Download or read book Analysis of Two Commercial Rice drying Systems Under Malaysian Conditions written by Hussain Mohd. Salleh and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Two Commercial Rice drying Systems Under Malaysian Conditions written by Hussain bin Mohd. Salleh and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Two Commercial Rice drying Systems Under Malaysian Conditions written by Hussain Bin Mohd Salleh and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A New Rice drying System written by Heru Prono Widayat and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agriculture in the Malaysian Region written by R.D. Hill and published by NUS Press. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaysia's transition from a country dependent on agriculture and mining to an industrialized society is readily apparent, but the process of change remains poorly understood. When R.D. Hill began studying agriculture in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei in the 1960s, he found swiddening, market-gardening, semi-commercial wet-rice cultivation and large scale plantations. Today, Malaysian agriculture has become highly capital-intensive and increasingly specialized, and many forms of production have all but disappeared. Once dependent on the export of primary products such as tin, rubber and palm oil, Malaysia is now an industrialized, middle income country. Singapore has nearly abandoned its primary sector. This completely revised edition of Hill's 1982 study, with two lengthy new chapters, explains the evolution of agriculture in Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore over the last forty years, with particular attention to the agro-ecosystems of the major crops.
Download or read book Mathematical Programming Based Synthesis of Rice Drying Processes written by Wongphaka Wongrat and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various drying models have been developed in the extent which they are available for the analysis of drying processes in a variety of practical drying systems. However, most were focused only on a single unit operation; mainly the dryer. Nevertheless other unit operations such as cooling and tempering units are also employed in industrial drying systems. Therefore, there is an important need for an integrated analysis of rice drying systems which takes into account all the interactions between the units that appear in a drying process. The aim is to select a process out of the large number of alternatives and operating conditions which meet the specified performance. In this work, the synthesis problem of drying processes will be thoroughly investigated using various drying models. Both simplified (empirical) and rigorous (theoretical) models were used. The aim is to find the optimum configuration and operating conditions which satisfy two optimization criteria. One is to maximize the quality (head rice yield) and the other is to minimize the energy consumption. To solve the synthesis problem, mathematical programming will be used as a tool. Three major steps involving the application of mathematical programming in synthesis problems were developed and presented; superstructure representation, problem formulation and optimization strategy. For the synthesis problem using empirical models, the problem was formulated as an MINLP model. However, due to the fact that different mathematical models are often possible for the same synthesis problem and the recent advances in modeling techniques, generalized disjunctive programming (GDP), known as an alternative model to MINLP, was used. The objectives are to investigate the benefit of using GDP as an alternative model to MINLP and also to exploit a disjunction part of a GDP model for integrating alternative choices of empirical drying models to eliminate the problem of having drying models which are valid only in a small range of operating conditions. The results showed that different drying strategies were obtained from using different drying models in the case of maximum head of rice yield (quality) while the same strategies have been found from using different drying models in the case of minimum energy consumption. This finding is due to the reason that quality as an objective function is highly nonlinear; therefore it contains many local solutions while the energy objective function is a simple linear function. In the aspect of using GDP model, we found that GDP models provide good structure of variable relationships which can improve the search strategy and solution efficiency for the problem dealing with highly nonlinear functions such as in the case of maximum head price yield. Moreover, because of this good characteristic of MINLP based GDP model, the synthesis problem of rice drying processes dealing with various kinds of empirical models can be solved in reasonable time in GAMS. Nonetheless, in the case that the optimization problem is dealing with the simple mathematical function, the GDP model did not outperform the ad hoc MINLP model for the case of minimizing energy consumption. Also, GDP modeling framework facilitated the problem formulation of the synthesis problem which had two drying models valid in a different range of drying operations in rice drying processes. The synthesis problem using theoretical models arising from the simultaneous heat and mass transfer balances gave rise to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MIDO) model. Such problem is highly nonlinear, multimodal and discontinuous in nature and is very difficult to solve. A hybrid method which combines genetic algorithms (GAs) and control vector parameterization (CVP) approach was proposed to solve this problem. In the case of maximum head rice yield, the results of the synthesis problem showed that high quality rice grain can be preserved regardless of the choice of drying configuration as long as the drying process is operated under a condition which produces the least amount of moisture gradient within the rice grain. Many local optimum solutions which gave rise to different drying configurations and operating policies were found from using different initial guesses. In the case of minimum energy consumption, the results showed that a cooling-tempering configuration which operates at ambient temperature gave the minimum energy consumption. Different initial guesses converged to the same drying configuration (cooling-tempering) but different operating policies and total number of passes. Moreover, since the optimal operating time in a cooling unit is at the upper operating bound allowed in this unit, the effect of the bound of operating time for a cooling unit on the total number of passes required was studied. The results showed that less number of passes would be obtained if longer periods of cooling are allowed. The hybrid proposed method was able to solve MIDO problems; albeit at a relatively large computational expense. For the comparison aspect between the theoretical and empirical models for synthesis of rice drying processes, empirical models are easier to use for the synthesis problem but they are valid only within the range which they were developed. Also, there is a need for developing a model for each particular unit employed in rice drying processes. For the synthesis problem with theoretical models, this problem gives rise to the most difficult class of optimization problems; however, a theoretical model provides a better understanding of the drying kinetics happening in rice grain. Moreover, theoretical models alleviate the need to develop models for each particular unit employed in rice drying systems. The common feature found from using theoretical and empirical models is that head rice yield objective function always gives rise to different choices of drying configurations while the energy objective function always give rise to a unique drying configuration (cooling-tempering). Different drying strategies have been found from using different drying models. These alternative configurations provide a broader vision on the operation of drying systems. To decide which one is the best, other factors must be taken into account such as investment cost, term of uses and available technology.
Download or read book Philippine Rice Postproduction Systems PSS written by and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring the Energy Required to Dry Rice in Commercial Rice Dryers written by Maria Alejandra Billiris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to quantify and assess the energy use and efficiency of commercial cross-flow dryers when drying rice using a range of drying and ambient conditions. First, equations that predict the theoretical energy required to dry rice from any given initial moisture content to a desired final moisture content were developed for several rice cultivars using a semi-theoretical approach to obtain a basis for comparison to calculate energy efficiency. Theoretical energy requirements, expressed as the energy required per unit mass of water removed, increased exponentially as initial moisture content decreased. Additionally, medium-grains required more energy to be dried than long-grains; non-parboiled rice required more energy to be dried than parboiled rice. Second, a two-year study was performed to measure energy requirements of both an on-farm, cross-flow dryer and a commercial, cross-flow dryer. In 2011 for the on-farm dryer, energy requirements ranged from 2,840 to 5,310 kJ/kg water removed and in 2012 from 3,730 to 5,840 kJ/kg water removed. Energy efficiencies, which were calculated as the ratio of theoretical energy requirements to the measured energy requirements, ranged from 47 to 90% in 2011 and from 44 to 69% in 2012. Thermal energy requirements of the commercial dryer ranged from 6,900 to 9,670 kJ/kg water removed in 2011 and from 8,800 to 9,620 in 2012. Electrical energy use, which ranged from 300 to 400 kJ/kg water removed in 2011 and from 410 to 630 in 2012. Energy efficiency ranged from 26 to 36% in 2011 and from 27 to 29% in 2012. It was found for both dryers that thermal energy requirements were linearly correlated to the difference between drying air temperature and ambient temperature and linearly and inversely correlated to the amount of water removed per mass dry matter. Equations were developed to predict energy use and efficiency as a function of these two parameters.
Download or read book Interfaces Between Agriculture Nutrition and Food Science written by and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1984 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rice Processing in Kedah Malaysia written by R. W. A. Vokes and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Contemporary Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improvement of Livestock Production in Crop animal Systems in Rainfed Agro ecological Zones of South East Asia written by C. Devendra and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in Southeast Asia 13th Century To 2010 written by William Shurtleff, Akiko Aoyagi and published by Soyinfo Center. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 1031 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Vietnam.
Download or read book Proceedings of AICCE 19 written by Fadzli Mohamed Nazri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 1635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the latest research, innovations, and applications in the field of civil engineering, as presented by leading national and international academics, researchers, engineers, and postgraduate students at the AWAM International Conference on Civil Engineering 2019 (AICCE’19), held in Penang, Malaysia on August 21-22, 2019. The book covers highly diverse topics in the main fields of civil engineering, including structural and earthquake engineering, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, highway and transportation engineering, water resources engineering, and geomatic and construction management. In line with the conference theme, “Transforming the Nation for a Sustainable Tomorrow”, which relates to the United Nations’ 17 Global Goals for Sustainable Development, it highlights important elements in the planning and development stages to establish design standards beneficial to the environment and its surroundings. The contributions introduce numerous exciting ideas that spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations between various specialists in the field of civil engineering.
Download or read book Bulk Handling and Storage of Grain in the Humid Tropics written by Bruce R. Champ and published by State Mutual Book & Periodical Service. This book was released on 1988 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
