Download or read book Analysis of Immune Responses Related to Protection Against P Falciparum Pre erythrocytic Stages written by Blanca-liliana Perlaza and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is one of the most evasive infectious diseases in the world. The development of a vaccine against the human malaria parasite Plasrnodium falciparum requires first, the identification of the parasitic antigens involved in protection, and second, the use of appropriate animal models to study protective immune mechanisms and to optimize immunization protocols intended to induce them. A subset of P. falciparum preerythrocytic antigens (LSA l, LSA3, SALSA and STARP) have been identified and characterized. Among them, LSA3 displayed promising antigenic, immunogenic and protective efficacy in différent animal models. The current thesis describes the immune responses induced by these antigens, particularly the immunogenicity and protective potential of LSA3 in mice and Aotus monkeys. Aotus lemurinus griseirnembra is a small New World monkey. We confirmed that the species A./.griseimembra is susceptible to infection by P. falciparum sporozoites and we were able to maintain the parasite by cyclical passages through Aotns and mosquitoes. When Aotus lemurinus were immunized with either, a mixture of lipopeptides from 4 P. falciparum preerythrocytic antigens or LSA3 recombinant proteins, the monkeys were able to induce high cellular and humoral immune responses, indicating that it is a suitable animal model for evaluating immunogenicity of pre-erythrocytic antigens. Finally, for the first time we report evidence of protection against challenge with P. falciparum sporozoites in Aotus monkeys.Taking advantage of the recent advances in peptide synthesis, we used 17 Long Synthetic Peptides (LSP) covering all the LSA3 protein to confirm the antigenicity of LSA3 antigen in individuals highly exposed to natural P. falciparum infections. In addition, these LSP were found to be strongly immunogenic in mice, eliciting T-helper, CTL responses and specific antibody production. On the other hands, LSA3-DNA-based immunization in mice induced high immune responses against different regions of the molecule and preferentially generated responses Th 1-type. Moreover, this immunization protocol was able to induce protection against the challenge with P. yoelii sporozoites. These findings confirm previous results about the vaccine potential of LSA3 and allow to validate Aolus monkeys as model for preerythrocytic malaria vaccines research. They open the way to a great number of future studies on P. falciparum pre-erythrocytic stages.

Download or read book Preclinical Assessment of the Immunogenicity Durability and Efficacy Induced by Pre erythrocytic Vaccines Against Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria written by Hayley Klingenberg and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is an ongoing global health problem caused by Plasmodium parasites that results in the death of over half a million people each year. The majority of these deaths occur in children under five years old who lack memory immune responses to protect them from infection. A major step towards prevention of malaria is through vaccination with RTS,S, the only WHO approved vaccines to date. RTS,S contains a portion of the central repeat region and the C-terminus of the pre-erythrocytic stage Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). CSP is essential for sporozoite entry into hepatocytes making it a strong vaccine target. Naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immune responses towards this protein have been associated with protection against infection. Pre-erythrocytic stage vaccines aim to clear sporozoites and prevent progression to the blood-stage of the infection, which is the cause of disease pathology. RTS,S makes use of a Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) carrier to help improve immunogenicity and vaccine delivery. Extensive clinical trials have found that immunization with RTS,S results in low vaccine efficacy that wanes over time. This study aimed to improve upon the specificity, efficacy, and durability of RTS,S through the inclusion of the N-terminal region of PfCSP and the use of a Plasmodium-specific carrier protein. This project extended prior work that assessed the magnitude, specificity, and avidity of the antibody response induced by immunization with four novel PfCSP-based vaccine constructs adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA-SE). Three out of four of our constructs are fused to the blood stage protein, merozoite surface protein 8 (PfMSP8), which has been shown to improve the production and immunogenicity of other Plasmodium protein-based vaccines. The focus of the current thesis project was to assess the T cell responses, epitope recognition, antibody persistence and protective efficacy in vivo of our novel recombinant PfCSP-based vaccines. We demonstrate that inclusion of the N-terminal domain of PfCSP broadens the antibody response to include recognition of known linear B cell epitopes. Vaccination with our constructs drives robust antibody responses to conformational C-terminal epitopes as well as high anti-PfCSP antibody titers that remain durable for at least 6 months. Our constructs induce strong T cell responses, measured by the production of IFN-[gamma] by stimulated splenocytes, but this response shifts in specificity away from PfCSP towards PfMSP8 when mice were immunized with our fused chimeric constructs. However, this did not impact overall efficacy, as immunization with our chimeric PfCSP/8 construct resulted in significant protection against blood stage infection in mice when challenged intravenously with transgenic P. yoelii sporozoites that express PfCSP. These data demonstrate improvements over RTS,S and warrant further testing of the chimeric PfCSP/8 construct for use in a multivalent vaccine for P. falciparum malaria.

Download or read book Malaria written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the: Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.

Download or read book Immunization with Pre Erythrocytic Antigen CelTOS from Plasmodium Falciparum Elicits Cross Species Protection Against Heterologous Challenge with Plasmodium Berghei written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Plasmodium protein Cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS) plays an important role in cell traversal of host cells in both, mosquito and vertebrates, and is required for successful malaria infections. CelTOS is highly conserved among the Plasmodium species, suggesting an important functional role across all species. Therefore targeting the immune response to this highly conserved protein and thus potentially interfering with its biological function may result in protection against infection even by heterologous species of Plasmodium. Methodology/Principal Findings: To test this hypothesis, we developed a recombinant codon-harmonized P. falciparum CelTOS protein that can be produced to high yields in the E. coli expression system. Inbred Balb/c and outbred CD-1 mice were immunized with various doses of the recombinant protein adjuvanted with Montanide ISA 720 and characterized using in vitro and in vivo analyses. Conclusions/Significance: Immunization with PfCelTOS resulted in potent humoral and cellular immune responses and most importantly induced sterile protection against a heterologous challenge with P. berghei sporozoites in a proportion of both inbred and outbred mice. The biological activity of CelTOS-specific antibodies against the malaria parasite is likely linked to the impairment of sporozoite motility and hepatocyte infectivity. The results underscore the potential of this antigen as a pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate and demonstrate for the first time a malaria vaccine that is cross-protective between species.

Download or read book Malaria Immunology written by Peter Perlmann and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite extensive efforts to control it, malaria is still one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide. This book, now in its second edition, provides a broad and up-to-date overview of the rapidly expanding field of malaria immunology and its importance in the control of this disease. The first section deals with the malaria parasite and its interactions with both the vertebrate host and the mosquitoes which transmit the disease. In the second part, the mechanisms of immunity and their regulation by environmental and genetic factors are discussed. Finally, this volume contains several chapters on malaria vaccine development, describing the application of the most recent vaccine technologies as well as ongoing and planned vaccine trials. Authored by well-recognized experts, this volume not only demonstrates the rapid progress being made in the search for vaccines against malaria, but also broadens our understanding of immunity to infection in general. It is therefore highly recommended reading for all scientists and professionals in the fields of immunology, infection and vaccine development.

Download or read book Rodent Malaria written by R. Killick-Kendrick and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rodent Malaria reviews significant findings concerning malaria parasites of rodents, including their taxonomy, zoogeography, and evolution, along with life cycles and morphology; genetics and biochemistry; and concomitant infections. This volume is organized into eight chapters and begins by sketching out the history of the discovery of rodent as well as aspects of parasitology, immunology, and chemotherapy. These concepts are investigated two decades following Ignace Vincke's major discovery and Meir Yoeli's successful establishment of the method of cyclical transmission of the parasite. The following chapters focus on the taxonomy and systematics of the subgenus Vinckeia, with reference to the concepts of species and subspecies of animals and the degree to which they apply to malaria parasites, in particular to those of rodents. The discussion then shifts to how the rodent malaria parasites provide a unique insight into the subcellular organization of Plasmodium species, the use of rodent malaria as an experimental model to study immunological responses, and infectious agents that interact with malaria parasites. The book concludes with a chapter on malaria chemotherapy, with emphasis on the value of rodent malaria in antimalarial drug screening and the use of antimalarial drugs as biological probes. This book will be of interest to protozoologists and physicians as well as those from other disciplines including biochemistry, immunology, pharmacology, cell biology, and genetics.

Download or read book World Malaria Report 2018 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year s report shows that after an unprecedented period of success in global malaria control progress has stalled. Data from 2015?2017 highlight that no significant progress in reducing global malaria cases was made in this period. There were an estimated 219 million cases and 435 000 related deaths in 2017. The World malaria report 2018 draws on data from 90 countries and areas with ongoing malaria transmission. The information is supplemented by data from national household surveys and databases held by other organizations.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Malaria written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Malaria represents a vast databank of information about the study of malaria. It provides an overview of the historical, rapid and significant developments that have occurred in malaria research, including the 2002 genome sequencing of Plasmodium falciparum and its mosquito vector, Anopheles gambiae. This work provides a concise source of up-to-date research findings in the form of definitions and essays and present comprehensive coverage of topics from history to findings to diagnosis and treatment, written by recognized malaria researchers with practical experience. It appeals to a diverse audience, including malaria researchers, teachers, investigators and public health professionals.

Download or read book World Malaria Report 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2016-01-30 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Malaria Report 2015assesses global malaria disease trends and changes in the coverage and financing of malaria control programs between 2000 and 2015. It also summarizes progress towards international targets, and provides regional and country profiles that summarize trends in each WHO region and each country with malaria. The report is produced with the help of WHO regional and country offices, ministries of health in endemic countries, and a broad range of other partners. The data presented are assembled from the 96 countries and territories with ongoing malaria transmission, and a further five countries that have recently eliminated malaria. Most data are those reported for 2014 and 2015, although in some cases projections have been made into 2015, to assess progress towards targets for 2015.

Download or read book Towards Malaria Elimination written by Sylvie Manguin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward was started to mark the occasion for renewed commitment to end malaria transmission for good (the WHO's call for "Malaria Free World" by 2030). This book is dedicated for the benefit of researchers, scientists, program and policy managers, students and anyone interested in malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases with the goal of sharing recent information on success stories, innovative control approaches and challenges in different regions of the world. Some main issues that emerged included multidrug-resistant malaria and pandemic risk, vaccines, cross-border malaria, asymptomatic parasite reservoir, the threat of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and outdoor malaria transmission. This book is one little step forward to bring together in 17 chapters the experiences of malaria-expert researchers from five continents to present updated information on disease epidemiology and control at the national/regional level, highlighting the constraints, challenges, accomplishments and prospects of malaria elimination.

Download or read book Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.

Download or read book Malaria written by Maria M. Mota and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, malaria kills more than 300,000 people per year, making it a top priority of world leaders and international organizations, who are working towards implementing and coordinating efforts to eradicate this disease. An effective malaria vaccine is recognized as the key element that will decide between success and failure in this fight. At present, despite intensive research efforts, such a vaccine is not yet available for use. However, there are a number of advanced candidate vaccines with high chances of success in the short term. Malaria: Immune Response to Infection and Vaccination provides a comprehensive view on the immune response to malaria and to the different vaccines under development. The book offers the following: - Contributions by top research leaders in the field, - Comparisons of the immune responses to both malaria infection and malaria vaccines, which are traditionally treated separately, - Coverage of the immune responses to the different stages of malaria, which are frequently treated as separate fields of research.

Download or read book Agglutination Studies written by Ferne F. Loomis and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation Into the Pre erythrocytic Immune Responses that Modulate Plasmodium Berghei Immunopathology and Protect Against Experimental Cerebral Malaria written by Matthew Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Saving Lives Buying Time written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.

Download or read book An Investigation Into the Pre erythrocytic Immune Responses that Modulate Plasmodium Berghei Immunopathology and Protect Against Experimental Cererbal Malaria written by Matthew Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Immune Response Mechanisms and Protection Against Plasmodium Falciparum and Plasmodium Berghei written by Saïdou Balam and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thèse. Biologie. Médecine. 2012