Download or read book Analysis of Light Vehicle Crashes and Pre crash Scenarios Based on the 2000 General Estimates System written by Wassim G. Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2003-02-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report analyzes the problem of light vehicle crashes in the United States to support the development and assessment of effective crash avoidance systems as part of the U.S. Department of Transportation's Intelligent Vehicle Initiative. The analysis was conducted using data from the 2000 National Automotive Sampling/General Estimates System crash database of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Light vehicle (passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, and pickup trucks) crashes are analyzed in terms of their major crash types, physical setting, and concomitant pre-crash scenarios. In 2000, light vehicle crashes accounted for 6,133,000 or 96 percent of all police-reported (PR) crashes on U.S. roadways. About 96 percent of all PR crashes belong to nine known major crash types: rear-end, crossing paths, off-roadway, lane change, opposite direction, pedestrian, pedalcyclist, animal, and backing. The examination of the physical setting of major crash types shows that about 40 percent of all PR light vehicle crashes happened away from junctions, 25 percent of all PR light vehicle crashes were reported to occur at intersections, and 20 percent of the crashes were related to intersections. The 9 major crash types consist mainly of 55 specific and dominant pre-crash scenarios. These scenarios yielded a top 11 list of major pre-crash scenarios, which represent a new crash taxonomy that covers 4,275,000 (70 percent) of all PR light vehicle crashes.

Download or read book Development of Crash Imminent Test Scenarios for Integrated Vehicle Based Safety Systems IVBSS written by Wassim Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2007 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report identifies crash imminent test scenarios based on common pre-crash scenarios for integrated vehicle-based safety systems that alert the driver of a light vehicle or a heavy truck to an impending rear-end, lane change, or run-off-road crash. Pre-crash scenarios describe vehicle movements and critical events immediately prior to the crash. The General Estimates System (GES) crash database was queried to distinguish common pre-crash scenarios for light vehicles (2003 GES) and heavy trucks (2000-2003 GES) in terms of their frequency of occurrence. Analysis of two-vehicle rear-end crashes revealed four dominant scenarios that accounted for 97 percent of light-vehicle crashes and 95 percent of heavy-truck crashes in which the subject vehicle was striking. Four scenarios were also identified from an analysis of two-vehicle lane change crashes, comprising 65 percent of light-vehicle crashes and 76 percent of heavy-truck crashes in which the subject vehicle was encroaching onto another vehicle in adjacent lanes. There were five single-vehicle, run-off-road scenarios representing 63 percent of light-vehicle crashes and 83 percent of heavy-truck crashes, excluding crashes caused by vehicle failure or evasive maneuver. An additional set of scenarios is proposed to address multiple threats from near simultaneous critical events. This report also provides a statistical description of individual scenarios in terms of their environmental factors, roadway geometry, and speed conditions.

Download or read book Description of Light Vehicle Pre Crash Scenarios for Safety Applications Based on Vehicle to Vehicle Communications written by Wassim Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes pre-crash scenarios that might be addressed by vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The focus is on crashes involving at least 1 light vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less. The 2004-2008 General Estimates System crash databases were used to quantify the societal cost and describe the driving environment, driver characteristics, and crash contributing factors. The National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey was queried to statistically portray crash causal factors. Data from Event Data Recorders drawn from model year 2000-2007 vehicles were analyzed to describe the kinematics of pre-crash scenarios in terms of travel speed, brake application, and deceleration level over a period of five seconds before the crash. Most crashes occurred on straight roads, dry surfaces, in clear weather, and during daylight hours.

Download or read book Development of Collision Avoidance Data for Light Vehicles written by Marco daSilva and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2006 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of an analysis effort undertaken to address the following research question: What sensor(s) can be cost effectively added to vehicles on a wide scale to significantly improve our understanding and modeling of naturalistic near-crash/pre-crash driver performance? Current sensor and computer technology allows for the efficient collection and storage of driver and vehicle performance data on board vehicles. Crash data recorders or black boxes exist today on many vehicles though they are limited in number of recorded parameters and storage capacity. However, their capability is increasing. Recent field operational tests of advanced-technology crash avoidance systems and naturalistic driving data collection efforts have employed comprehensive data acquisition systems to characterize driver and vehicle performance as well as the driving environment. These projects gathered data on driver exposure to various environmental factors and on driver encounters with driving conflicts, near-crashes, and actual crashes. Unfortunately, the in-vehicle data acquisition packages in these projects cost over $10,000 per vehicle. It would be advantageous to build and install a very small, inexpensive package under $1,000 in a vehicle fleet of 5,000 or more. The presence of low-cost near-crash/crash event data recorders (EDRs) on thousands of vehicles would enable a more accurate assessment of safety benefits for intelligent vehicle crash avoidance technologies, and would greatly improve the quality of data in national crash databases such as the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) and General Estimates System (GES).

Download or read book Examination of Crash Contributing Factors Using National Crash Databases written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines contributing factors to single vehicle off-roadway, rear-end, and lane change crashes involving light vehicles (passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, and pickup trucks). The analysis is based on crash data obtained from the National Automotive Sampling System's 1997-2000 Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) and 2000 General Estimates System (GES). Research on crash contributing factors was divided into three phases: phase one provides a comparison of CDS and GES contributing factor distributions; phase two examines crash severity in relation to contributing factors; and phase three determines contributing factors based on pre-crash scenarios. This report classifies crash severity into severe and less severe crashes based on whether or not the vehicle involved in a crash was towed from the scene due to damage. Results from phase one indicate that contributing factor distributions for the CDS and GES matched fairly closely; however, discrepancies were found for inattention and speeding. Phase two results found that contributing factors were similar in the majority of crash types regardless of the severity of the crash; however, the relative frequency of alcohol/drugs and sleepy/drowsy were found to be influenced by crash severity for single vehicle off-roadway and rear-end crash types. Phase three results showed that the contributing factors were influenced more by the critical event than the vehicle movement prior to the critical event in pre-crash scenarios leading to single vehicle off-roadway crashes.

Download or read book Pre Crash Scenario Typology for Crash Avoidance Research written by Wassim G. Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2007-04-30 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report defines a new pre-crash scenario typology for crash avoidance research based on the 2004 General Estimates System (GES) crash database, which consists of pre-crash scenarios depicting vehicle movements and dynamics as well as the critical event immediately prior to a crash. This typology establishes a common vehicle safety research foundation for public and private organizations, which will allow researchers to determine which traffic safety issues should be of first priority to investigate and to develop concomitant crash avoidance systems. Its main objectives are to identify all common pre-crash scenarios of all police-reported crashes involving at least one light vehicle (i.e., passenger car, sports utility vehicle, van, minivan, and light pickup truck); quantify their severity in terms of frequency of occurrence, economic cost, and functional years lost; portray each scenario by crash contributing factors and circumstances in terms of the driving environment, driver, and vehicle; and provide nationally representative crash statistics that can be annually updated using national crash databases such as GES. This new typology includes 37 pre-crash scenarios accounting for approximately 5,942,000 police-reported light-vehicle crashes, an estimated economic cost of 120 billion dollars, and 2,767,000 functional years lost. These statistics do not incorporate data from non-police-reported crashes.

Download or read book Depiction of Priority Light Vehicle Pre Crash Scenarios for Safety Applications Based on Vehicle to Vehicle Communications written by Wassim G. Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A template of pre-crash scenarios is presented to depict national crash statistics and kinematic information of time-to-collision for the design of appropriate crash countermeasures based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. This template serves the development of functional requirements, performance specifications, test procedures, and benefits estimation for potential light-vehicle V2V safety applications. A set of ten pre-crash scenarios is suggested as a priority list to be addressed by V2V technology for light vehicles (i.e., passenger cars, vans and minivans, sport utility vehicles, and light pickup trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings of 10,000 pounds or less). This report presents the time-to-collision equations as well as the crash statistics for each of the ten priority scenarios based on data available in the General Estimates System, National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey, and Event Data Recorder databases.

Download or read book Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Injury Research written by Guohua Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-07 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injury is recognized as a major public health issue worldwide. In most countries, injury is the leading cause of death and disability for children and young adults age 1 to 39 years. Each year in the United States, injury claims about 170,000 lives and results in over 30 million emergency room visits and 2.5 million hospitalizations. Injury is medically defined as organ/tissue damages inflicted upon oneself or by an external agent either accidentally or deliberately. Injury encompasses the undesirable consequences of a wide array of events, such as motor vehicle crashes, poisoning, burns, falls, and drowning, medical error, adverse effects of drugs, suicide and homicide. The past two decades have witnessed a remarkable growth in injury research, both in scope and in depth. To address the tremendous health burden of injury morbidity and mortality at the global level, the World Health Organization in 2000 created the Department of Injury and Violence Prevention, which has produced several influential reports on violence, traffic injury, and childhood injury. The biennial World Conference on Injury Control and Safety Promotion attracts a large international audience and has been successfully convened nine times in different countries. In the United States, the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control became an independent program of the federal Centers for Disease Prevention and Control in 1997. Since then, each state health department has created an office in charge of injury prevention activities and over a dozen universities have established injury control research centers. This volume will fill an important gap in the scientific literature by providing a comprehensive and up-to-date reference resource to researchers, practitioners, and students working on different aspects of the injury problem and in different practice settings and academic fields.

Download or read book Traffic Safety Facts 2000 a Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatal Accident Reporting System and the General Estimates System written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fatality Analysis Reporting System written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fatality Analysis Reporting System written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Road Vehicle Automation written by Gereon Meyer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-07 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume covers all relevant aspects of road vehicle automation including societal impacts, legal matters, and technology innovation from the perspectives of a multitude of public and private actors. It is based on an expert workshop organized by the Transportation Research Board at Stanford University in July 2013. The target audience primarily comprises academic researchers, but the book may also be of interest to practitioners and professionals. Higher levels of road vehicle automation are considered beneficial for road safety, energy efficiency, productivity, convenience and social inclusion. The necessary key technologies in the fields of object-recognition systems, data processing and infrastructure communication have been consistently developed over the recent years and are mostly available on the market today. However, there is still a need for substantial research and development, e.g. with interactive maps, data processing, functional safety and the fusion of different data sources. Driven by stakeholders in the IT industry, intensive efforts to accelerate the introduction of road vehicle automation are currently underway.

Download or read book Heavy Truck Pre crash Scenarios for Safety Applications Based on Vehicle to vehicle Communications written by Samuel Toma and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Abstract: This report describes pre-crash scenarios involving at least one heavy truck (gross vehicle weight rating greater than 10,000 pounds), which might be addressed with crash-imminent warning systems based on short range vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. The analysis focuses on 17 target pre-crash scenarios that are statistically described using the 2004-2008 General Estimates System (GES) crash databases and the Large-Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS) database. GES data is queried to quantify the societal cost and describe the driving environment, driver characteristics, and crash contributing factors of target pre-crash scenarios. LTCCS data is analyzed to portray crash causal factors. Approximately 233,000 annual police-reported crashes involving at least one heavy truck were associated with the 17 target pre-crash scenarios. These police-reported crashes contributed to about 21 billion dollars in comprehensive economic costs based on 2007 economics and 153,000 functional years lost annually. Heavy-truck drivers of interest accounted for about 57 percent of all drivers involved in these crashes."--Technical report documentation page.

Download or read book The 100 car Naturalistic Driving Study Phase II Results of the 100 car Field Experiment written by Thomas A. Dingus and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current project specified ten objectives or goals that would be addressed through the initial analysis of the event database. This report addresses the first 9 of these goals, which include analyses of rear-end events, lane change events, the role of inattention, and the relationship between levels of severity. Goal 10 is a separate report and addresses the implications for a larger-scale data collection effort.

Download or read book General Estimates System written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statewide Traffic Safety Study Phase I written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: