Download or read book Analysis of Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Vents in Yellowstone Lake Yellowstone National Park Using 16S RDNA Functional Metabolic Genes and Enrichment Culture Methods written by Andrew M. Wier and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Communities and Chemosynthesis in Yellowstone Lake Sublacustrine Hydrothermal Vent Waters written by Tingting Yang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five sublacustrine thermal spring locations from 1 to 109 m water depth in Yellowstone Lake were surveyed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing in relation to their chemical composition and dark CO2 fixation rates. They harbor distinct chemosynthetic bacterial communities, depending on temperature (16-110°C) and electron donor supply (H2S 1 to 100 ?M; NH3 0.5 to 10 ?M). Members of the Aquificales, most closely affiliated with the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium, are the most frequently recovered bacterial 16S rRNA gene phylotypes in the hottest samples; the detection of these thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing autotrophs coincided with maximal dark CO2 fixation rates reaching near 9 ?M C h-1 at temperatures of 50-60°C. Vents at lower temperatures yielded mostly phylotypes related to the mesophilic gammaproteobacterial sulfur oxidizer Thiovirga. In contrast, cool vent water with low chemosynthetic activity yielded predominantly phylotypes related to freshwater Actinobacterial clusters with a cosmopolitan distribution.

Download or read book Geothermal Biology and Geochemistry in Yellowstone National Park written by William Parks Inskeep and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Community Analysis of PH 4 Thermal Springs in Yellowstone National Park written by Xiaoben Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pH of the majority of thermal springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) is from 1 to 3 and 6 to 10; relatively few springs (~5%) have a pH range of 4?5. We used 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to investigate microbial communities sampled from four pH 4 thermal springs collected from four regions of YNP that differed in their fluid temperature and geochemistry. Our results revealed that the composition of bacterial communities varied among the sites, despite sharing similar pH values. The taxonomic composition and metabolic functional potential of the site with the lowest temperature (55 °C), a thermal spring from the Seven Mile Hole (SMH) area, were further investigated using shotgun metagenome sequencing. The taxonomic classification, based on 372 Mbp of unassembled metagenomic reads, indicated that this community included a high proportion of Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. Functional comparison with other YNP thermal spring metagenomes indicated that the SMH metagenome was enriched in genes related to energy production and conversion, transcription, and carbohydrate transport. Analysis of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism revealed assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction pathways, whereas the majority of genes involved in sulfur metabolism were related to the reduction of sulfate to adenylylsulfate, sulfite, and H2S. Given that pH 4 thermal springs are relatively less common in YNP and thermal areas worldwide, they may harbor novel microbiota and the communities that inhabit them deserve further investigation.

Download or read book Predominant Acidilobus Like Populations from Geothermal Environments in Yellowstone National Park Exhibit Similar Metabolic Potential in Different Hypoxic Microbial Communities written by Zackary J. Jay and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-temperature (>70°C) ecosystems in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) provide an unparalleled opportunity to study chemotrophic archaea and their role in microbial community structure and function under highly constrained geochemical conditions. Acidilobus spp. (order Desulfurococcales) comprise one of the dominant phylotypes in hypoxic geothermal sulfur sediment and Fe(III)-oxide environments along with members of the Thermoproteales and Sulfolobales. Consequently, the primary goals of the current study were to analyze and compare replicate de novo sequence assemblies of Acidilobus-like populations from four different mildly acidic (pH 3.3 to 6.1) high-temperature (72°C to 82°C) environments and to identify metabolic pathways and/or protein-encoding genes that provide a detailed foundation of the potential functional role of these populations in situ. De novo assemblies of the highly similar Acidilobus-like populations (>99% 16S rRNA gene identity) represent near-complete consensus genomes based on an inventory of single-copy genes, deduced metabolic potential, and assembly statistics generated across sites. Functional analysis of coding sequences and confirmation of gene transcription by Acidilobus-like populations provide evidence that they are primarily chemoorganoheterotrophs, generating acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) via the degradation of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and auxotrophic with respect to several external vitamins, cofactors, and metabolites. No obvious pathways or protein-encoding genes responsible for the dissimilatory reduction of sulfur were identified. The presence of a formate dehydrogenase (Fdh) and other protein-encoding genes involved in mixed-acid fermentation supports the hypothesis that Acidilobus spp. function as degraders of complex organic constituents in high-temperature, mildly acidic, hypoxic geothermal systems.

Download or read book Thermophilic Microorganisms written by Fu-li Li and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermophilic microorganisms thrive in a variety of marine and terrestrial habitats. These organisms have evolved several biochemical and molecular strategies to counteract the deleterious effects of the high temperatures in their environments. In this book, leading scientists highlight the current progress in the most topical areas of research providing a timely overview of the field. The authors discuss current technical challenges and future development trends.--

Download or read book Investigations on the Microbial Ecology of Yellowstone Lake Hydrothermal Vents written by Carl Michael Schroeder and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrothermal microbial ecosystems written by Andreas Teske and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers in the "Hydrothermal Vent" e-book cover a range of microbiological research in deep and shallow hydrothermal environments, from high temperature “black smokers,” to diffuse flow habitats and episodically discharging subsurface fluids, to the hydrothermal plumes. Together they provide a snapshot of current research interests in a field that has evolved rapidly since the discovery of hydrothermal vents in 1977. Hydrothermally influenced microbial habitats and communities represent a wide spectrum of geological setting, chemical in-situ regimes, and biotic communities; the classical examples of basalt-hosted black smoker chimneys at active mid-ocean spreading centers have been augmented by hydrothermally heated and chemically altered sediments, microbiota fueled by serpentinization reactions, and low-temperature vents with unusual menus of electron donors. Environmental gradients and niches provide habitats for unusual or unprecedented microorganisms and microbial ecosystems. The discovery of novel extremophiles underscores untapped microbial diversity in hydrothermal vent microbial communities. Different stages of hydrothermal activity, from early onset to peak activity, gradual decline, and persistence of cold and fossil vent sites, correspond to different colonization waves by microorganisms as well as megafauna. Perhaps no other field in microbiology is so intertwined with the geological and geochemical evolution of the oceans, and promises so many biochemical and physiological discoveries still to be made within the unexhausted richness of extreme microbial life.

Download or read book A Metagenomic Analysis of the Microbial Communities Associated with Different Hydrothermal Vent Chimneys written by Laura A. Murray and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrothermal vents host a diverse community of microorganisms that utilize chemical gradients from the venting fluid for their metabolisms. The venting fluid can solidify to form chimney structures that these microbes adhere to and colonize. These chimney structures are found throughout many different locations in the world's oceans. In this study, comparative metagenomic analyses of microbial communities on five chimney structures from around the Pacific Ocean were elucidated focusing on the core taxa and genes that are characteristic for each of these hydrothermal vent chimneys, as well as highlighting differences among the taxa and genes found at each chimney due to parameters such as physical characteristics, chemistry, and activity of the vents. DNA from the chimneys was sequenced, assembled into contigs, annotated for gene function, and binned into metagenome assembled genomes, or MAGs. Genes used for carbon, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, iron, and arsenic metabolism were found at varying abundances at each of the chimneys, largely from either Gammaproteobacteria or Campylobacteria. Many taxa had overlap of these metabolism genes, indicating that functional redundancy is critical for life at these hydrothermal vents. It was found that high relative abundance of oxygen metabolism genes coupled with low carbon fixation genes could be used as a unique identifier for inactive chimneys. Genes used for DNA repair, chemotaxis, and transposases were found to be at higher abundances at each of these hydrothermal chimneys allowing for enhanced adaptations to the ever-changing chemical and physical conditions encountered. The combination of genes detected in this study sheds light on the community structure and metabolic potential of hydrothermal vent chimneys throughout the Pacific Ocean.

Download or read book Diversity and Functional Analysis of Bacterial Communities Associated with Natural Hydrocarbon Seeps in Acidic Soils at Rainbow Springs Yellowstone National Park written by Natsuko Hamamura and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we describe the bacterial communities associated with natural hydrocarbon seeps in nonthermal soils at Rainbow Springs, Yellowstone National Park. Soil chemical analysis revealed high sulfate concentrations and low pH values (pH 2.8 to 3.8), which are characteristic of acid-sulfate geothermal activity. The hydrocarbon composition of the seep soils consisted almost entirely of saturated, acyclic alkanes (e.g., nalkanes with chain lengths of C15 to C30 , as well as branched alkanes, predominately pristane and phytane). Bacterial populations present in the seep soils were phylogenetically characterized by 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. The majority of the sequences recovered (>75%) were related to sequences of heterotrophic acidophilic bacteria, including Acidisphaera spp. and Acidiphilium spp. of the [alpha]-Proteobacteria. Clones related to the iron- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithotroph Acidithiobacillus spp. were also recovered from one of the seep soils. Hydrocarbon-amended soil-sand mixtures were established to examine [14C]hexadecane mineralization and corresponding changes in the bacterial populations using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments. Approximately 50% of the [14C]hexadecane added was recovered as 14 CO2 during an 80-day incubation, and this was accompanied by detection of heterotrophic acidophile-related sequences as dominant DGGE bands. An alkane-degrading isolate was cultivated, whose 16S rRNA gene sequence was identical to the sequence of a dominant DGGE band in the soil-sand mixture, as well as the clone sequence recovered most frequently from the original soil. This and the presence of an alkB gene homolog in this isolate con?rmed the alkane degradation capability of one population indigenous to acidic hydrocarbon seep soils.

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Variability of Biomarkers and Microbial Diversity Reveal Metabolic and Community Flexibility in Streamer Biofilm Communities in the Lower Geyser Basin Yellowstone National Park written by Florence Schubotz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed analysis of 16S rRNA and intact polar lipids (IPLs) from streamer biofilm communities (SBCs), collected from geochemically similar hot springs in the Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, shows good agreement and affirm that IPLs can be used as reliable markers for the microbial constituents of SBCs. Uncultured Crenarchaea are prominent in SBS, and their IPLs contain both glycosidic and mixed glyco-phospho head groups with tetraether cores, having 0-4 rings. Archaeal IPL contributions increase with increasing temperature and comprise up to one-fourth of the total IPL inventory at >84 [degrees] C. At elevated temperatures, bacterial IPLs contain abundant glycosidic glycerol diether lipids. Diether and diacylglycerol (DAG) lipids with aminopentanetetrol and phosphatidylinositol head groups were identified as lipids diagnostic of Aquificales, while DAG glycolipids and glyco-phospholipids containing N-acetylgycosamine as head group were assigned to members of the Thermales. With decreasing temperature and concomitant changes in water chemistry, IPLs typical of phototrophic bacteria, such as mono-, diglycosyl, and sulfoquinovosyl DAG, which are specific for cyanobacteria, increase in abundance, consistent with genomic data from the same samples. Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of IPL breakdown products reveals a large isotopic diversity among SBCs in different hot springs. At two of the hot springs, 'Bison Pool' and Flat Cone, lipids derived from Aquificales are enriched in (13) C relative to biomass and approach values close to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (approximately 0 0/00), consistent with fractionation during autotrophic carbon fixation via the reversed tricarboxylic acid pathway. At a third site, Octopus Spring, the same Aquificales-diagnostic lipids are 10 0/00 depleted relative to biomass and resemble stable carbon isotope values of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), indicative of heterotrophy. Other bacterial and archaeal lipids show a similar variance, with values resembling the DIC or DOC pool or a mixture thereof. This variance cannot be explained by hot spring chemistry or temperature alone, but instead, we argue that intermittent input of exogenous organic carbon can result in metabolic shifts of the chemotrophic communities from autotrophy to heterotrophy and vice versa.

Download or read book Microbial and Geochemical Iron Redox Cycling in Chocolate Pots Hot Springs Yellowstone National Park written by Nathaniel W. Fortney and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrothermal vent systems, both terrestrial and oceanic, are important environments for astrobiological research because of the hypothesized origin of life on Earth occurring at such environments. Recent and increasing evidence for relic vent deposits on Mars has further piqued the interest of astrobiologists and have become the target for future investigations for potential Martian life. While the origin of life is still highly debated, the redox gradients formed near hydrothermal vents and the energetic advantage this gives life living in such environments is undeniable. Hyperthermophilic prokaryotic organisms are phylogenetically deeply rooted, which supports the notion of originating near hydrothermal vents. Furthermore, many of these deeply rooted organisms encode Fe redox cycling based metabolic pathways suggesting dissimilatory Fe reduction (DIR) and Fe(II) oxidation are ancient microbial metabolisms. Chocolate Pots hot springs (CP) are a collection of Fe-rich circumneutral-pH hydrothermal springs located in northwestern Yellowstone National Park. For the past two decades, one of the more prominent features has been investigated with interest in how oxygenic phototrophs (e.g. cyanobacteria) may have contributed to banded iron formation deposition in the Archean. Here we expand on previous enrichment culture based investigations of the putative Fe cycling microbial community by conducting Fe(III)-reducing incubation experiments and collecting sediment and spring water samples directly from CP to gain a better understanding of the composition of the microbial community and its metabolic potential in situ. High DIR activity was observed in samples collected near the hot spring vent, and diminished further downstream. Results from 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed taxa related to Thermodesulfovibrio and Ignavibacteria which encoded putative extracellular electron transfer pathways as potential indication of the in situ Fe(III)-reducing microbial community. Fe isotope fractionation that occurs as a result of DIR has been recognized as a potential biomarker of microbial activity in the rock record and in modern environments. Although natural variability obfuscated results, samples collected from the vent pool and sediment cores revealed fractionation suggestive of DIR. These studies provide constraint on the potential pathways and signatures of both extant and ancient Fe-based microbial life on Earth, Mars, and other rocky planets.

Download or read book The Microbial Diversity and Ecology of Selected Andesitic Hydrothermal Environments written by Ruth Maria Henneberger and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Linking Metabolic Rates with the Diversity and Functional Capacity of Endolithic Microbial Communities Within Hydrothermal Vent Structures written by Kiana Laieikawai Frank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hydrothermal vents, thermal and chemical gradients generated by the mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater provide diverse niches for prokaryotic communities. To date, our knowledge of environmental factors that shape bacterial and archaeal community composition and metabolic activities across these gradients within the active sulfide structures is limited. While many studies have laid the foundation for our understanding of the extent of diversity in relation to varying hydrothermal settings, few studies exists regarding the detailed spatial relationships between vent geochemistry and the abundance, distribution, and metabolic characteristics of the endolithic hosted communities. Even fewer data have been generated on the magnitude of metabolic rates and factors controlling the kinetics of these reactions have not been well constrained.

Download or read book Microbially Mediated Sulphide Production in a Thermal Acidic Algal Mat Community in Yellowstone National Park written by Michael J. Ferris and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our objective in this study was to characterize prokaryotic sulphide production within the oxygenic, predominantly eukarytoic algal mat in an acidic stream, Nymph Creek, in Yellowstone National Park (NP). We used microsensors to examine fluctuations in H2S andO2 concentrations over time through the vertical aspect of the ~3 mm mat in a 46-48 [degree] C region of the creek. We also used analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from denaturing gradient gels, and PCR-amplified sequences of a functional gene associated with microbial sulphate respiration (dsrA) to characterize the bacterial community in the same region of the mat. During midday, photosynthesis rates were high within the first 500um interval of the mat and high oxygen concentrations (600% air saturation) penetrated deeply (>1800 um) into the mat. during early evening and night, oxygen concentrations within the first 1100 um of the mat decreased over time from 60% air saturation (a.s.) to 12% a.s. A precipitous decline in oxygen concentration occurred at a depth of 1100 um in all night measurements and anoxic conditions were present below 1200 um. Within this anoxic region, sulphide concentrations increased from nearly 0 uM at 1200 um depth to 100uM at 2400 um depth. Enrichment cultures inoculated with Nymph Creek mat organisms also produced H2S. Sequence analyses of 16S rRNA and dsrA genes indicated the presence of at least five bacteria genera including species involved in dissimilative sulphate or sulphur reduction.

Download or read book Environmental Chemistry of Arsenic written by William T. Frankenberger, Jr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-12-04 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from world-renowned experts in the field, this book explores developments in the transport kinetics, seasonal cycling, accumulation, geochemistry, transformation, and toxicology of arsenic. It details advances in the prevention and control of arsenic and arsenic compounds in the air, soil, and water and offers analytical methods for the detection and study of arsenic in the environment and human body. Providing bioremediation techniques for effective treatment of contaminated water supplies, the book discusses factors that influence the removal of arsenic from water as well as diurnal and seasonal variations in the arsenic concentration of surface water supplies.