Download or read book Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soot written by R. J. Martin and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soot Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Aircraft Turbine Engine Exhaust by Gas Chromatography mass Spectrometry written by Narciso Raya-Ruiz and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot samples were extracted in methylene chloride and concentrated in a Kuderna-Danish apparatus.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soot Formation in Combustion written by Henning Bockhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot Formation in Combustion represents an up-to-date overview. The contributions trace back to the 1991 Heidelberg symposium entitled "Mechanism and Models of Soot Formation" and have all been reedited by Prof. Bockhorn in close contact with the original authors. The book gives an easy introduction to the field for newcomers, and provides detailed treatments for the specialists. The following list of contents illustrates the topics under review:
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Download or read book Modelling Interactions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Soot Formation written by Timothy Stephen Totton and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theoretical Modelling and Mechanistic Study of the Formation and Atmospheric Transformations of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Carbonaceous Particles written by Antonius Indarto and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2010-06-11 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot share the same origin (incomplete combustion or pyrolysis) and nature, namely structural and electronic features. The purpose of the research work discussed in this thesis is to offer a theoretical contribution to elucidate some aspects of PAH and soot particle formation. The interest in carrying out such a work lies on one hand in the ubiquitous presence of both species in the environment, on the other hand on the concern for their impact on both human health, specifically involving the respiratory system, and climate, in particular as regards global warming. Thus, a better knowledge on the formation mechanisms of PAHs and soot could then help the efforts to reduce their concentration in our atmosphere. Since the formation mechanisms still presents unclear aspects, the suggestions and indications which can be offered by a theoretical study come out to be complementary to the large amount of experimental data collected so far. In setting up models aimed to mimic what happens in real pyrolysis or combustion situations, we have exploited the fact that PAHs and soot share as a common trait the presence of condensed unsaturated cycles (whose aromatic character can be variable). Thus, though types of soot of different origin will exhibit, on a larger scale, a variety of structural traits, we have chosen an assortment of PAH-like models to study different processes, together with other smaller unsaturated closed and open shell species that are known to play a role in the synthesis course. A preliminary phase of the study was aimed to assess which computational level could be both dependable and affordable to investigate the growth of a PAH-like radical when it is adsorbed onto soot platelets (particle phase). Then the Bittner-Howard variant of the widely accepted Hydrogen Abstraction Acetylene Addition (HACA) growth mechanism has been explored by Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the level mentioned above, both in the gas and particle phases, and over a wide range of temperatures. A parallel mechanism, differing from HACA, based on polyynes and characterized by the proliferation of radical centers, has also been studied for a variety of models at a multiconfigurational theory level. To the end, we have explored several reaction pathways starting from the addition of the propargyl radical to butadiyne.
Download or read book Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules written by Serban C. Moldoveanu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules with Applications to Health and Environmental Issues, the 28th volume in the Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry series, gives a systematic and comprehensive description of pyrolysis of non-polymeric organic molecules. Pyrolysis is involved in many practical applications as well as in many common human activities, but harmful compounds can be generated in the process. The study of pyrolysis and of the formation of undesirable compounds as a result of pyrolytic processes is of considerable interest to chemists, chemical engineers, and toxicologists. Pyrolysis results for compounds not previously studied or reported Updated information from a large body of results published on pyrolysis of individual compounds or classes of compounds Information on mechanisms and kinetics of numerous pyrolytic processes
Download or read book Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties written by J. Lahaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid and solid phases. In the late sixties, we began to study soot formation in pyrolytic systems and later on in flames. The idea of organ1z1ng a meeting on soot formation originated some four or five years ago, through discussions among Professor J.B. Howard, Dr. A. D'Alessio and ourselves. At that time the scientific community was becoming aware of the necessity to strictly control soot formation and emission. Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation of soot, we realized that the combustion community was not always fully aware of the progress made by the physical-chemists on carbon black. Reciprocally, the carbon specialists were often ignoring the research carried out on soot in flames. One objective of this workshop was to stimulate discussions between these two scientific communities. During the preparation of the meeting, and especially during the review process by the Material Science Committee of the Scientific Affairs Division of N.A.T.O. the toxicological aspect emerged as being an important component to be addressed during the workshop. To reflect these preoccupations we invited biologists, physical chemists and engineers, all leaders in their field. The final programme is a compromise of the different aspects of the subject and was divided in five sessions.
Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Bjorseth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-12-06 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concerns sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), their emission factors, and relative importance. It deals with exposure, uptake, metabolism, and detection of PAH in the human body. The volume contains an update of information in environmental and biochemical studies of PAH.
Download or read book Soot and Pah Formation in Counterflow Non premixed Flames Atmospheric Butane and Butanol Isomers and Elevated pressure Ethylene written by Pradeep K Singh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the complexity of the fluid dynamics and non-linear reactions in the combustion zone, a simplified approach to study this process is required. Given these complexities, it is practically very challenging to take measurements in very high temperature and pressure zones in practical combustion systems, and if by any means those measurements can be made, it is equally challenging to analyze those measurements. Hence, in order to more comprehensively understand these processes, the problem needs to be resolved into the smaller and controllable sub-category of experiments, by creating laminar flamelets. One approach used in creating these flamelets is by establishing simplified non-premixed flames in the counterflow configuration. Alongwith all the fundamental properties of combustion, it is important to study the health hazard and environmentally detrimental emissions, such as soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Such combustion studies need to be carried out using the non-intrusive in-situ optical diagnostics measurement techniques, such as the Laser Induced Incandescence (LII), Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and Light Extinction (LE). These measurements for renewable biofuels aid in better understanding of the soot formation process, as well as in developing the fuel specific knowledge to bring them into commercial use. Furthermore since the most practical combustion systems operate at elevated pressures, it is also important to understand the soot formation process under elevated pressure conditions. Considering these, in the current study, the soot and PAH formation processes for butane and butanol isomers (C4 fuels) at atmospheric pressure; and for ethylene at elevated pressure have been experimentally investigated and compared in a counterflow non-premixed flame configuration. Under the investigated conditions, butane isomers were observed to form more soot than butanol isomers, thereby showing the effect of the hydroxyl group. The effects of isomeric structural differences on sooting propensity were also observed within the butane and butanol isomers. In addition, while soot volume fraction was seen to increase with increasing fuel mole fraction, the ranking of sooting propensity for these C4 fuels remained unchanged. For the conditions studied, the sooting tendency ranking generally follows n-butane > iso-butane > tert-butanol > n-butanol > iso-butanol > sec-butanol. . The counterflow non-premixed flames were also simulated using the gas-phase chemical kinetic models, USC Mech II [1], Sarathy et al. [2] and Merchant et al. [3] available in the literature to compute the spatially-resolved profiles of soot precursors, including acetylene and propargyl. For these C4 fuels, the PAHs of various aromatic ring size groups (2, 3, 4, and larger aromatic rings) have been characterized and compared in non-premixed combustion configuration. In particular, the formation and growth of the PAHs of different aromatic ring sizes in these counterflow flames was examined by tracking the PAH-PLIF signals at various detection wavelengths. PAH-PLIF experiments were conducted, by blending each of the branched-chain isomers with the baseline straight-chain isomer, in order to study the synergistic effects. The fuel structure effects on the PAH formation and growth processes were also analyzed by comparing the PAH growth pathways for these C4 fuels. A chemical kinetic model, POLIMI mechanism [4-7], available in the literature that includes both the fuel oxidation and the PAH chemistry was also used to simulate and compare the PAH species up to A4 rings. Counterflow non-premixed sooting ethylene‒air flames with fuel mole fractions of 0.20‒0.40 in the pressure range of 1‒6 atm were investigated experimentally with the laser diagnostic techniques of LII, PLIF and LE. A better understating of the quantitative soot formation process has been developed for ethylene counterflow flames under elevated pressure conditions. The effect of pressure on the formation of PAHs with different aromatic ring sizes has also been determined qualitatively. With increase in pressure, the increase in soot volume fraction and PAH-PLIF signals were observed. A chemical kinetic model available in the literature, that includes both the fuel oxidation and the PAH chemistry, was also used to simulate and compare the PAH species up to A4 rings. At the incipient stage of the PAH formation, the simulated results exhibited similar behavior to the experimental observations. A chemical kinetic model, WF-PAH mechanism [8], available in the literature was also used to compute the PAHs up to four aromatic rings. This chemical kinetic model predicted enhancing PAHs formation with an increase in pressure, consistent with the experimental trend.
Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.
Download or read book Deposition of Air Pollutants to the Great Waters written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PAH and Soot Formation in Premixed Flames written by Tyler Reed Melton and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Work Atmospheres written by Alf Bjorseth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the sources, distribution, analytical methods, and monitoring of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the occupational environment. It is hoped that this book will make a contribution to understanding the formation and determination of PAH in work atmosphere and that it will make a particular contribution to occupational health projects. Much of the information given in this book has been generating in studies carried out in cooperation with the Norwegian aluminium industry.
Download or read book The Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Soot in a Jet stirred plug flow Reactor written by Frederick Warren Lam and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
