Download or read book Analytical and Numerical Study of Frontal Polymerization written by Stephen Anthony Cardarelli and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mathematical Analysis of Two Monomer Systems of Frontal Polymerization written by Michael F. Perry and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontal polymerization is a technique for converting monomer into polymer via a self-propagating reaction wave. Polymers can be manufactured by using one or more monomers; however, polymers formed with two or more monomers are advantageous because the polymer can assume specific important qualities. In this thesis, mathematical models for free-radical binary frontal polymerization and free-radical frontal copolymerization, methods in which polymers are formed using two different monomers, are developed. Through simplifying assumptions, the equations are solved both analytically and numerically, and important characteristics of the process, such as the propagation speed of the wave, the final temperature in the reaction front, and the final monomer concentrations, are studied. The analytic solution is compared to the numerical solution and to experimental results, whenever possible, to demonstrate agreement between the results. Parameters of the reaction are examined to determine which ones most influence the aforementioned characteristics. Stability of the polymerization front is also investigated.

Download or read book Asymptotic Analysis of Frontal Polymerization in a Medium with Periodic Monomer Distribution written by James T. Joyner and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Frontal polymerization (FP) is a process in which a monomer-initiator mixture is converted into polymer through a self-sustaining reaction front. We study FP in a two-dimensional rectangular domain where the front propagates parallel to the axis of periodic, small reagent variations. The problems setup is motivated by the experimental use of polymerization to produce gradient materials. Further, it allows us to investigate the fundamental question of validity of Snell's law for reaction waves in a non-uniform medium. First we present a derivation of the one-step kinetics model. Then, we seek an asymptotic, steady-state traveling-wave solution using the assumption of high activation energy. As a part of our analysis, we show that the Snell's law does not hold for the ranges of parameters for which our asymptotic analysis is valid. We propose a modification to our asymptotic procedure that may reveal applicability of Snell's law in FP."--abstract.

Download or read book Polymer Science A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 7752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress in polymer science is revealed in the chapters of Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, Ten Volume Set. In Volume 1, this is reflected in the improved understanding of the properties of polymers in solution, in bulk and in confined situations such as in thin films. Volume 2 addresses new characterization techniques, such as high resolution optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and other procedures for surface and interface characterization. Volume 3 presents the great progress achieved in precise synthetic polymerization techniques for vinyl monomers to control macromolecular architecture: the development of metallocene and post-metallocene catalysis for olefin polymerization, new ionic polymerization procedures, and atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer systems as the most often used controlled/living radical polymerization methods. Volume 4 is devoted to kinetics, mechanisms and applications of ring opening polymerization of heterocyclic monomers and cycloolefins (ROMP), as well as to various less common polymerization techniques. Polycondensation and non-chain polymerizations, including dendrimer synthesis and various "click" procedures, are covered in Volume 5. Volume 6 focuses on several aspects of controlled macromolecular architectures and soft nano-objects including hybrids and bioconjugates. Many of the achievements would have not been possible without new characterization techniques like AFM that allowed direct imaging of single molecules and nano-objects with a precision available only recently. An entirely new aspect in polymer science is based on the combination of bottom-up methods such as polymer synthesis and molecularly programmed self-assembly with top-down structuring such as lithography and surface templating, as presented in Volume 7. It encompasses polymer and nanoparticle assembly in bulk and under confined conditions or influenced by an external field, including thin films, inorganic-organic hybrids, or nanofibers. Volume 8 expands these concepts focusing on applications in advanced technologies, e.g. in electronic industry and centers on combination with top down approach and functional properties like conductivity. Another type of functionality that is of rapidly increasing importance in polymer science is introduced in volume 9. It deals with various aspects of polymers in biology and medicine, including the response of living cells and tissue to the contact with biofunctional particles and surfaces. The last volume is devoted to the scope and potential provided by environmentally benign and green polymers, as well as energy-related polymers. They discuss new technologies needed for a sustainable economy in our world of limited resources. Provides broad and in-depth coverage of all aspects of polymer science from synthesis/polymerization, properties, and characterization methods and techniques to nanostructures, sustainability and energy, and biomedical uses of polymers Provides a definitive source for those entering or researching in this area by integrating the multidisciplinary aspects of the science into one unique, up-to-date reference work Electronic version has complete cross-referencing and multi-media components Volume editors are world experts in their field (including a Nobel Prize winner)

Download or read book Mathematical Aspects of Frontal Polymerization written by Cynthia Ann Spade and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontal polymerization is a process in which a spatially localized reaction zone propagates into a monomer converting it into a polymer. Two types of frontal polymerization processes have been observed experimentally. One type is thermal frontal polymerization, which occurs due to diffusion of heat released in the polymerization reactions. We formulate a mathematical model of thermal frontal polymerization using a five-species reaction mechanism and justify its reduction to a four-species problem. We study the simplified problem both numerically and analytically, and determine important characteristics of the process such as the propagation speed of the wave, the final concentration of the monomer, the final temperature in the system, and the spatial distributions of all the species in the wave. Then we study the stability of thermal polymerization fronts, including the effect of heat losses. We formulate two models, one with simplified chemistry and the other with detailed chemistry, and determine the linear stability characteristics of the wave as a function of the system parameters for both models. The other type of frontal polymerization is an isothermal process, which is due to mass diffusion of the species coupled with the gel effect. We propose and study a basic mathematical model of isothermal frontal polymerization, relaxing the steady-state assumption in the gel region where the reactions are the most significant. We analyze various situations of initiator consumption for a weak gel effect, and study the case of a strong gel effect. Then we formulate and analyze a basic model that includes a strong inhibitor present in uniform initial concentration. We verify that the front does not propagate until the inhibitor has been completely consumed. For the isothermal models we obtain analytical results, including the time-dependent propagation velocity of the wave and the distance traveled by the front before it breaks down due to reactions ahead of the front, which are in good agreement with our numerical simulations.

Download or read book Biomat 2008 International Symposium On Mathematical And Computational Biology written by Rubem P Mondaini and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-07-27 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume contains selected contributed papers from the BIOMAT 2008 Symposium and lectures delivered by keynote speakers during the plenary sessions. All chapters are centered on fundamental interdisciplinary areas of mathematical modeling of biosystems, like mathematical biology, biological physics, evolution biology and bioinformatics. It contains new results on the mathematical analysis of reaction-diffusion equations, demographic Allee effects and the dynamics of infection. Recent approaches to the modeling of biosystem structure, comprehensive reviews on icosahedral viral capsids and the classification of biological data via neural networks with prior knowledge, and a new perspective on a theoretical basis for bioinformatics are also discussed.This book contains original results on reaction-diffusion waves: the population dynamics of fishing resources and the effectiveness of marine protected areas; an approach to language evolution within a population dynamics framework; the analysis of bacterial genome evolution with Markov chains; the choice of defense strategies and the study of the arms-race phenomenon in a host-parasite system.

Download or read book A Stability Analysis of Polymerization Fronts written by Donna M. G. Comissiong and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontal Polymerization (FP) is a process of converting monomer into polymer via a localized zone that propagates through the monomer. It bears a strong resemblance to self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), which uses combustion waves to synthesize desired inorganic materials. The reaction front propagates through the coupling of thermal diffusion and the Arrhenius reaction kinetics of the exothermic polymerization process. This thesis utilizes a moving free-boundary model to describe free-radical FP. The focus of attention here is the self-sustaining wave which travels through the reaction vessel as polymer molecules are being formed. Numerical and analytical techniques are used to determine one-dimensional traveling waves, and stability analysis (linear and weakly nonlinear) of the reaction front is performed. It is then possible to suggest ways to curb instabilities in the propagating reaction front. After our initial analysis, we account for autoacceleration and determine its effect on frontal stability. In an effort to facilitate the propagation of weakly exothermic fronts, we consider a one-dimensional polymerization wave in a sandwich-type two-layer setting. First one layer is reactive while the other is considered to be inert. Heat exchange between layers is possible, and the effect this has on frontal stability is investigated. Next, we allow both layers to be reactive, thus further enhancing inter-layer heat exchange. We comment on the effect that the second reactive layer has on the basic state of the system. Finally, two future research directions are presented in detail. One of our goals is to determine how the propagating front is affected by bulk polymerization at the far end of the reaction vessel. This is an important aspect to be studied in greater depth and incorporated into existing FP models, since bulk reactions can influence the speed and long-term stability of the reaction front. We end with a theoretical discussion for the manufacture of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films via FP.

Download or read book Self Assembly Pattern Formation and Growth Phenomena in Nano Systems written by Alexander A. Golovin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nano-science and nano-technology are rapidly developing scientific and technological areas that deal with physical, chemical and biological processes that occur on nano-meter scale – one millionth of a millimeter. Self-organization and pattern formation play crucial role on nano-scales and promise new, effective routes to control various nano-scales processes. This book contains lecture notes written by the lecturers of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Self-Assembly, Pattern Formation and Growth Phenomena in Nano-Systems" that took place in St Etienne de Tinee, France, in the fall 2004. They give examples of self-organization phenomena on micro- and nano-scale as well as examples of the interplay between phenomena on nano- and macro-scales leading to complex behavior in various physical, chemical and biological systems. They discuss such fascinating nano-scale self-organization phenomena as self-assembly of quantum dots in thin solid films, pattern formation in liquid crystals caused by light, self-organization of micro-tubules and molecular motors, as well as basic physical and chemical phenomena that lead to self-assembly of the most important molecule on the basis of which most of living organisms are built – DNA. A review of general features of all pattern forming systems is also given. The authors of these lecture notes are the leading experts in the field of self-organization, pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics in non-equilibrium, complex systems.

Download or read book Self Assembly Pattern Formation and Growth Phenomena in Nano Systems written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isothermal Frontal Polymerization and the Effectiveness of the Analysis of Separation Solubility Parameters in Predicting the Optical Clarity of the Resulting Polymers written by Edgar Rayner Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics 95 written by A. Ecer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-01-25 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) is an internationally recognised fast-growing field. Since 1989, the number of participants attending Parallel CFD Conferences has doubled. In order to keep track of current global developments, the Parallel CFD Conference annually brings scientists together to discuss and report results on the utilization of parallel computing as a practical computational tool for solving complex fluid dynamic problems. This volume contains the results of research conducted during the past year. Subject areas covered include: novel parallel algorithms, parallel Euler and Navier-Stokes solvers, parallel Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method and parallel multigrid techniques. The content of the book also demonstrates that considerable effort is being made to utilize parallel computing to solve a variety of fluid dynamics problems in topics such as climate modeling, consultation, aerodynamics and in many other areas. Readers of this book will gain a valid insight into the exciting recent developments in Parallel CFD research.

Download or read book Numerical Analysis of Axisymmetric Polymer Flows written by Gilles Marc Frécaut and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computational Analysis of Polymer Processing written by J.R.A. Pearson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large, fast, digital computers have been widely used in engineering practice and their use has had a large impact in many fields. Polymer processing is no exception, and there is already a substantial amount of literature describing ways in which processes can be analysed, designed or controlled using the potentialities of modern computers. The emphasis given varies with the application, and most authors tend to quote the results of their calculations rather than describing in any detail the way the calculations were undertaken or the difficulties experienced in carrying them out. We aim to give here as useful and connected an account as we can of a wide class of applications, for the benefit of scientists and engineers who find themselves working on polymer processing problems and feel the need to undertake such calculations. The major application we have in mind is the simulation of the dynamics ofthe various physical phenomena which arise in a polymer process treated as a complex engineering system. This requires that the system be reasonably well represented by a limited number of relatively simple subprocesses whose connections can be clearly identified, that the domi nant physical effects relevant to each subprocess can be well defined in a suitable mathematical form and that the sets of equations and boundary conditions developed to describe the whole system can be successfully discretised and solved numerically.

Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nonlinear Dynamics with Polymers written by John A. Pojman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Closing a gap in the literature, this is the first comprehensive handbook on this modern and important polymer topic. Edited by highly experienced and top scientists in the field, this ready reference covers all aspects, including material science, biopolymers, gels, phase separating systems, frontal polymerization and much more. The introductory chapter offers the perfect starting point for the non-expert.

Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: