Download or read book Analysis of Environmental Conditions and Types of Biodeterioration Affecting the Preservation of Archaeological Wood at the Kolding Shipwreck Site written by Brian Arthur Jordan and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Formation Processes of Maritime Archaeological Landscapes written by Alicia Caporaso and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-05 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research into the anthropogenic and taphonomic processes that affect the formation of maritime archaeological resources has grown significantly over the last decade in both theory and the analysis of specific sites and associated material culture. The addition of interdisciplinary inquiry, investigative techniques, and analytical modeling, from fields such as engineering, oceanography, and marine biology have increased our ability to trace the unique pathways through which archaeological sites progress from initial deposition to the present, yet can also link individual sites into an integrated socio-environmental maritime landscape. This edited volume presents a global perspective of current research in maritime archaeological landscape formation processes. In addition to “classically” considered submerged material culture and geography, or those that can be accessed by traditional underwater methodology, case studies include less-often considered sites and landscapes. These landscapes, for example, require archaeologists to use geophysical marine survey equipment to characterize extensive areas of the seafloor or go above the surface to access maritime archaeological resources that have received less scholarly attention.
Download or read book ICOM Committee for Conservation written by ICOM Committee for Conservation. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biodeterioration of Wooden Cultural Heritage written by Anastasia Pournou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since prehistoric times and throughout the course of human evolution, wood has been an integral part of all civilizations. Wooden Cultural Heritage can be found worldwide, providing valuable information on the social and economic context of human history. Nonetheless, as a natural cellulosic material, wood shows low resistance to biodeterioration and thus wooden Cultural Heritage often fails to escape decomposition in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This book provides a comprehensive overview on the biodeterioration of wooden Cultural Heritage and describes the decay mechanisms of key organisms and microorganisms encountered in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Cultural Heritage professionals, researchers and academics may explore within this book the associations between deteriogens, habitats and decay, which will assist them to understand wood biodeterioration and design effective prevention, mitigation and remediation strategies. The book presents case studies around the world to demonstrate the impact of biogenic deterioration on wooden Cultural Heritage and illustrates mechanisms and patterns in order to be a useful handbook of decay diagnosis. Lastly, by adopting a holistic approach to wood decay, basic concepts of wood technology, ecology, and deteriogens' biology are introduced, permitting readers of different scientific backgrounds to easily comprehend wood biodeterioration.
Download or read book Waterlogged Archaeological Wood written by Charlotte Gjelstrup Björdal and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bacterial Wood Degradation written by Jana Gelbrich and published by Sierke Verlag. This book was released on 2009 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research on Biodeterioration of Wood 1987 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors affecting the accelerated biodeterioration of wood in unsterile soils written by J. G. Mwangi and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Quantitative and Nondestructive Method for Determining the Degradation of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood written by Jessica Bingham and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaeological artifacts are an essential part of preserving history and culture, and can be valuable tools for enhancing education and contributing economic benefits through tourism. Of the artifacts that one may encounter, waterlogged archaeological wood is one of the most difficult materials to conserve. Without knowing the level of degradation of the wood, conservators cannot properly stabilize and conserve the waterlogged archaeological wooden artifact. Currently, an established method commonly used to determine the level of degradation of waterlogged archaeological wood is the pin test. Alternative and more quantitative methods are destructive, expensive, time consuming, and not readily available to archeologists or conservators. An analytical method that can quantitatively determine the degradation level accurately in order to properly stabilize and conserve the waterlogged archaeological wood would be a valuable tool for a conservation specialist. The main goal of this project was to develop such a method. Lignin was chosen as the primary component of analysis in this study, since it is the last structural component within wood to degrade. Determining the concentration of lignin will result in a more quantitative measure of the degree of degradation. Preliminary infrared data revealed a trend in lignin concentrations confirming that infrared spectroscopy has the potential to quantitatively determine the degradation of waterlogged archaeological wood. Two gravimetric methods were utilized to obtain percentages of lignin concentration within tongue depressors and compared to create an improved gravimetric analysis. The lignin quantities found from the modified gravimetric analyses were used as reference data with infrared spectroscopy so that known quantities of lignin may be compared with and verify the spectroscopic results. If the concentrations of lignin obtained by infrared spectroscopy are confirmed by the improved gravimetric analysis results, then a new nondestructive and quantitative method to determine the level of degradation of wooden waterlogged artifacts will only take minutes rather than weeks.
Download or read book Interpreting Shipwrecks written by Jonathan Adams and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shipwrecks are a key site-type for maritime archaeological research and their investigations have been prominent in the subject's development over the last sixty years. At one time their value was often squandered, with anything from cursory surveys to total excavations being undertaken for the same reason George Mallory suggested that mountains were climbed: because they were there. Today it is recognised that the remains of wrecked ships, through their distribution in time and space, their variety and their complexity, comprise one of the richest forms of archaeological source material. This volume brings together researchers who explore the ways in which ships can be understood and interpreted as material culture through their wreck sites, focusing on ships as artefacts, as agents, as technology, as society, as ideology and as symbols, as well as on what they carried and the people who sailed on them. Collectively they show that shipwrecks are not just the preserve of nautical specialists but have wider implications for the understanding of human action and past societies. The editors: Jon Adams is a Professor of Archaeology at the University of Southampton and the founding Director of Southampton's Centre for Maritime Archaeology (CMA). Johan Rönnby is Professor of Archaeology at Södertörn University and Director of the Maritime Archaeological Research Institute at Södertörn (MARIS).
Download or read book The preservation and degradation of wood in wetland archaeological and landfill sites written by Robert John Smith and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Potential Acidification of Marine Archaeological Wood Based on Concentration of Sulfur Species written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of sulfur in marine archaeological wood presents a challenge to conservation. Upon exposure to oxygen, sulfur compounds in waterlogged wooden artifacts are being oxidized, producing sulfuric acid. This speeds the degradation of the wood, potentially damaging specimens beyond repair. Sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to identify the species of sulfur present in samples from the timbers of the Mary Rose, a preserved 16th century warship known to undergo degradation through acidification. The results presented here show that sulfur content varied significantly on a local scale. Only certain species of sulfur have the potential to produce sulfuric acid by contact with oxygen and seawater in situ, such as iron sulfides and elemental sulfur. Organic sulfurs, such as the amino acids cysteine and methionine, may produce acid but are integral parts of the wood's structure and may not be released from the organic matrix. The sulfur species contained in the sample reflect the exposure to oxygen while submerged, and this exposure can differ greatly over time and position. A better understanding of the species pathway to acidifications required, along with its location, in order to suggest a more customized and effective preservation strategy. Waterlogged archaeological wood, frequently in the form of shipwrecks, is being excavated for historical purposes in many countries around the world. Even after extensive efforts towards preservation, scientists are discovering that accumulation of sulfate salts results in acidic conditions on the surfaces of the artifacts. Sulfuric acid degrades structural fibers in the wood by acid hydrolysis of cellulose, accelerating the decomposition of the ship timbers. Determining the sulfur content of waterlogged wood is now of great importance in maritime archaeology. Artifact preservation is often more time consuming and expensive than the original excavation; but it is key to the availability of objects for future study as well as maintaining the integrity of historical data and preserving the value of museum pieces. Sulfur occurs in a wide number of oxidation states from -2 to +6, and appears in numerous organic and inorganic compounds in nature. However, it is a very minor component of wood. Sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a valuable technique because it has the ability to detect very low concentrations of sulfur in the specimen. XAS is also sensitive to differences in oxidation states, as well as long and short range order in molecules.
Download or read book Life cycle analysis written by Susan L. LeVAN and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization and Conservation of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood written by Caroline J. Buhion and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-06-02 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the extensive use of treated wood products throughout urban and agricultural communities, information concerning the environmental and health risks associated with treated wood is very much in demand. Responding to increasing need for a comprehensive and cohesive source on this topic, Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood compiles the latest
