fully revised handbook includes brand new sections on smart grids, net metering and the modeling of photovoltaic systems, as well as fully revised content on developments in photovoltaic applications, the economics of PV manufacturing and updated chapters on solar cell function, raw materials, photovoltaic standards, calibration and testing, all with new examples and case studies. The editor has assembled internationally-respected contributors from industry and academia around the world to make this a truly global reference. It is essential reading for electrical engineers, designers of systems, installers, architects, policymakers and physicists working with photovoltaics. - Presents a cast of international experts from industry and academia to ensure the highest quality information from multiple stakeholder perspectives - Covers all things photovoltaics, from the principles of solar cell function and their raw materials, to the installation and design of full photovoltaic systems - Includes case studies, practical examples, and reports on the latest advances and worldwide applications
Download or read book Growth of Cu In Ga Se 1tn2 Thin Films written by Thomas Schlenker and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics written by Augustin McEvoy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-10-03 with total page 1269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the growing sustainable and renewable energy movement, the design, manufacture and use of photovoltaic devices is increasing in pace and frequency. The Handbook of Photovoltaics will be a 'benchmark' publication for those involved in the design, manufacture and use of these devices. The Handbook covers the principles of solar cell function, the raw materials, photovoltaic systems, standards, calibration, testing, economics and case studies. The editors have assembled a cast of internationally-respected contributors from industry and academia. The report is essential reading for: Physicists, electronic engineers, designers of systems, installers, architects, policy-makers relating to photovoltaics. - A thorough update to the 'benchmark' publication from a cast of industrial and academic international experts ensures top quality information from multiple stakeholder perspectives - Covers all things PV- from principles of solar cells and their raw materials, to the installation and design of full PV systems, including standards, testing, economics and environmental impacts - Case studies, practical examples and reports on the latest advances take the new edition of this amazing resource beyond a vast collection of knowledge, into the realm of real world applications
Download or read book Ternary and Multinary Compounds written by R.D Tomlinson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 1077 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multinary compounds are now used in a wide range of devices, including photovoltaic solar cells, light emitters and detectors, and piezoelectric actuators. Ternary and Multinary Compounds provides an interdisciplinary forum for scientists and engineers working on fundamental and applied aspects of these materials. The volume focuses on optoelectronic properties, electronic band structure, charge carrier transport, optical and magnetic properties, and superconductivity. It includes chapters on the research and development of new techniques and novel materials, such as laser ablation deposition and ferroelectrics.
Download or read book Method of Fabricating High Efficiency Cu In Ga SeS 2 Thin Films for Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In situ Post deposition Thermal Annealing of Co evaporated Cu InGa Se2 Thin Films Deposited at Low Temperatures written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of deposition temperature and in-situ post-deposition annealing on the microstructure of coevaporated Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films and on the performance of the resulting solar cell devices have been characterized. Films were deposited at substrate temperatures of 150°C, 300°C and 400°C. Films were also deposited at these temperatures and then annealed in-situ at 550°C for 10 minutes. In as -deposited films without annealing, additional XRD reflections that may be due to a polytypic modification of the chalcopyrite phase were observed. Films deposited at 150°C were Se-rich. Post-deposition annealing caused microstructural changes in all films and improved the resulting solar cells. Only films deposited at 400°C, however, yielded high-efficiency devices after post-deposition annealing that were equivalent to devices made from films grown at 550°C. Films originally deposited at 300°C yielded devices after post-deposition annealing with VOC close to that of devices made from films grown at 550°C, despite smaller grain size.
Download or read book Advances in Green Energies and Materials Technology written by Younes Chiba and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents selected articles from the Algerian Symposium on Renewable Energy and Materials (ASREM-2020) held at Médéa, Algeria. It highlights the latest advances in the field of green energies and material technology with specific accentuation on numerical plans and recent methodologies designed to solve engineering problems. It includes mathematical models and experimental measurements to study different problems in renewable energy and materials characterization, with contributions from experts in both academia and industry, and presents a platform to further collaborations in this important area.
Download or read book Organic Nanostructured Thin Film Devices and Coatings for Clean Energy written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-18 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by leading experts from around the world, the three-volume Handbook of Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings gives scientific researchers and product engineers a resource as dynamic and flexible as the field itself. The first two volumes cover the latest research and application of the mechanical and functional properties of thin films an
Download or read book Effect of Annealing on Copper Thin Films written by Parag Gadkari and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lastly, it is also observed that the tendency for agglomeration can be reduced by encapsulating the metal film with an oxide overlayer, which in turn improves the resistivity of the thin film due to prolonged grain growth without film breakup.
Download or read book Annealing Effects on the Properties of Copper Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Deposition written by Ay Ching Hee and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
