Download or read book Analysis of Toxic and Non toxic Alexandrium Dinophyceae Species Using Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences written by Christopher Alan Scholin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequences of small subunit (Ss) and large subunit (Ls) ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) from the marine dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense, A. catenella, A. fundyense, A. affine, A. minutum, A. lusitanicum and A. andersoni were compared to assess the organisms' relationships. Cultures represent isolates from North America, Western Europe, Thailand, Japan, Australia and the ballast water of several cargo vessels, and include both toxic and non-toxic strains. An emphasis was placed on the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense "species complex," a group of morphotypically-similar organisms found in many regions of the world. Two distinct SsrRNA genes, termed the "A gene" and the "B gene," were found in a toxic A. fundyense isolated from eastern North America. The B gene is considered to be a pseudogene. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay developed to detect the A and B genes revealed five distinct groups of Alexandrium isolates. Three subdivide the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense complex, but do not correlate with morphospecies designations. The two remaining groups are associated with cultures that clearly differ morphologically from the A. tamarense/ catenella/fundyense group: the fourth group consists of A. affine isolates, and the fifth group is represented by A. minutum, A.lusitanicum and A. andersoni. The B gene was only found in A. tamarense/catenella/ fundyense, but not in all members of this species complex. The B gene is not uniformly distributed among global populations of Alexandrium. All A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense isolates from North America harbor this gene, but it has also been found in some A. tamarense from scattered locations in Japan, as well as in A. tamarense from the ballast water of one cargo vessel which was on a defined run from Japan to Australia. The B gene may be endemic to North American populations of A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense. It is possible that in the recent past North American A. tamarense were introduced to Japanese waters, and cysts of these organisms have been transported from Japan to Australia. A subset of isolates examined using the the RFLP assay were also compared by cloning and sequencing a fragment of their LsrDNA. Eight major classes of LsrDNA sequences, termed "ribotypes," were identified. Five ribotypes subdivide members of the A. tamarense/catenella!fundyense complex; all isolates containing the B gene cluster as one ribotype. The three remaining ribotypes are typified by: 1) A. affine; 2) A. minutum and A. lusitanicum; and, 3) A. andersoni. LsrDNAs from A. minutum and A. lusitanicum are indistinguishable. A. minutum!lusitanicum/andersoni may represent another Alexandrium species complex, analogous to the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense group. An organisms' ability to produce toxin appears to be correlated with its LsrDNA phylogenetic lineage. Ribotypes ascribed by the LsrDNA sequences are in complete agreement with, and offer a finer-scale resolution of, groups defined by SsrDNA restriction patterns. The SsrDNA RFLP groups and LsrDNA ribotypes are useful species- and population-specific markers. Alexandrium tamarense/catenella/fundyense exist as geneticallydistinct "strains" (populations), not three genetically-distinct species: representatives collected from the same geographic region appear the most similar, regardless of morphotype, whereas those from geographicallyseparated populations are more divergent even when the same morphospecies are compared. Contrary to this general pattern, A. tamarense/catenella from Japan were found to be exceptionally heterogeneous. Ballast water samples show that viable cysts (resting spores) of toxigenic A. tamarense/catenella are being discharged into Australian ports from multiple, genetically-distinct source populations. The rDNA sequences were also used to test theories accounting for the evolution and global dispersal of A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense. Results suggest a monophyletic radiation of these organisms from a common ancestor that included, or gave rise to, multiple morphotypes. Populations appear to have diverged as a result of vicariance (geographic isolation). The co-occurrence of genetically-distinct strains of these organisms is an indication of dispersal. An example of this is seen in Japan where an introduction of North American A. tamarense appears likely. Determining the timing of dispersal events is problematic if based strictly on rDNA sequence similarities, since these molecules undergo change on a scale of millions of years

Download or read book Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms written by Donald Mark Anderson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-04-16 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "The Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms", held at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Bermuda, May 27- June 6, 1996

Download or read book The Genus Alexandrium Halim Dinoflagellata written by Enrique Balech and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Red Tides written by Tomotoshi Okaichi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-04 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines large-scale outbreaks of red tide along coastal areas, which is associated with fish and shellfish mass mortalities through poisoning. This book discusses the red tide phenomena throughout the world, including biological research results on taxonomy of cyst and vegetative cells of red tide organisms and ecological and physiological studies using ecological modeling.

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecology of Harmful Algae written by E. Granéli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-04 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful algal can cause a variety of deleterious effects, including the poisoning of fish and shellfish, habitat disruptions for many organisms, water discoloration, beach fouling, and even toxic effects for humans. In this volume, international experts provide an in-depth analysis of harmful algae topics and offer a comprehensive synthesis of the latest research in the field.

Download or read book Toxic Marine Phytoplankton written by Edna Granéli and published by New York : Elsevier. This book was released on 1990 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Manual of Environmental Microbiology written by Christon J. Hurst and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new second edition of this essential manual summarizes the information and knowledge of environmental microbiology in a single source. It details the natural fate of microorganisms in the environment as well as the intentional attempts to eliminate from the environment microorganisms that are pathogenic to humans or to plants and animals. The basic principles of environmental microbiology and general analytical methodologies, common across the range of the environments covered, are presented first. The core sections are structured with regard to the type of environmental medium being discussed. This landmark effort defines the study of environmental microbiology as we know it today and serve as an essential contribution to the literature.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Harmful Algal Blooms HABs in Latin America written by Marius Nils Müller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates written by F. Marret and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of current research on fossil and modern dinoflagellates, as well as highlighting research areas for future collaboration, following the DINO9 International Conference in Liverpool. The volume is organized into four themes, with a review paper for each theme written by the key-note speaker. Each theme also includes a future research foci note following discussion during the conference. The contributions are organized into the following sections: environmental change, ecology/palaeoecology, life cycles and diversity, and stratigraphy and evolution. Also included are notes from two workshops: culture experiments and dinocysts as palaeoceanographic tracers. This volume will be of interest to both the biological and micropalaeontological communities.

Download or read book Applied and Environmental Microbiology written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae Volume 1 written by Gian Paolo Rossini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a structured account of the existing knowledge of toxic algae, the chemistry of the toxins they produce, the effects these substances exert in humans and wildlife, as well as the strategies envisaged to protect public health and the environment. It covers recent advances in the understanding of the biology of toxin producers and

Download or read book U S National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molluscan Shellfish Safety written by Kathleen Henshilwood and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biodiversity written by Adriano Sofo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity is strongly affected by the rapid and accelerating changes in the global climate, which largely stem from human activity. Anthropogenic activities are causing highly influential impacts on species persistence. The sustained environmental change wildlife is experiencing may surpass the capacity of developmental, genetic, and demographic mechanisms that populations have developed to deal with these alterations. How biodiversity is perceived and maintained affects ecosystem functioning as well as how the goods and services that ecosystems provide to humans can be used. Recognizing biodiversity is essential to preserve wildlife. Furthermore, the measure, management and protection of ecosystem biodiversity requires different and innovative approaches. For all these reasons, the aim of the present book is to give an up-to-date overview of the studies on biodiversity at all levels, in order to better understand the dynamics and the mechanisms at the basis of the richness of life forms both in terrestrial (including agro-ecosystems) and marine environments.

Download or read book Annual Report written by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: