Download or read book Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations of High Nature Value Farmland and Links with Changes in Bird Populations written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Birds as Useful Indicators of High Nature Value Farmlands written by Federico Morelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book helps to establish a simple framework to identify and use bird species as a bioindicator for high nature value (HNV) farmlands. This book focuses on suitable methods for monitoring the HNV areas, and presents the results of several case studies. The chapters put forward ways to integrate ecosystems assessment, geographical information systems (GIS) and strategies for conservation of local biodiversity. An innovative framework focuses on the use of species distribution models (SDMs) in order to explore the importance of each characteristic of HNV farmlands. Furthermore, the book examines the relationships among bird species richness, land use diversity and landscape metrics at a local scale in the farmlands.
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Variations of High Nature Value Farmland written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AIIA 2022 Biosystems Engineering Towards the Green Deal written by Vito Ferro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 1202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of biosystems engineering, as presented at the 12th Conference of the Italian Association of Agricultural Engineering (AIIA), held in Palermo, Italy, on September 19-22, 2022. Focusing on the challenges of improving the resilience of agriculture, forestry and food systems in the post-Covid era, it shows how the research has addressed the following topics: Monitoring and modelling hydraulic and hydrological processes in agriculture and forestry systems; Challenges in stream rehabilitation and soil conservation strategies; Sustainable water resource management under climate change scenarios; Planning safe, healthy and resilient territorial, built and green systems; Cultural heritage preservation and rural landscape protection, planning and management; Plant and livestock production processes and technologies. Healthy and Organic farming. Animal welfare; Energy, waste and by-products smart use; Post-harvest logistics and food chain structures technology; Applications and experiences in smart agriculture and forestry; One Health, management and standardization for agriculture and forestry machinery and structures; Big data, machine learning and data hub in biosystems engineering. The contributions were selected by a rigorous peer-review process, and offer an extensive and multidisciplinary overview of the research in the field of biosystems engineering for sustainable agriculture.
Download or read book Farming and Birds written by Raymond J. O'Connor and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1990-03-22 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This attractively illustrated book reviews the effects of agricultural development on bird populations in Britain. Examining modern farmland as a bird habitat, it explains the changes, both in habitat structure and in available resources, that have occurred as a result of mechanisation and use of agrochemicals. Farmland bird communities are described, and their composition related to farm structure and land use. Based extensively on empirical data extracted from the British Trust for Ornithology's Common Bird Census and from nest histories recorded in the BTO'S Nest Record Scheme, the book presents an important analysis of the position of agricultural bird populations under modern farming systems. Particular examination has been made of the impact of changing methods, rotations and crops, which have been underestimated in the past. Resulting from the co-operation between a professional ornithologist and a working cereal farmer, this book provides an objective and informed view of the impact of British agriculture on bird populations.
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Determinants of Finnish Farmland Bird Populations written by Markus Piha and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 2290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene, Five Volume Set presents a currency-based, global synthesis cataloguing the impact of humanity’s global ecological footprint. Covering a multitude of aspects related to Climate Change, Biodiversity, Contaminants, Geological, Energy and Ethics, leading scientists provide foundational essays that enable researchers to define and scrutinize information, ideas, relationships, meanings and ideas within the Anthropocene concept. Questions widely debated among scientists, humanists, conservationists, politicians and others are included, providing discussion on when the Anthropocene began, what to call it, whether it should be considered an official geological epoch, whether it can be contained in time, and how it will affect future generations. Although the idea that humanity has driven the planet into a new geological epoch has been around since the dawn of the 20th century, the term ‘Anthropocene’ was only first used by ecologist Eugene Stoermer in the 1980s, and hence popularized in its current meaning by atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen in 2000. Presents comprehensive and systematic coverage of topics related to the Anthropocene, with a focus on the Geosciences and Environmental science Includes point-counterpoint articles debating key aspects of the Anthropocene, giving users an even-handed navigation of this complex area Provides historic, seminal papers and essays from leading scientists and philosophers who demonstrate changes in the Anthropocene concept over time
Download or read book High Nature Value Farming in Europe written by Rainer Oppermann and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "High Nature Value (HNV) farming is inherently valuable for biodiversity and forms a living cultural and natural heritage. HNV farmland comprises semi-natural pastures, meadows and orchards, as well as species-rich arable land, and often retains a wealth of landscape features. HNV farming is present in all European countries, with a diversity of types and extent. Apart from being the cornerstone of European farmland biodiversity, these types of farming provide a multitude of other services for society, including sustainable rural economies, and the rich social fabric and character of Europe's landscapes. The environmental, socio-cultural and territorial significance of HNV farming is increasingly recognised, but greater awareness is needed amongst policy makers and the wider public. This book presents an overview of HNV farming across 35 European countries, describing the main characteristics and presenting examples of farming systems, farms and farmers."--Publisher.
Download or read book The Nature of Farming written by David Baldock and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this study was to compile information on the character and distribution of low intensity farmland systems in Europe, from a primarily nature conservation perspective. Most of the information is drawn from national studies. The conclusions include some consideration of policy issues, particularly for the EU countries
Download or read book Spatial Pattern and Temporal Dynamics of Northern Bobwhite Abundance and Agricultural Land Use and Potential Casual Factors written by Atiye Zeynep Okay and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There was a long-term decline in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus, NBW) abundance since the 1920s, based on the Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data, but with substantial spatial and temporal variations across its range. There were four recognizable periods in the spatial and temporal dynamics of NBW abundance between1920 and 1990. Severe weather conditions and habitat loss due to land use change appeared to be the most important factors influencing the long-term trends and spatial patterns in NBW abundance. A spatial database of agricultural land use was developed based on the Census of Agriculture to evaluate the spatial patterns of land use variables over NBW range from1920 to 1997. The results showed dramatic changes in land use over the period and the influence of socio-economic events, natural disasters and federal agricultural policies on the dynamics of land use pattern, and potential implications to NBW abundance were identified. Replacement of less intensive agriculture with intensive monoculture production and mechanization coincided with World War I, and the post-war collapse in agriculture and the economy, partly associated with the Dust Bowl, enhanced this trend. Monoculture production and clean farming practices were further intensified during World War II and the years following the war. These land use changes had overall negative effects on NBW habitat. Analysis of the changes in spatial pattern of NBW abundance in the Great Plains region during the severe drought of the 1950s showed a significant decline in NBW abundance during the drought and a contraction of the NBW range at its western edge. The post-drought recovery exhibited spatial patterns significantly different from the predrought ones. These findings suggested that severe drought caused short-term changes in regional distribution of NBW and range contraction, as well as long-lasting, large-scale changes in spatial distribution of NBW abundance. This study provides scientific basis for landscape planning and management. Evaluating the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of certain wildlife species at large scales over long-term periods, and identifying potential causal factors are key strategies for implementing innovative and sustainable approaches to planning and policy. Such strategies will have a significant impact on future landscape and wildlife species.
Download or read book Birds and Climate Change written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-13 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature and other climate variables are currently changing at a dramatic rate. As observations have shown, these climatic changes have serious consequences for all organisms and their ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Birds are excellent model organisms, with a very active metabolism, they are highly sensitive to environmental changes and as highly mobile creatures they are also extremely reactive. Birds and Climate Change discusses our current knowledge of observed changes and provides guidelines for studies in the years to come so we can document and understand how patterns of changing weather conditions may affect birds. Provides reviews of long-term datasets Incorporates meta-analyses of studies about climate change effects on birds Includes guidelines and suggestions for further studies
Download or read book Direct and Indirect Drivers of Grassland Bird Population Declines and Settlement Decisions Over Broad Spatial and Temporal Scales written by Dylan J. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many North American bird populations are declining, and of those, grassland bird populations are declining most rapidly, having been reduced by about half since 1970. Such declines are difficult to study, both because grasslands are characterized and maintained by disturbance, and because grassland birds have a high propensity for dispersal. The primary cause for population declines is habitat loss. For example, only ~14% of pre-European colonization eastern tallgrass prairie remains intact. Even where habitat remains, many species continue to decline, and these declines may be due to reductions in reproductive success. One potential cause of these local declines is the encroachment of woody vegetation on grasslands, which for grassland birds reduces the overall amount and degrades the quality of usable habitat. In addition, local demographic changes cause-and are caused by-regional- or continental-scale patterns. Thus, broad spatial approaches are needed to best understand the drivers of demographic change. In my first chapter, I sought to identify whether woody encroachment, via reductions in reproductive success, can explain changes in population abundance. I compiled and analyzed data on nest contents and nest success collected at Konza Prairie Biological station over nearly five decades. Nest success did not change since 1971, but the frequency of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) brood parasitism increased. In addition, grassland obligates were harder hit than species that prefer woodier habitat, supporting the idea that grassland degradation most strongly affects birds that rely on pristine prairie. In chapter 2, I tested alternative mechanisms linking the high degree of climatic variability in the Great Plains to inter-annual fluctuations breeding distribution and local abundance of a common grassland bird species, Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus). I used 11 years of citizen science data from eBird spanning the entire Great Plains to determine whether overwinter mortality, temperature during migration, or precipitation during the preceding year's growing season and vegetation phenology best predicted local abundance. The start date of the growing season and the total precipitation in the preceding year's growing season correlated most strongly with sparrows' interannual settlement decisions. Local abundance was highest in areas where the growing season started before March and where the preceding year's growing season precipitation was low. The drivers of population declines and movement decisions in grassland birds are complex and often indirect or delayed. As grasslands face ongoing anthropogenic threats ranging from agricultural development to fire suppression and climate change, identifying the distributional and demographic responses of grassland birds will be crucial to conserving this declining group of species.
Download or read book Bird Species written by Dieter Thomas Tietze and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The average person can name more bird species than they think, but do we really know what a bird “species” is? This open access book takes up several fascinating aspects of bird life to elucidate this basic concept in biology. From genetic and physiological basics to the phenomena of bird song and bird migration, it analyzes various interactions of birds – with their environment and other birds. Lastly, it shows imminent threats to birds in the Anthropocene, the era of global human impact. Although it seemed to be easy to define bird species, the advent of modern methods has challenged species definition and led to a multidisciplinary approach to classifying birds. One outstanding new toolbox comes with the more and more reasonably priced acquisition of whole-genome sequences that allow causative analyses of how bird species diversify. Speciation has reached a final stage when daughter species are reproductively isolated, but this stage is not easily detectable from the phenotype we observe. Culturally transmitted traits such as bird song seem to speed up speciation processes, while another behavioral trait, migration, helps birds to find food resources, and also coincides with higher chances of reaching new, inhabitable areas. In general, distribution is a major key to understanding speciation in birds. Examples of ecological speciation can be found in birds, and the constant interaction of birds with their biotic environment also contributes to evolutionary changes. In the Anthropocene, birds are confronted with rapid changes that are highly threatening for some species. Climate change forces birds to move their ranges, but may also disrupt well-established interactions between climate, vegetation, and food sources. This book brings together various disciplines involved in observing bird species come into existence, modify, and vanish. It is a rich resource for bird enthusiasts who want to understand various processes at the cutting edge of current research in more detail. At the same time it offers students the opportunity to see primarily unconnected, but booming big-data approaches such as genomics and biogeography meet in a topic of broad interest. Lastly, the book enables conservationists to better understand the uncertainties surrounding “species” as entities of protection.
Download or read book Farming and Birds written by Ian Newton and published by William Collins. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the underlying topography, the scenery over most of Britain has been created largely by human activities. Over the centuries, landscapes have been continually modified as human needs and desires have changed. Each major change in land use has brought changes to the native plants and animals, continually altering the distribution and abundance of species. This is apparent from the changes in vegetation and animal populations that were documented in historical times, but even more so in those that have occurred since the Second World War. More than seventy per cent of Britain's land surface is currently used for crop or livestock production, and in recent decades farming has experienced a major revolution. Not only has it become more thoroughly mechanised, it has also become heavily dependent on synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, and increasingly large-scale in its operation. These changes have brought crop yields and livestock production to levels previously considered unattainable. However, such high yields have been achieved only at huge financial and environmental costs. One of the most conspicuous, and best documented, consequences of modern agriculture has been a massive loss of wildlife, including birds. In this timely addition to the New Naturalist Library, Ian Newton discusses the changes that have occurred in British agriculture over the past seventy years, and the effects they have had on bird populations. He explains how different farming procedures have affected birds and other wildlife, and how an understanding of the processes involved could help in future conservation.
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on High Altitude Ecosystems written by Münir Öztürk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers studies on the systematics of plant taxa and will include general vegetational aspects and ecological characteristics of plant life at altitudes above 1000 m. from different parts of the world. This volume also addresses how upcoming climate change scenarios will impact high altitude plant life. It presents case studies from the most important mountainous areas like the Himalayas, Caucasus and South America covering the countries like Malaysia, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Kirghizia, Georgia, Russia,Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Americas. The book will serve as an invaluable resource source undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers.
Download or read book Bird Conservation and Agriculture written by Jeremy D. Wilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing for researchers, professionals and graduate students, the authors summarize the collapse of populations of many farmland bird species in the 20th century, one of the biggest conservation problems of the day. They firstly set the historical context of change in agriculture and bird communities since the 18th century, and introduce the bird communities of agricultural land today. They then provide an overview of this very active area of applied conservation science, including in-depth case studies of 16 species that, taken together, illustrate the many ways that agricultural intensification has affected bird populations. Moreover, they show how this evidence base, coupled with recent greening of agriculture policy, has provided opportunities to manage agricultural land to better integrate the needs of food production and bird conservation. They conclude by looking forward to challenges that the conservation of bird populations on agricultural land is likely to face in the near future.
