Download or read book Analytical Modeling of Wood frame Shear Walls and Diaphragms written by Johnn Paul Judd and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical models of wood-frame shear walls and diaphragms for use in monotonic, quasi-static (cyclic), and dynamic analyses are developed in this thesis. A new analytical model is developed to accurately represent connections between sheathing panels and wood framing members (sheathing-to-framing connections) in structural analysis computer programs. This new model represents sheathing-to-framing connections using an oriented pair of nonlinear springs. Unlike previous models, the new analytical model for sheathing-to-framing connections is suitable for both monotonic, cyclic, or dynamic analyses. Moreover, the new model does not need to be scaled or adjusted. The new analytical model may be implemented in a general purpose finite element program, such as ABAQUS, or in a specialized structural analysis program, such as CASHEW. The analytical responses of several shear walls and diaphragms employing this new model are validated against measured data from experimental testing. A less complex analytical model of shear walls and diaphragms, QUICK, is developed for routine use and for dynamic analysis. QUICK utilizes an equivalent single degree of freedom system that has been determined using either calibrated parameters from experimental or analytical data, or estimated sheathing-to-framing connection data. Application of the new analytical models is illustrated in two applications. In the first application, the advantages of diaphragms using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) panels in conjunction with plywood panels as sheathing (hybrid diaphragms) are presented. In the second application, the response of shear walls with improperly driven (overdriven)nails is determined along with a method to estimate strength reduction due to both the depth and the percentage of total nails overdriven.

Download or read book Analytical Modeling of Wood Frame Shear Walls Subjected to Vertical Load written by Hai Nguyendinh and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A nonlinear automated parameter fitted analytical model that numerically predicts the load-displacement response of wood frame shear walls subjected to static monotonic loading with and without vertical load is presented. This analytical model referred to as Analytical Model of wood frame SHEar walls subjected to Vertical load (AMSHEV) is based on the kinematic behavior of wood frame shear walls and captures significant characteristics observed from experimental testing through appropriate modeling of three failure mechanisms that can occur within a shear wall under static monotonic load: 1) failure of sheathing-to-framing connectors, 2) failure of vertical studs, and 3) uplift of end studs from bottom sill. Previous models have not accounted for these failure mechanisms as well as the inclusion of vertical load, which has shown to reveal beneficial effects such as increasing the ultimate load capacity and limiting uplift of the wall as noted in experimental tests. Results from the proposed numerical model capture these effects within 7% error of experimental test data even when different magnitudes of vertical load are applied to predict the ultimate load capacity of wood frame shear walls.

Download or read book The Analysis of Irregular Shaped Structures Diaphragms and Shear Walls written by Terry R. Malone and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Complete Guide to Solving Lateral Load Path Problems The Analysis of Irregular Shaped Structures: Diaphragms and Shear Walls explains how to calculate the forces to be transferred across multiple discontinuities and reflect the design requirements on construction documents. Step-by-step examples offer progressive coverage, from basic to very advanced illustrations of load paths in complicated structures. The book is based on the 2009 International Building Code, ASCE/SEI 7-05, the 2005 Edition of the National Design Specification for Wood Construction, and the 2008 Edition of the Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS-08). COVERAGE INCLUDES: Code sections and analysis Diaphragm basics Diaphragms with end horizontal offsets Diaphragms with intermediate offsets Diaphragms with openings Open front and cantilever diaphragms Diaphragms with vertical offsets Complex diaphragms with combined openings and offsets Standard shear walls Shear walls with openings Discontinous shear walls Horizontally offset shear walls The portal frame Rigid moment-resisting frame walls--the frame method of analysis

Download or read book The Analysis of Irregular Shaped Structures Wood Diaphragms and Shear Walls Second Edition written by Terry R. Malone and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2022-08-12 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to solving lateral load path problems—fully updated for current practices and regulations This thoroughly revised guide explains how to calculate the lateral forces to be transferred across multiple diaphragm and shear wall discontinuities. You will get step-by-step examples that offer progressive coverage—from very basic to very advanced illustrations of load paths in complicated structures. Written by a team of seasoned structural engineers and certified building official, The Analysis of Irregular Shaped Structures: Wood Diaphragms and Shear Walls, Second Edition contains comprehensive explanations of current topics, including cross laminated timber (CLT) which can be used in mass timber construction. You will get thorough coverage of up-to-date structural codes, requirements, and standards and includes newly developed structure types and new design solutions. Covers new topics of diaphragm solutions including CLT diaphragms and shear walls, a new method for calculating FTAO shear walls, and an expanded discussion on cantilever diaphragm design. Updated to reflect the most recent codes and standards, including, ASCE 7-16, 2021 IBC, and 2021 SDPWS with new CLT diaphragm and shear wall design requirements and guidelines. Written by a team of experienced structural engineers and certified building official.

Download or read book Numerical Study of the Structural Performance of Large Panelized All wood Roof Diaphragms written by Sami Pant and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The use of flexible roof diaphragms is very common in the United States, both for multi-family residential buildings and large-scale commercial buildings. Due to its simplicity, the traditional diaphragm design method is commonly used in diaphragm design, in particular for the design of diaphragms with relatively small dimensions. The traditional diaphragm design method assumes the axial forces developed in framing members under in-plane loading carried only by the perimeter chords. The traditional diaphragm design method has always been thought to be a conservative design method, especially when applied to large diaphragms. In recent years, the engineering community began to question the applicability of the traditional diaphragm design method. A new design approach known as the collective chord design method was proposed by Lawson (2007) to analyze the chord forces for very large flexible roof diaphragms. This method utilizes strain compatibility of a simple beam to estimate the axial forces in chord members. According to this method, the axial force carried by each continuity chord is proportional to its distance from the neutral axis. Since the collective chord method distributes the axial forces to intermediate chord members, the axial forces in the perimeter chords or end chords usually are much smaller than that estimated by the traditional diaphragm design method. While, the collective chord method yields more economical design than the traditional method (due to smaller forces in the end chords), the design assumptions have not been fully verified via full-scale experiment or rigorous analytical models (e.g. finite element models). The main objectives of this thesis study were (1) to perform numerical analysis of large panelized all-wood roof diaphragms to observe the chord force and shear force distributions under in-plane loading, and (2) to use the analysis results to determine the applicability of the traditional and collective chord design methods. The roof diaphragms utilized in this study were numerically modeled using a program called M-CASHEW (Matlab - Cyclic Analysis of Shear Walls), which was initially developed to analyze wood shear walls. The M-CASHEW program was modified to include new features for modeling large panelized diaphragms. The M-CASHEW diaphragm model was validated by comparing the data from actual diaphragm tests to the model results. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to calibrate the most computationally efficient modeling parameters, in terms of both the computational demand (speed) and accuracy, for use in large diaphragm analysis. The calibrated diaphragm modeling parameters were then used to model the behavior of a case study all-wood panelized roof diaphragm. The dimensions of the case study diaphragm were 192 ft x 96 ft. Analyses were performed for both loads applied in the longitudinal and transverse directions (i.e. aspect ratios of 2:1 and 1:2). Twelve large diaphragm models were created to investigate the influences of various modeling and construction parameters (e.g. uniform nail schedule versus multiple nail zones) on the overall performance of the large diaphragm. The results obtained from numerical analyses were compared to the calculations of the traditional as well as the collective chord design methods. For the case study diaphragm with an aspect ratio of 2:1 (length to width), i.e. with uniform load applied perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the analysis results showed that the tension force in the longitudinal chord member at one-quarter of the width from the end chord in tension was about 10% of that in the end chord (Fo). According to the collective chord method, this chord should carry a tension force equal to 50% of Fo. This suggests that the collective chord method has the potential of overestimating the forces in the intermediate chords. The influence of diaphragm aspect ratio on chord force distribution was studied using three diaphragms of different aspect ratios (1:2, 2:1 and 4:1). The results showed that the chord force distributions for the range of aspect ratio considered did not follow the collective chord model. The analysis results also showed that the traditional diaphragm design method is not overly conservative and may be used for large diaphragm design. The behaviors of diaphragms with different sheathing nail schedules were also investigated. The results confirmed that the use of multiple nail zones, which is a common practice in panelized roof construction, is not only more efficient and economical but also structurally sound.

Download or read book American Environmentalism written by J. Michael Martinez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 1227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting the natural environment and promoting sustainability have become important objectives, but achieving such goals presents myriad challenges for even the most committed environmentalist. American Environmentalism: Philosophy, History, and Public Policy examines whether competing interests can be reconciled while developing consistent, coherent, effective public policy to regulate uses and protection of the natural environment without destroying the national economy. It then reviews a range of possible solutions. The book delves into key normative concepts that undergird American perspectives on nature by providing an overview of philosophical concepts found in the western intellectual tradition, the presuppositions inherent in neoclassical economics, and anthropocentric (human-centered) and biocentric (earth-centered) positions on sustainability. It traces the evolution of attitudes about nature from the time of the Ancient Greeks through Europeans in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the American Founders, the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and up to the present. Building on this foundation, the author examines the political landscape as non-governmental organizations (NGOs), industry leaders, and government officials struggle to balance industrial development with environmental concerns. Outrageous claims, silly misrepresentations, bogus arguments, absurd contentions, and overblown prophesies of impending calamities are bandied about by many parties on all sides of the debate—industry spokespeople, elected representatives, unelected regulators, concerned citizens, and environmental NGOs alike. In lieu of descending into this morass, the author circumvents the silliness to explore the crucial issues through a more focused, disciplined approach. Rather than engage in acrimonious debate over minutiae, as so often occurs in the context of "green" claims, he recasts the issue in a way that provides a cohesive look at all sides. This effort may be quixotic, but how else to cut the Gordian knot?

Download or read book Modeling the Nonlinear Behavior of Wood Frame Shear Walls written by Monique C. Hite and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Strength and Stiffness Design Values for Steel clad Wood framed Diaphragms written by David Aguilera and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Mathematical Model of Steel clad Wood frame Shear Diaphragms written by James A. Leflar and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lateral Resistance of Steel clad Wood framed Shear Walls with Openings written by Dustin G. Gatchalian and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Modeling of R C Shear Walls written by Peter Linde and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Study of Deflection of Single and Multi Storey Light Frame Wood Shear Walls written by Mohammad Mehdi Bagheri and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of wood shear walls has been the focus of researchers and engineers for many years due to their availability in the North American construction landscape. A review of the established literature showed that most of the research have focused on the shear wall behavior as a whole with no investigation specifically targeting the individual components of its deflection. Also, little to no attention has been given to the investigation of the cumulative effects especially when the out-of-plane diaphragm stiffness is considered. The current study aims at investigating the effects of construction details variation on the behavior of the shear walls and evaluating whether the current deflection equation, as per wood design standard (CSA 2014) can adequately predict the overall wall stiffness. A total of 27 full-scale single-storey walls, with different construction details and aspect ratios, were tested under either static or monotonic (as both are the same) loading. The parameters that were varied in the testing were the stud size and spacing, nail diameter and spacing, sheathing panel type and thickness and hold-down anchoring system/type. For the two-storey walls, two different loading cases were considered, namely where the load was applied at the top or bottom storey only. The results showed that the strength and stiffness correlated almost directly to the inverse of the wall aspect ratio. There was no clear trend when considering the effect of the walls' aspect ratios on ductility. Unexpectedly, walls with aspect ratios not permitted according to the wood design standard (4:1 and 6:1) followed similar strength and stiffness trends and had sufficient ductility ratios as those with smaller aspect ratios. This observation explains in part some of the discrepancies found between engineering calculations and behavior of actual building with light frame wood shear walls. Significant discrepancies were found when comparing the various deflection constituent with those estimated using the design expression. Adding more end studs and changing the size of the studs had no significant effect on the overall wall capacity and little effect on its stiffness. Reducing the stud spacing had, as expected, no effect on the wall capacity; however, the results showed that the bending stiffness was affected by the overall number of studs in the wall and not solely by the end studs. Shear walls sheathed with plywood panels exhibits slightly higher peak load and initial stiffness than those with OSB, which was mainly attributed to the greater panel thickness, and possibly density, of the plywood. Both sheathing types provided similar levels of ductility, as expected. Thicker sheathing increased the capacity and stiffness of the wall with no significant change observed in ductility ratio. The wall strength was significantly affected by the nail diameter and nail spacing, but no difference was observed when the nail edge/end distance was increased. The results also showed that discrete hold-down system behaved in a non-linear manner with a significantly greater initial stiffness than that assumed in design. The study also showed that having continuous hold-down connections has a positive effect on the capacity, stiffness and ductility of the wall when compared with discrete hold-downs. Having no hold-down adversely affects the wall capacity and stiffness, but did not affect the ductility of the wall. For the two-storey walls, the deflection estimated based on the cumulative effect assumption showed slight differences when compared with that observed in the experimental study. It was observed that the majority of the cumulative effect stems from the rigid body rotation due to deformation in the hold-down devices. A Computer shear wall model (through SAP2000) was developed using linear "frame" and "membrane" elements for the framing and sheathing members, respectively, whereas the sheathing to framing nails and hold-down were modeled using nonlinear springs. It was found that the model was capable of predicting the peak load, ultimate deflection and yield loads with reasonable accuracy, but overestimated the initial stiffness and ductility of the walls. In general, when the force-displacement curves were compared it was evident that the model was capable of predicting the wall behaviour with reasonable accuracy. When investigating the cumulative effects using the model, the results clearly showed that the assumption of cumulative effects due to rigid body rotation is valid for stacked shearwalls with no consideration for the floor diaphragm. The effect of the diaphragm on the behavior of the shear walls, in particular its out-of-plane rigidity was simulated by modeling the floors as beam. The out of plane stiffness of the shear walls was investigated for idealized (infinitely stiff or flexible) as well as "realistic". The results showed reductions in the shearwall deflection in the magnitude of approximately 80% considering the out of plane rigidity of the diaphragm. It was also concluded that considering conservative estimates of out of plane stiffness might lead to a very significant reduction in deflection and that assuming the floor diaphragm to be infinitely rigid out of plan seems reasonable. For diaphragms supported on multiple panels further reduction in the deflection was observed. More work, particularly at the experimental level, is needed to verify the finding obtained in the numerical investigation related to the effect of out of plane diaphragm stiffness.

Download or read book Materials and Joints in Timber Structures written by Simon Aicher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the contributions from the RILEM International Symposium on Materials and Joints in Timber Structures that was held in Stuttgart, Germany from October 8 to 10, 2013. It covers recent developments in the materials and the joints used in modern timber structures. Regarding basic wooden materials, the contributions highlight the widened spectrum of products comprising cross-laminated timber, glulam and LVL from hardwoods and block glued elements. Timber concrete compounds, cement bonded wood composites and innovative light-weight constructions represent increasingly employed alternatives for floors, bridges and facades. With regard to jointing technologies, considerable advances in both mechanical connections and glued joints are presented. Self-tapping screws have created unprecedented options for reliable, strong as well as ductile joints and reinforcement technologies. Regarding adhesives, which constitute the basis of the jointing/laminating technology of modern timber products, extended options for tailor-made bonding solutions have to be stated. Apart from melamine-urea and phenolic-resorcinol adhesives, one-component-polyurethanes, emulsion isocyanate polymers and epoxies offer a wide range of possibilities. The contributions dealing with experimental and numerical investigations on static, cyclic and seismic behavior of structures clearly reveal the enhanced potential of modern timber construction for reliable and sustainable buildings and bridges of the new millennium. The book is structured in nine thematic areas, being I) Structures II) Mechanical Connections III) Glued Joints and Adhesives IV) Timber and Concrete/Cement/Polymer Composites V) Cyclic, Seismic Behavior VI) Hardwood, Modified Wood and Bamboo VII) Cross-Laminated Timber VIII) Properties and Testing of Wood IX) Glulam

Download or read book Advances in Civil Engineering and Architecture Innovation written by Qing Yang and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2011-10-24 with total page 4270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These peer-reviewed papers reflect the valuable experience of the authors in the fields of innovation in structural systems and disaster prevention in engineering structures, architectural innovation, sustainable development of buildings, energy and the environment and innovation in, and applications of, building materials. Hot topics and cutting-edge views related to sustainable development in civil engineering are presented.

Download or read book Effective Analysis of Diaphragm Walls written by Technical Committee on Performance of Structures During Construction and published by ASCE Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepared by the Technical Committee on Performance of Structures during Construction of the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE. This report presents the current design practiceØfor diaphragm walls, with an emphasis on the most effective techniques. It provides an overview of various approaches to diaphragm wall design and presents several successful techniques used in Boston's Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel (CA/T) Project, a massive civil engineering effort thatØemployed more than three million square feet of diaphragm walls. This report focuses attention on the importance of techniques that take soil-structure interactions into consideration.

Download or read book Transactions of the ASAE written by American Society of Agricultural Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Building Technology written by M. Anson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-11-14 with total page 1844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set of proceedings is based on the International Conference on Advances in Building Technology in Hong Kong on 4-6 December 2002. The two volumes of proceedings contain 9 invited keynote papers, 72 papers delivered by 11 teams , and 133 contributed papers from over 20 countries around the world. The papers cover a wide spectrum of topics across the three technology sub-themes of structures and construction, environment, and information technology. The variety within these categories spans a width of topics, and these proceedings provide readers with a good general overview of recent advances in building research.