Download or read book Analysis of Genes Encoding Glycolytic Enzymes in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum written by K. E. Hicks and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptomic Analysis of the Malaria Parasite During the Red Blood Cycle written by Hao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The World Health Organization has estimated that in 2015 there were 214 million cases of malaria that led to approximately 438,000 deaths. Effective drug treatments for malaria have been available, but resistance to these treatments has emerged and there is growing evidence that even the most recently developed antimalarials are losing their effectiveness. The development of novel therapeutics largely relies on a better understanding of parasite biology and pathogenesis. Materials & Methods: In order to unveil temporal-specific patterns of parasite gene expression, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the RNA-Seq data collected at seven time points during the red blood cell cycle, using CLC Genomics Workbench Version 8.0. All sequence reads were mapped to the latest reference genome sequence of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, PF3D7v3.0. Differential expression analysis was conducted for pair-wise comparisons across time points using the Exact Test as implemented in the EdgeR Bioconductor package. The Bonferroni method and the Benjamini and Hochberg's algorithm were used for multiple testing correction. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was conducted to identify over-represented functional categories. Results: Our analyses identified developmental-stage specific genes: in the ring and early trophozoite stage, genes encoding enzymes that regulate hemoglobin degradation and transcription were highly expressed and 247 genes associated with glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pathogenesis and pentose-phosphate shut were up-regulated; In the trophozoite and early schizont stage, genes encoding enzymes that regulate cellular biogenic amine biosynthesis and glycolysis maintained a high-level expression and 1,483 genes involved in TCA cycle, mitochondrion organization, deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process, DNA replication and DNA repair were induced; In the schizont stage, 785 genes associated with entry into host cell, actin filament organization, protein phosphorylation were over-expressed. Conclusions: Transcriptomic analysis of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle revealed an orchestrated transcriptional machinery and a "just-in-time" mechanism for transcriptional regulation in the malaria parasite.
Download or read book Investigations Into Aspects of Central Metabolism in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum written by Martin Read and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis combines four published research papers and a book chapter investigating aspects of central metabolism in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The publications are preceded by a statement which explores features of the research not fully described in the published texts, incorporates a review of the development over time and the present state of relevant scientific knowledge, and discusses the place of the individual papers and book chapter within malaria research. An assessment of the impact of each publication on its field of study is also included. A general discussion of the combination of papers as representative of the progress of research into the metabolism of malaria parasites concludes the statement section. The first publication is a chapter from a book, which describes detailed methods for the in vitro cultivation of P. falciparum. Such methodology, both robust and reliable, is a prerequisite for any investigation of parasite metabolism. The following publications are all primary research papers. The second publication describes the isolation and characterisation of the gene encoding the glycolytic pathway enzyme enolase from P. falciparum. The inferred amino acid sequence included peptide insertions found only in the enolases of higher plants and other photosynthetic organisms. This raised implications concerning the deep evolutionary history of the malaria parasite and related species. The third is concerned with the elucidation of the molecular basis of resistance to the antimalarial drug sulfadoxine. Resistance was found to result from point mutations within the dihydropteroate synthetase domain of the bifunctional protein hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphokinase-dihydroptero¬ate synthetase, an enzyme of the parasite folate pathway. Additionally, it was discovered that the presence of exogenous folate has an antagonistic effect on sulfadoxine in some parasites of a defined genotype. This highlighted the importance of folate salvage in parasite metabolism. Fourth is a paper representing the discovery of a novel metabolism in both P. falciparum and the related apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The use of parasite genes in rescuing an Escherichia coli tyrosine auxotroph resulted in a proof of function of the products of these genes as pterin-4a-carbinolaminedehydratases. Pterin recycling, hitherto undetected in apicomplexans, was therefore added to the known metabolic processes of these organisms. The final paper describes an investigation into the subcellular distribution of the folate pathway enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) within P. falciparum erythrocytic stage parasites. The use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunofluorescent techniques showed that SHMTc, the sole enzymatically active parasite SHMT protein, was found in the cytoplasm but also showed a stage-specific localisation to both the mitochondrion and apicoplast organelles. The otherwise enigmatic, enzymatically inert, SHMTm paralogue revealed a possible function, when in complex, in allowing targeted localisation of SHMTc to the mitochondrion. The spatial distribution of SHMTm also suggested a possible role in the morphogenesis of elongating apicoplasts during schizogony.
Download or read book Malaria Parasites written by Andrew P. Waters and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2004 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The completion of the Plasmodium falciparum genome sequence in late 2002 heralded a new era in malaria research. The search began in earnest for new drugs and vaccines to combat malaria, a disease which afflicts up to 500 million people worldwide and is responsible for the deaths of more than one million people each year. The new genomic data is aiding a greater understanding of the living parasite and its interaction with the insect vector and human host. In this book internationally renowned experts provide up-to-date reviews of the most important aspects of post-genomic malaria research. Topics covered include: the P. falciparum genome and model parasites, bioinformatics and genome databases, microsatellite analysis, analysis of chromosome structure, cell cycle to RNA polymerase I and II mediated gene expression, role of the nuclear genome, the parasite surface and cell biology, and much more. The book is essential to all researchers working in this highly topical field and is recommended reading for scientists in other areas of biology and medicine.
Download or read book Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Genes Encoding Putative Signal Transduction Proteins from the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum written by Jiliang Li and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Malaria written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is making a dramatic comeback in the world. The disease is the foremost health challenge in Africa south of the Sahara, and people traveling to malarious areas are at increased risk of malaria-related sickness and death. This book examines the prospects for bringing malaria under control, with specific recommendations for U.S. policy, directions for research and program funding, and appropriate roles for federal and international agencies and the medical and public health communities. The volume reports on the current status of malaria research, prevention, and control efforts worldwide. The authors present study results and commentary on the: Nature, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and epidemiology of malaria. Biology of the malaria parasite and its vector. Prospects for developing malaria vaccines and improved treatments. Economic, social, and behavioral factors in malaria control.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Malaria written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Malaria represents a vast databank of information about the study of malaria. It provides an overview of the historical, rapid and significant developments that have occurred in malaria research, including the 2002 genome sequencing of Plasmodium falciparum and its mosquito vector, Anopheles gambiae. This work provides a concise source of up-to-date research findings in the form of definitions and essays and present comprehensive coverage of topics from history to findings to diagnosis and treatment, written by recognized malaria researchers with practical experience. It appeals to a diverse audience, including malaria researchers, teachers, investigators and public health professionals.
Download or read book The Malaria Genome Projects written by Irwin W. Sherman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 2012 marks the tenth anniversary of the announcement of the genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and that of its mosquito vector Anopheles. The genome sequences were a result of the Plasmodium falciparum Genome Project. This book covers in detail the biology of malaria parasites and the mosquitoes that transmit the disease, how the Genome Project came into being, the people who created it, and the cadre of scientists who are attempting to see the promise of the Project realized. The promise was: a more complete understanding of the genes of the parasite (and its vector) would provide a rational basis for the development of antimalarial drugs and vaccines, allow a better understanding of the regulation of the complex life cycle in the red blood and liver cells of the human, identify the genes the parasite uses to thwart the host immune response and the ways in which the parasite evades cure by drug treatments, as well as leading to more effective measures of control transmission. The hope was that cracking the genetic code of Plasmodium and Anopheles would reveal the biochemical Achilles heel of the parasite and its vector, leading to the development of novel drugs and better methods of control, and by finding the targets of protective immunity could result in the manufacture of effective vaccines. Through a historic approach, this book will allow for those new to the field, or those with insufficient background in the sciences, to have an easier entry point. Even scientists already working in the field may better appreciate how discoveries made in the past can impact the direction of future research.
Download or read book Enzyme Kinetics in Drug Metabolism written by Swati Nagar and published by Humana. This book was released on 2014-02-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug metabolism and transport are very important facets within the discipline of pharmaceutical sciences, with enzyme kinetic concepts utilized regularly in characterizing and modeling the disposition and elimination of drugs. Enzyme Kinetics in Drug Metabolism: Fundamentals and Applications focuses on very practical aspects of applying kinetic principles to drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Divided into five convenient sections, topics include the fundamental principles of enzyme kinetics, the kinetics of oxidative and conjugative drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, modeling approaches for both drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters including novel systems biology approaches, understanding of variability both experimental and interindividual (pharmacogenomic), and case studies that provide real life examples of applying these principles. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics especially suitable for the novice, in some cases step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and insights to help with troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls with extensive cross referencing to assist in learning. Authoritative and easily accessible, Enzyme Kinetics in Drug Metabolism: Fundamentals and Applications serves as a very practical teaching tool for novice, non-mathematically trained scientists interested in these fundamental concepts and as an aid for their supervisors in teaching these principles.
Download or read book Mitochondria and Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Eukaryotes written by William F. Martin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are sometimes called the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, because mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis in the cell. ATP is the universal energy currency, it provides the power that runs all other life processes. Humans need oxygen to survive because of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. The sugars from our diet are converted to carbon dioxide in mitochondria in a process that requires oxygen. Just like a fire needs oxygen to burn, our mitochondria need oxygen to make ATP. From textbooks and popular literature one can easily get the impression that all mitochondria require oxygen. But that is not the case. There are many groups of organismsm known that make ATP in mitochondria without the help of oxygen. They have preserved biochemical relicts from the early evolution of eukaryotic cells, which took place during times in Earth history when there was hardly any oxygen avaiable, certainly not enough to breathe. How the anaerobic forms of mitochondria work, in which organisms they occur, and how the eukaryotic anaerobes that possess them fit into the larger picture of rising atmospheric oxygen during Earth history are the topic of this book.
Download or read book World Malaria Report 2018 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year s report shows that after an unprecedented period of success in global malaria control progress has stalled. Data from 2015?2017 highlight that no significant progress in reducing global malaria cases was made in this period. There were an estimated 219 million cases and 435 000 related deaths in 2017. The World malaria report 2018 draws on data from 90 countries and areas with ongoing malaria transmission. The information is supplemented by data from national household surveys and databases held by other organizations.
Download or read book The Pentose Phosphate Pathway written by Terry Wood and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pentose Phosphate Pathway aims to explore the pentose phosphate cycle and the practical techniques applied in its investigation. The main focus of the book is the pentose phosphate cycle in animals as well as microorganisms, and does not discuss the one related to photosynthesis. The book covers the formulation of the pathway, its types, and its alternative formulations; the preparation, processes, and analysis of the pathway; and the enzymes involved. Also covered in the book are the intermediates in intact cells and tissues; distribution of enzymes among different tissues and species; the operation, regulation, and overall control of the pathway; and the clinical, nutritional, and metabolic aspects of the pathway. The text is recommended for biologists and biochemists who would like to understand further the pentose phosphate pathway and the processes related to it.
Download or read book Malaria written by Irwin W. Sherman and published by Amer Society for Microbiology. This book was released on 1998-01 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every 30 seconds a death is caused by Malaria. This book brings together recent advances in our understanding of the basic biology, genetics and pathogenesis of malaria, to facilitate the rapid generation of new insights and interventions. Each chapter is written by a leading expert(s), and serves as both a useful introduction to the area and a helpful set of references. Malaria: Parasite Biology, Pathogenesis and Protection is a useful entry point for graduate and medical students, scientists and individuals engaged in a subspecialty of Malaria research, as well as those who are simply interested in getting a grasp on the present status of this ever burgeoning public health problem.
Download or read book Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases written by Michel Tibayrenc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases is at the crossroads between two major scientific fields of the 21st century: evolutionary biology and infectious diseases. The genomic revolution has upset modern biology and has revolutionized our approach to ancient disciplines such as evolutionary studies. In particular, this revolution is profoundly changing our view on genetically driven human phenotypic diversity, and this is especially true in disease genetic susceptibility. Infectious diseases are indisputably the major challenge of medicine. When looking globally, they are the number one killer of humans and therefore the main selective pressure exerted on our species. Even in industrial countries, infectious diseases are now far less under control than 20 years ago. The first part of this book covers the main features and applications of modern technologies in the study of infectious diseases. The second part provides detailed information on a number of the key infectious diseases such as malaria, SARS, avian flu, HIV, tuberculosis, nosocomial infections and a few other pathogens that will be taken as examples to illustrate the power of modern technologies and the value of evolutionary approaches. Takes an integrated approach to infectious diseases Includes contributions from leading authorities Provides the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Cambridge Scientific Biochemistry Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Obstetric Hematology Manual written by Sue Pavord and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the rapidly growing complexities of obstetric hematology and high-risk pregnancy management, with experts in the field. Now in its second edition, this comprehensive and essential guide focuses on providing the best support for patients and clinical staff, to prevent serious complications in pregnancy and the post-partum period for both mother and baby. Wide-ranging and detailed, the guide offers discussions on basic principles of best care, through to tackling lesser-known hematological conditions, such as cytopenias and hemoglobinopathies. Updated with color illustrations, cutting-edge research, accurate blood film reproductions, and practical case studies, the revised edition places invaluable advice into everyday context. This unique resource is essential reading for trainees and practitioners in obstetrics, anesthesia, and hematology, as well as midwives, nurses, and laboratory staff. Clarifying difficult procedures for disease prevention, the guide ensures safety when the stakes are high. Reflecting current evidence-based guidelines, the updated volume is key to improving pregnancy outcomes worldwide.
Download or read book Genetics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
