Download or read book Analysis of Hydrogen Metabolism in Methanosarcina Barkeri Fusaro written by Gargi Kulkarni and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methanogens utilize an unusual energy-conserving electron transport chain that involves reduction of a limited number of electron acceptors to methane (CH4) gas. Previous biochemical studies suggest that the proton pumping F420H2 dehydrogenase (Fpo) plays a crucial role in this process during growth on methanol. However, Methanosarcina barkeri 8́6fpo mutants investigated in Chapter 2 display no measurable phenotype on this substrate. In contrast, 8́6frh mutants lacking the cytoplasmic F420-dependent hydrogenase (Frh) are severely affected in their ability to grow and make methane from methanol, while double 8́6fpo 8́6frh mutants are completely unable to utilize this substrate. These data suggest that while M. barkeri has the flexibility to use the Fpo-dependent electron transport chain when needed, the preferred energy conservation pathway involves production of H2 gas by Frh hydrogenase within the cytoplasm. The H2 can then diffuse out of the cell, where it can be oxidized by the periplasmic methanophenazine-dependent hydrogenase (Vht), with transfer of electrons into the electron transport chain. Consistent with this 0́−H2-cycling0́+ proposal, a conditional vht mutant isolated in Chapter 3, is unable to grow using any of the methanogenic substrates tested under non-permissive conditions, suggesting that Vht is essential for growth of M. barkeri. Moreover, repression of vht expression results in a rapid increase in H2 partial pressure, which supports the hypothesis that Vht is required for H2 uptake. H2 accumulation in the culture headspace of conditional vht mutant is accompanied with cessation of methanogenesis and growth, implying that H2 uptake is essential for anaerobic respiration and viability. In contrast, Vht is not essential in mutants lacking the H2-producing Frh hydrogenase. This is consistent with the hypothesis that Vht is required for H2 uptake, only when Frh produces H2, that is, Frh and Vht hydrogenases are functionally coupled in a 0́−H2-cycling0́+ energy conservation mechanism. Because production of H2 by Frh consumes protons within the cytoplasm and oxidation of H2 by Vht releases protons outside the cell, this electron transport chain is capable of establishing a trans-membrane proton gradient that can be used to make ATP by the ATP synthase. Our study provides the first direct experimental evidence for H2-cycling, since it was proposed to be involved in energy conservation in sulfate-reducing bacteria in 1981. To further dissect the roles of these hydrogenases in M. barkeri physiology, I constructed a series of hydrogenase deletion mutants in various combinations in Chapter 4, including a mutant that is devoid of all three types of hydrogenases, ferredoxin-dependent Ech, Frh and Vht. My data show that each of the three types of hydrogenases is needed for growth via the CO2 reduction pathway. In contrast, none of the hydrogenases is essential during methylotrophic growth, indicating the presence of H2-independent electron transport chains, which are able to support wild-type growth yields. Either Vht or Ech hydrogenase alone can support growth using the methyl respiration pathway. However, both Ech and Vht hydrogenases are required for acetate utilization. The data presented in chapter 4 also suggest that Ech and/or Frh hydrogenases block the methyl oxidative pathway by catalyzing conversion of H2 to Fdred and F420H2, respectively. In addition, evidence is provided for involvement of Hyp proteins in maturation of Ech hydrogenase. This work highlights the similarities and differences between H2-independent electron transport chains of the hydrogenotroph M. barkeri and the non-hydrogenotroph Methanosarcina acetivorans.
Download or read book Analysis of Methylotrophic Methanogenesis in Methanosarcina Barkeri Fusaro written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Edward F. DeLong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea
Download or read book State of the Art and Progress in Production of Biohydrogen written by Nuri Azbar and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Energy is vital to global prosperity, yet dependence on fossil fuels as our primary energy source contributes to global climate change, environmental degradation, and health problems1. J.O.'.M. Bockris, The origin of ideas on a hydrogen economy and its so"
Download or read book Methods in Methane Metabolism Part A written by Amy Rosenzweig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-05-11 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced by microbes on a large scale, methane is an important alternative fuel as well as a potent greenhouse gas. This volume focuses on microbial methane metabolism, which is central to the global carbon cycle. Both methanotrophy and methanogenesis are covered in detail. Topics include isolation and classification of microorganisms, metagenomics approaches, biochemistry of key metabolic enzymes, gene regulation and genetic systems, and field measurements. The state-of-the-art techniques described here will both guide researchers in specific pursuits and educate the wider scientific community about this exciting and rapidly developing field. Topics include isolation and classification of microorganisms, metagenomics approaches, biochemistry of key metabolic enzymes, gene regulation and genetic systems, and field measurements The state-of-the-art techniques described here will both guide researchers in specific pursuits and educate the wider scientific community about this exciting and rapidly developing field
Download or read book Methods in Methane Metabolism written by Amy Claire Rosenzweig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced by microbes on a large scale, methane is an important alternative fuel as well as a potent greenhouse gas. This volume focuses on microbial methane metabolism, which is central to the global carbon cycle. Both methanotrophy and methanogenesis are covered in detail. Topics include isolation and classification of microorganisms, metagenomics approaches, biochemistry of key metabolic enzymes, gene regulation and genetic systems, and field measurements. The state of the art techniques described here will both guide researchers in specific pursuits and educate the wider scientific community about this exciting and rapidly developing field. Topics include isolation and classification of microorganisms, metagenomics approaches, biochemistry of key metabolic enzymes, gene regulation and genetic systems, and field measurements. The state of the art techniques described here will both guide researchers in specific pursuits and educate the wider scientific community about this exciting and rapidly developing field.
Download or read book Genetic and Genome Wide Insights into Microbes Studied for Bioenergy written by Katherine M. Pappas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global mandate for safer, cleaner and renewable energy has accelerated research on microbes that convert carbon sources to end-products serving as biofuels of the so-called first, second or third generation – e.g., bioethanol or biodiesel derived from starchy, sugar-rich or oily crops; bioethanol derived from composite lignocellulosic biomass; and biodiesels extracted from oil-producing algae and cyanobacteria, respectively. Recent advances in ‘omics’ applications are beginning to cast light on the biological mechanisms underlying biofuel production. They also unravel mechanisms important for organic solvent or high-added-value chemical production, which, along with those for fuel chemicals, are significant to the broader field of Bioenergy. The Frontiers in Microbial Physiology Research Topic that led to the current e-book publication, operated from 2013 to 2014 and welcomed articles aiming to better understand the genetic basis behind Bioenergy production. It invited genetic studies of microbes already used or carrying the potential to be used for bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, and fuel gas production, as also of microbes posing as promising new catalysts for alternative bioproducts. Any research focusing on the systems biology of such microbes, gene function and regulation, genetic and/or genomic tool development, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology leading to strain optimization, was considered highly relevant to the topic. Likewise, bioinformatic analyses and modeling pertaining to gene network prediction and function were also desirable and therefore invited in the thematic forum. Upon e-book development today, we, at the editorial, strongly believe that all articles presented herein – original research papers, reviews, perspectives and a technology report – significantly contribute to the emerging insights regarding microbial-derived energy production. Katherine M. Pappas, 2016
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Workshop on Geo Omics of Archaea written by Chuanlun Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Stanley Falkow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-13 with total page 1157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised Third Edition of The Prokaryotes, acclaimed as a classic reference in the field, offers new and updated articles by experts from around the world on taxa of relevance to medicine, ecology and industry. Entries combine phylogenetic and systematic data with insights into genetics, physiology and application. Existing entries have been revised to incorporate rapid progress and technological innovation. The new edition improves on the lucid presentation, logical layout and abundance of illustrations that readers rely on, adding color illustration throughout. Expanded to seven volumes in its print form, the new edition adds a new, searchable online version.
Download or read book Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Sustainable Recycling of Organic Solid Waste written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-18 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers sustainable recycling processes (e.g. physical, biological, chemical, and thermo-chemical) of multiple organic solid wastes, provides methods for material recycle of wastes into value-added products including fuels and commodity chemicals that are able to be directly applied to promote manufacturing processes. Aimed at improving the awareness of effective conversion protocols and for developing innovative biomass conversion processes, this text was conceived as a collection of studies on state-of-art techniques and know-how for production of biofuels and chemicals from sustainable recycling of organic solid wastes. Topics in the text are discussed in terms of addressing recent advances, assessing and highlighting promising new methods or new technological strategies and direct conversion of organic solid wastes to process feeds. Highly-recognized authorities, experts and professionals have contributed individual chapters in selected areas to cover the overall topic in a comprehensive manner.
Download or read book Methanogenesis written by James G. Ferry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the general recognition of the Archaebacteria, research into the evolution, metabolism, molecular biology and ecological roles of these fastidious anaerobes has proceeded at an ever-increasing pace. All possess a very novel biochemistry and many exploit unique ecological niches. Methanogens, which convert one-and-two carbon compounds into the important atmospheric gas methane, are the largest group among the Archaebacteria. Of all microbial groups, methanogens provide perhaps the best opportunity to study evolution because of their phyologenetic diversity and unique biochemistry. Today, the analysis of methanogens is at a threshold. Molecular-biological studies of these microorganisms are revealing more and more processes unique to this group, and in turn, studies of methanogens are providing new perspectives to the broader fields of biochemistry and molecular biology. This volume is the first book to be published on methanogenesis, and it will provide the reader with a comprehensive view of the field and point to future trends.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strict and Facultative Anaerobes written by Michiko M. Nakano and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-20 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strict and Facultative Anaerobes: Medical and Environmental Aspects reviews all aspects of anaerobic bacteria, highlighting their environmental and medical importance. The first three chapters focus on taxonomy, anaerobic metabolism and the genetic regulation of anaerobic processes in strict and facultative anaerobes. The next section includes an e
Download or read book Archaea written by Roger A. Garrett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-05-12 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduced by Crafoord Prize winner Carl Woese, this volumecombines reviews of the major developments in archaeal researchover the past 10–15 years with more specialized articlesdealing with important recent breakthroughs. Drawing on majorthemes presented at the June 2005 meeting held in Munich to honorthe archaea pioneers Wolfram Zillig and Karl O. Stetter, the bookprovides a thorough survey of the field from its controversialbeginnings to its ongoing expansion to include aspects ofeukaryotic biology. The editors have assembled articles from the premier researchersin this rapidly burgeoning field, including an account by CarlWoese of his original discovery of the Archaea (until 1990 termedarchaebacteria) and the initially mixed reactions of the scientificcommunity. The review chapters and specialized articles address theemerging significance of the Archaea within a broader scientificand technological context, and include accounts of cutting-edgeresearch developments. The book spans archaeal evolution,physiology, and molecular and cellular biology and will be anessential reference for both graduate students and researchers.
Download or read book Advances in Microbial Physiology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Microbial Physiology, Volume 74, the latest release in this ongoing series, continues the long tradition of topical, important, cutting-edge reviews in microbiology. The book contains updates in the field, with comprehensive chapters covering The electrifying physiology of Geobacter bacteria 30 years on, Adaptive morphogenesis in bacteria, Bacterial energetics and respiratory metabolism, Bacteria respiration during infection, Regulation of Organohalide Respiration, Bioenergetics of Campylobacter jejuni, Formate Hydrogenlyases, Bioenergetical Aspects of the Bacterial and Archaeal Hydrogen Metabolism, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in microbial physiology Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of microbial physiology
Download or read book Genome Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book B Group Vitamins written by Jean Guy LeBlanc and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B-group vitamins are involved in numerous metabolic reactions and their widespread deficiency can cause a large series of health problems. The aim of this book is to provide an update on the current use and perspectives of B-group vitamins. Novel methods to detect folates in pregnant women, the use and role of folate dentistry, the use of genotype notification to modify food intake behavior, thiamin metabolism in Archaea and its role in plants and in crop improvement, the use of riboflavin in blood safety and niacin in metabolic stress and resistance in dairy cows are some of the subjects that are described in this multitopic book written by authors from seven different countries.
