Download or read book Analysis of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Using Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography mass Spectrometry written by June Seng Woo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Quality Determination of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAH in Whole Water Samples Method Using Solid Phase Extraction SPE with SPE Disks Combined with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry GC MS written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1915-09-30 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, Quality, Water testing, Chemical analysis and testing, Determination of content, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Potable water, Chromatography, Thin-layer chromatography, Fluorimetry, Extraction methods of analysis
Download or read book Investigations Into the Extraction and the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs from Water by Solid phase Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry written by Mohamed Elrutb and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors affecting the detennination of PAHs by capillary GC/MS were studied. The effect of the initial column temperature and the injection solvent on the peak areas and heights of sixteen PAHs, considered as priority pollutants, USillg crosslinked methyl silicone (DB!) and 5% diphenyl, 94% dimethyl, 1% vinyl polysiloxane (DBS) columns was examined. The possibility of using high boiling point alcohols especially butanol, pentanol, cyclopentanol, and hexanol as injection solvents was investigated. Studies were carried out to optimize the initial column temperature for each of the alcohols. It was found that the optimum initial column temperature is dependent on the solvent employed. The peak areas and heights of the PAHs are enhanced when the initial column temperature is 10-20 c above the boiling point of the solvent using DB5 column, and the same or 10 C above the boiling point of the solvent using DB1 column. Comparing the peak signals of the PAHs using the alcohols, p-xylene, n-octane, and nonane as injection solvents, hexanol gave the greatest peak areas and heights of the PAHs particularly the late-eluted peaks. The detection limits were at low pg levels, ranging from 6.0 pg for fluorene t9 83.6 pg for benzo(a)pyrene. The effect of the initial column temperature on the peak shape and the separation efficiency of the PARs was also studied using DB1 and DB5 columns. Fronting or splitting of the peaks was obseIVed at very low initial column temperature. When high initial column temperature was used, tailing of the peaks appeared. Great difference between DB! and.DB5 columns in the range of the initial column temperature in which symmetrical.peaks of PAHs can be obtained is observed. Wider ranges were shown using DB5 column. Resolution of the closely-eluted PAHs was also affected by the initial column temperature depending on the stationary phase employed. In the case of DB5, only the earlyeluted PAHs were affected; whereas, with DB1, all PAHs were affected. An analytical procedure utilizing solid phase extraction with bonded phase silica (C8) cartridges combined with GC/MS was developed to analyze PAHs in water as an alternative method to those based on the extraction with organic solvent. This simple procedure involved passing a 50 ml of spiked water sample through C8 bonded phase silica cartridges at 10 ml/min, dried by passing a gentle flow of nitrogen at 20 ml/min for 30 sec, and eluting the trapped PAHs with 500 Jll of p-xylene at 0.3 ml/min. The recoveries of PAHs were greater than 80%, with less than 10% relative standard deviations of nine determinations. No major contaminants were present that could interfere with the recognition of PAHs. It was also found that these bonded phase silica cartridges can be re-used for the extraction of PAHs from water.
Download or read book Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Plasma by Solid Phase Extraction gas Chromatography mass Spectrometry written by Nor Amiera Mohd. Norizan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods of Analysis by the U S Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory written by Mary C. Olson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Relative Response Factors in Solid Phase Micro Extraction GC MS for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water written by Tomi Schebywolok and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is routinely used to analyze polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water. A common SPME-GC/MS approach quantifies target analytes using isotopically labeled standards (IISs); one IIS is needed for each target analyte. This approach is challenging, even prohibitive since IISs are often expensive; moreover, they are generally not available for each analyte of interest. This study developed a novel SPME-GC/MS approach for the quantification of PAHs in water. The new method, which employs only a small number of IISs, uses relative response factor (RRF) (i.e., analyte corresponding to IIS) to quantify PAHs in water. Possible matrix dependency of RRFs values was examined using water that was modified concerning different physical-chemical characteristics (i.e., ionic strength, pH, suspended solids, humic acid, and biological organic carbon represented by hemoglobin). The results revealed that RRFs are not noticeably affected by changing ionic strength and pH; the other three parameters did affect the RRFs. However, the results also showed that the effect is minimal when the solution is dilute (i.e., low concentrations of suspended solids, humic acid or hemoglobin). Relatively stable RRFs for dilute water solutions indicates that this approach can be used for routine quantification of water that does not contain prohibitive amounts of suspended solids, humic acid, and biological organic matter. The developed method was employed to quantify trace levels of PAHs in three different types of water, namely river water, well water, and bottled water. PAH levels in every kind of water were less than 100 ng/L level (i.e., 0.1 ppb). Analyses of spiked water samples containing 2 ng PAHs revealed correlations between calculated RRFs and the physical-chemical properties of the PAHs investigated (i.e., vapor pressure, boiling point, octanol/water partition coefficient, octanol/air partition coefficient, GC retention time). This implies that RRFs for PAHs not examined in this study can be predicted. Overall, the results presented herein constitute a meaningful contribution to the development of SPME-GC/MS methods for quantitative analysis of PAHs and other chemicals in dilute aqueous solutions. Moreover, the development of methods that alleviate the need for IISs corresponding to each target analyte.
Download or read book Novel Improvements on the Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Metabolites written by Wang Huiyong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.
Download or read book Application of Solid Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatograph mass Spectrometry for Trace Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Atmospheric Wet and Dry Deposition Samples written by Pakorn Varanusupakul and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations Into the Extraction and the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs from Water by Solid phase Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography written by Elrutb, Mohamed and published by 1993.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Quality Determination of Selected Polybrominated Diphenly Ether PBDE in Whole Water Samples Method Using Solid Phase Extraction SPE with SPE Disks Combined with Gas Chromatography mass Spectrometry GC MS written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1915-09-30 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, Quality, Water testing, Chemical analysis and testing, Determination of content, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Potable water, Chromatography, Thin-layer chromatography, Fluorimetry, Extraction methods of analysis
Download or read book Determination of Semivolatile Organic Compounds and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Solids by Gas Chromatography mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Green Analytical Chemistry written by Justyna Płotka-Wasylka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book explains the principles and fundamentals of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and highlights the current developments and future potential of the analytical green chemistry-oriented applications of various solutions. The book consists of sixteen chapters, including the history and milestones of GAC; issues related to teaching of green analytical chemistry and greening the university laboratories; evaluation of impact of analytical activities on the environmental and human health, direct techniques of detection, identification and determination of trace constituents; new achievements in the field of extraction of trace analytes from samples characterized by complex composition of the matrix; “green” nature of the derivatization process in analytical chemistry; passive techniques of sampling of analytes; green sorption materials used in analytical procedures; new types of solvents in the field of analytical chemistry. In addition green chromatography and related techniques, fast tests for assessment of the wide spectrum of pollutants in the different types of the medium, remote monitoring of environmental pollutants, qualitative and comparative evaluation, quantitative assessment, and future trends and perspectives are discussed. This book appeals to a wide readership of the academic and industrial researchers. In addition, it can be used in the classroom for undergraduate and graduate Ph.D. students focusing on elaboration of new analytical procedures for organic and inorganic compounds determination in different kinds of samples characterized by complex matrices composition.Jacek Namieśnik was a Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland. Justyna Płotka-Wasylka is a teacher and researcher at the same department.
Download or read book Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry written by Somenath Mitra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-04-07 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of accurate sample preparation techniques cannot be overstated--meticulous sample preparation is essential. Often overlooked, it is the midway point where the analytes from the sample matrix are transformed so they are suitable for analysis. Even the best analytical techniques cannot rectify problems generated by sloppy sample pretreatment. Devoted entirely to teaching and reinforcing these necessary pretreatment steps, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry addresses diverse aspects of this important measurement step. These include: * State-of-the-art extraction techniques for organic and inorganic analytes * Sample preparation in biological measurements * Sample pretreatment in microscopy * Surface enhancement as a sample preparation tool in Raman and IR spectroscopy * Sample concentration and clean-up methods * Quality control steps Designed to serve as a text in an undergraduate or graduate level curriculum, Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and materials sciences.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment written by Leo M.L. Nollet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed handbook covers different chromatographic analysis techniques and chromatographic data for compounds found in air, water, and soil, and sludge. The new edition outlines developments relevant to environmental analysis, especially when using chromatographic mass spectrometric techniques. It addresses new issues, new lines of discussion, and new findings, and develops in greater detail the aspects related to chromatographic analysis in the environment. It also includes different analytical methodologies, addresses instrumental aspects, and outlines conclusions and perspectives for the future.
Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.
Download or read book Solid Phase Microextraction written by Gangfeng Ouyang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive information on the developments and applications of the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique. The first part of the book briefly introduces readers to the fundamentals of SPME, while subsequent sections describe the applications of SPME technique in detail, including environmental analysis (air, water, soil/sediments), food analysis (volatile/nonvolatile compounds), and bioanalysis (plants, animal tissues, body fluids). The advantages and future challenges of the SPME technique are also discussed. Including recent research advances and further developments of SPME, the book offers a practical reference guide and a valuable resource for researchers and users of SPME techniques. The target audience includes analytical chemists, environmental scientists, biological scientists, material scientists, and analysts, as well as students at universities/institutes in related fields. Dr. Gangfeng Ouyang is a Professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, China. Dr. Ruifen Jiang is an Associate Professor at the School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
