Download or read book Grapevine Viruses Molecular Biology Diagnostics and Management written by Baozhong Meng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.

Download or read book Plant Pathology written by Christophe Lacomme and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Plant Pathology: Techniques and Protocols covers diagnostic methods that are currently used in laboratories for a broad range of plant species and matrixes. These include serological and molecular methods that have one or more of the following characteristics: suitability for high-throughput testing, detection of a group of pathogens or of sometimes uncharacterized pathogens, detection and identification of specific pathogens, and high sensitivity. This volume discusses qualitative and quantitative tests, as well as recently developed diagnostic methods. It also provides background information on many pathogens, which are either endemic, non-endemic, or emerging and with different lifecycles that cause diseases of significant importance in a wide variety of hosts. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, background information on pathogens and the disease caused, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Informative and cutting-edge, Plant Pathology: Techniques and Protocols, Second Edition is the perfect book for plant pathologists and molecular biologists who will use this information to test out the latest research in their laboratories.

Download or read book Plant Aging written by Roberto Rodríguez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many, the terms aging, maturation and senescence are synonymous and used interchangeably, but they should not be. Whereas senescence represents an endogenously controlled degenerative programme leading to plant or organ death, genetiC aging encompasses a wide array of passive degenerative genetiC processes driven primarily by exogenous factors (Leopold, 1975). Aging is therefore considered a consequence of genetiC lesions that accumulate over time, but by themselves do not necessarily cause death. These lesions are probably made more severe by the increase in size and complexity in trees and their attendant physiology. Thus while the withering of flower petals following pollination can be considered senescence, the loss of viability of stored seeds more clearly represents aging (Norden, 1988). The very recent book "Senescence and Aging in Plants" does not discuss trees, the most dominant group of plants on the earth. Yet both angiospermic and gymnospermic trees also undergo the above phenomena but less is known about them. Do woody plants senesce or do they just age? What is phase change? Is this synonymous with maturation? While it is now becoming recognized that there is no programmed senescence in trees, senescence of their parts, even in gymnosperms (e. g. , needles of temperate conifers las t an average of 3. 5 years), is common; but aging is a readily acknowledged phenomenon. In theory, at least, in the absence of any programmed senescence trees should -live forever, but in practice they do not.

Download or read book Pathogen and Microbial Contamination Management in Micropropagation written by Alan C. Cassells and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based mainly on invited and offered papers presented at the Second International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures held at University College, Cork, Ireland in September 1996, with additional invited papers. The First International Symposium on Bacterial and Bacteria-like Contaminants of Plant Tissue Cultures was held at the same venue in 1987 and was published as Acta Horticulturae volume 225, 1988. In the intervening years there have been considerable advances in both plant disease diagnostics and in the development of structured approaches to the management of disease and microbial contamination in micropropagation. These approaches have centred on attempts to separate, spatially, the problems of disease transmission and laboratory contamination. Disease-control is best achieved by establishing pathogen-free cultures while laboratory contamination is based on subsequent good working practice. Control of losses due to pathogens and microbial contamination in vitro addresses, arguably, the most importance causes of losses in the industry; nevertheless, losses at and post establishment can also be considerable due to poor quality microplants or micro-shoots. In this symposium, a holistic approach to pathogen and microbial contamination control is evident with the recognition that micropropagators must address pathogen and microbial contamination in vitro, and diseases and microplant failure at establishment. There is increasing interest in establishing beneficial bacterial and mycorrhizal association with microplants in vitro and in vivo.

Download or read book Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening written by G.B. Seymour and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is over 20 years since the publication of A.c. Hulme's two volume text on The Biochemistry of Fruits and thei.r Products. Whilst the bulk of the information contained in that text is still relevant it is true to say that our understanding of the biochemical and genetic mech

Download or read book Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding written by Jim F. Hancock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-21 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fully integrates the conventional and biotechnological approaches to fruit crop breeding. Individual chapters are written on a wide variety of species covering all the major fruit crops in one volume. For each crop, there is a discussion of their taxonomy and evolution, history of improvement, crossing techniques, evaluation methods, and heritability of major traits and germplasm resources. Also discussed are the most recent advances in genetic mapping and QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis, marker assisted breeding, gene cloning, gene expression analysis, regeneration and transformation. Patenting and licensing issues are also covered.

Download or read book Seed Borne Diseases of Agricultural Crops Detection Diagnosis Management written by Ravindra Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-18 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global population is increasing rapidly, and feeding the ever-increasing population poses a serious challenge for agriculturalists around the world. Seed is a basic and critical input in agriculture to ensure global food security. Roughly 90 percent of the crops grown all over the world are propagated by seed. However, seed can also harbour and spread pathogens, e.g. fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses etc., which cause devastating diseases. Seed-borne pathogens represent a major threat to crop establishment and yield. Hence, timely detection and diagnosis is a prerequisite for their effective management. The book "Seed-Borne Diseases of Agricultural Crops: Detection, Diagnosis & Management" addresses key issues related to seed-borne/transmitted diseases in various agricultural crops. Divided into 30 chapters, it offers a comprehensive compilation of papers concerning: the history of seed pathology, importance of seed-borne diseases, seed-borne diseases and quarantine, seed health testing and certification, detection and diagnosis of seed-borne diseases and their phytopathogens, host-parasite interactions during development of seed-borne diseases, diversity of seed-borne pathogens, seed-borne diseases in major agricultural crops, non-parasitic seed disorders, mechanisms of seed transmission and seed infection, storage fungi and mycotoxins, impact of seed-borne diseases on human and animal health, and management options for seed-borne diseases. We wish to thank all of the eminent researchers who contributed valuable chapters to our book, which will be immensely useful for students, researchers, academics, and all those involved in various agro-industries.

Download or read book Wine written by Merton Sandler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-12-19 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in wine science has grown enormously over the last two decades as the health benefits of moderate wine consumption have become firmly established in preventing heart disease, stroke, cancer and dementia. The growth of molecular biology has allowed proper investigation of grapevine identity and lineage and led to improvements in the winemak

Download or read book Histology Ultrastructure and Molecular Cytology of Plant Microorganism Interactions written by Michel Nicole and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants interact with a large number of microoganisms which have a major impact on their growth either by establishing mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships or by developing as pathogens at the expense of the plant with deleterious effects. These microorganisms differ greatly not only in their nature (viruses, phytoplasmas, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, ... ) but also in the way they contact, penetrate and invade their host. Histology and cytology have brought an essential contribution to our knowledge of these phenomena. They have told us for instance, how specialized structures of the pathogen are often involved in the adhesion and penetration into the plant, how the interface between both organisms is finely arranged at the cellular level, or what structural alterations affect the infected tissues. They have thus set the stage for the investigations of the underlying molecular mechanisms could be undertaken. Such investigations have been remarkably successful in the recent years, expanding considerably our understanding of plant-microorganism interactions in terms of biochemical changes, rapid modifications of enzymatic activities, coordinated gene activation, signal reception and transduction. Biochemistry, molecular biology and cellular physiology have taken precedence in the phytopathologist's set of methods.

Download or read book Graft transmissible Diseases of Grapevines written by International Council for the Study of Viruses and Virus Diseases of the Grapevine and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fruit and Vegetable Processing written by Wim Jongen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-08-13 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fruit and vegetables are both major food products in their own right and key ingredients in many processed foods. There has been growing research on their importance to health and techniques to preserve the nutritional and sensory qualities desired by consumers. This major collection summarises some of the key themes in this recent research.Part one looks at fruit, vegetables and health. There are chapters on the health benefits of increased fruit and vegetable consumption, antioxidants and improving the nutritional quality of processed fruits. Part two considers ways of managing safety and quality through the supply chain. A number of chapters discuss the production of fresh fruit and vegetables, looking at modelling, the use of HACCP systems and ways of maintaining postharvest quality. There are also two chapters on instrumentation for measuring quality. Two final chapters look at maintaining the safety and quality of processed fruit and vegetables. Part three reviews technologies to improve fruit and vegetable products. Two chapters consider how to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables during cultivation. The following three chapters then consider how postharvest handling can improve quality, covering minimal processing, new modified atmosphere packaging techniques and the use of edible coatings. Two final chapters discuss two major recent technologies in processing fruit and vegetables: high pressure processing and the use of vacuum technology.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Fruit and vegetable processing provides an authoritative review of key research on measuring and improving the quality of both fresh and processed fruits and vegetables. - Reviews recent research on improving the sensory, nutritional and functional qualities of fruit and vegetables, whether as fresh or processed products - Examines the importance of fruits and vegetables in processed foods and outlines techniques to preserve the nutritional and sensory qualities desired by consumers - Discusses two major technologies in processing fruits and vegetables: high pressure processing and the use of vacuum technology

Download or read book Effects of Red leaf Disease on Cabernet Sauvignon at the Oakville Experimental Vineyard and Mitigation by Harvest Delay and Crop Adjustment written by Benjamin L. Calvi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grapevines with foliar symptoms similar to leafroll or corky bark infections, but testing negative for the presence of known grape viruses, are often referred to as having "red-leaf" disease. In 2008, a block at the Oakville Experimental Vineyard in Napa Valley, California was observed to express symptoms fitting this description. The progression of red-leaf symptoms was mapped in 2008 and 2009 identifying symptomatic and asymptomatic vines. In 2010, this study aimed, firstly, to determine if Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines with red-leaf disease also expressed delayed maturation symptoms characteristic of the above viruses, and secondly, to test if those symptoms could be mitigated by harvest delay or crop adjustment. Effects of this red-leaf disease on both vegetative and fruit components were observed. Fruit on vines with red-leaf symptoms showed reduced sugar accumulation of 2.3 Brix compared to healthy controls, and the severity of red-leaf symptoms was directly correlated to a reduction in Brix. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, pruning weight, berry weight, and berry anthocyanin levels were also lower in diseased vines. Reduced sugar accumulation was somewhat mitigated by delaying harvest and adjusting crop to 50%, with early thinning having a greater impact than late thinning. When imposing a desired sugar level of 25 Brix, harvest was delayed in the early thinned, late thinned, and fully cropped diseased vines by 6, 9, and 15 days, respectively. Midday leaf water potential, juice acidity, and pH were unaffected by red-leaf symptoms or mitigation treatments. A lower ratio of leaf: petiole potassium and higher berry potassium levels in diseased vines support the theory of vascular blockage at the leaf-petiole boundary, and both translocation of solutes as well as berry metabolism appear to be affected by the suspected viral pathogen.

Download or read book Plant Virology Protocols written by Gary Foster and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2010-10-28 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the considerable success of the first edition of Plant Virology Protocols, this exciting new edition covers the many new techniques that are now applied to the examination and understanding of plant viruses. Each section presents the most novel methods and step-by-step reproducible laboratory protocols to allow researchers more effective approaches to study plant viruses. This updated book will prove indispensable to laboratory investigators studying plant viruses.

Download or read book Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry written by J.M. Bonga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of our book "Tissue Culture in Fores try" in 1982 we have witnessed remarkable advances in cell and tissue culture technologies with woody perennials. In addition to forest biologists in government, industry, and universities, we now have molecular biologists, genetic engineers, and biochemists using cell and tissue cultures of woody species routinely. There fore, the time has come for an update of the earlier edition. In our present effort to cover new developments we have expanded to three volumes: 1. General principles and Biotechnology 2. Specific Principles and Methods: Growth and Development 3. Case Histories: Gymnosperms, Angiosperms and Palms The scientific barriers to progress in tree improvement are not so much lack of foreign gene expression in plants but our current inabili ty to regenerate plants in true-to-type fashion on a mas sive and economic scale. To achieve this in the form of an appro pr iate biotechnology, cell and tissue culture will increasing ly require a better understanding of basic principles in chemistry and physics that determine structural and functional relationships among molecules and macromolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA) within cells and tissues. These principles and their relationship with the culture medium and its physical environment, principles of clonal propagation, and genetic variation and ultrastructure are discussed in volume one.

Download or read book Wine Science written by Ronald S. Jackson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wine Science, Third Edition, covers the three pillars of wine science – grape culture, wine production, and sensory evaluation. It takes readers on a scientific tour into the world of wine by detailing the latest discoveries in this exciting industry. From grape anatomy to wine and health, this book includes coverage of material not found in other enology or viticulture texts including details on cork and oak, specialized wine making procedures, and historical origins of procedures. Author Ronald Jackson uniquely breaks down sophisticated techniques, allowing the reader to easily understand wine science processes. This updated edition covers the chemistry of red wine color, origin of grape varietyies, wine language, significance of color and other biasing factors to wine perception, various meanings and significance of wine oxidation. It includes significant additional coverage on brandy and ice wine production as well as new illustrations and color photos. This book is recommended for grape growers, fermentation technologists; students of enology and viticulture, enologists, and viticulturalists. NEW to this edition:* Extensive revision and additions on: chemistry of red wine color, origin of grape varietyies, wine language, significance of color and other biasing factors to wine perception, various meanings and significance of wine oxidation* Significant additional coverage on brandy and ice wine production* New illustrations and color photos

Download or read book Directory of Infectious Diseases of Grapevines and Viroses and Virus like Diseases of the Grapevine written by Giovanni P. Martelli and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plant Virus and Viroid Diseases in the Tropics written by K. Subramanya Sastry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant virus and sub-viral pathogens pose severe constraints to the production of wide range of economically important crops worldwide. The crops raised both through true seed and vegetative propagated materials are affected with number of virus and virus-like diseases. The virus may enter into plants through seed planting materials or by vectors. Once the virus is in the field, it multiplies and spreads following definite patterns depending upon the nature of the vector and agro-meteorological conditions. Disease free crops and plants are great economic and social importance in feeding the world's population. Detection of virus and sub-viral agents at initial stages of infection is critical to reduce economic losses. For nearly two decades, ELISA and its variants played a major role in large scale virus testing and also in the production of virus-free planting materials.