Download or read book Analysis of Degrading Concrete Structures written by William David Galik and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concrete infrastructure of the United States is reaching its nominal design life. More than 65% of the highway bridges in the US are reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete construction and 20% of those bridges do not meet current mini-mum design standards. Damage in these structures often manifests as reinforcement corrosion, an insidious mechanism that may remain hidden until damage has progressed to an advanced state. Corrosion reduces reinforcement area, reduces bond strength, and induces concrete cracking. The deterioration process is exacerbated by live loads that increase over time. Cyclic live loads are especially damaging when paired with corrosion damage, reducing reinforcement fatigue life by magnitudes. The challenge of dealing with aging infrastructure must begin with the identification of at-risk structures. Failure of aging structures is often characterized by a lack of redundancy, defined as the ability of a structure to withstand the loss of a load-resisting component. In the case of load redistribution due to member failure, a structure may develop complex and unanticipated stress distributions. Proper tools are needed to analyze the complex stress-states that arise upon load-redistribution due to member failure. This study presents two analytical schemes for the analysis of combined corrosion and fatigue, based on experimental data from the literature. The methods can predict the fatigue life of corroded reinforcement if alternating stresses in the reinforcement are known. Additionally, this thesis reviews truss model theories for the prediction of a prestressed concrete member's response to combined loads, with a focus on the torsional response. The tools are implemented in a case study of the Morandi Bridge, which partially collapsed on August 14, 2018 in Genoa Italy, killing 43. Potential collapse mechanisms observed from surveillance footage are investigated with the aid of the corrosion, fatigue, and combined loading tools presented in this work. The results of the study suggest that failure of the Morandi Bridge could have originated in the cable stay due to the combined effect of corrosion and fatigue. After failure of a stay, the unbalanced structure would not have been able to redistribute the loads and the bridge's main deck would have failed in torsion.

Download or read book Damage to Concrete Structures written by Geert De Schutter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serious degradation mechanisms can severely reduce the service life of concrete structures: steel reinforcement can corrode, cement matrix can be attacked, and even aggregates can show detrimental processes. Therefore, it is important to understand how damage can occur to concrete structures and to appreciate the timing of the actions leading to damage. Damage to Concrete Structures summarizes the state-of-the-art information on the degradation of concrete structures, and gives a clear and comprehensive overview of what can go wrong. Offering a logical flow, the chapters are ordered according to the chronological timing of the actions leading to concrete damage. The author explains the different actions or mechanisms in a fundamental manner, without too many physical or chemical details, to provide greater clarity and readability. The book describes the different causes of damage to concrete, including inappropriate design, errors during execution, mechanisms occurring during hardening of concrete, and actions or degradation mechanisms during service life (hardened concrete). The degradation mechanisms are illustrated with numerous real-world examples and many drawings and photographs taken of actual structures. Written as a textbook for students as well as a reference for professionals, this easy-to-comprehend book gives readers a deeper understanding of the damage that can occur to concrete during the construction process and service.

Download or read book Durability of Concrete Structures and Constructions written by L.M. Poukhonto and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: General principles of durability design of reinforced concrete structures: State of the art; Structural features of engineering installations for storage of dry materials and liquids; Analysis of defects and damages in reinforced concrete silos, bunkers, and reservoirs in service; Analysis of main degradation processes in concrete and reinforced concrete structures of engineering installations; Analysis of models of durability for the main degradation processes in concrete and reinforcement ; Investigation of statistical parameters of operational loads in engineering structures; Experimental and theoretical investigation of strength of reinforced concrete members of engineering structures under sustained low-cycle loading; Durability design of reinforced concrete structures of engineering installations based on the Limit State Method; Application of Finite Element Method in numerical investigation of durability of reinforced concrete silos; Practical methods of enhancing durability of reinforced concrete structures of engineering installations service; Conclusion; Index.

Download or read book Advances in Modeling Concrete Service Life written by Carmen Andrade and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-23 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, a critical analysis is made on service life models related to reinforcement corrosion. The contributors are on the frontier of knowledge in the field of durability of reinforced concrete. Topics covered in the book include: causes and mechanisms of deterioration, transport mechanisms in concrete, numerical modeling of concrete behavior, durability modeling and prediction, reliability approach to structural design for durability, structural behavior following degradation of concrete structures, deterioration and repair of concrete structures, and corrosion measurement techniques.

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Degraded Concrete Structures Workshop Proceedings written by Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), 75 - Paris (FR). Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI). and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Deteriorated Concrete written by Frank Rendell and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2002 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Concrete - Deterioration of concrete - In situ investigation of concrete deterioration - Laboratory testing - X-ray diffraction analysis - Scanning electron microscopy and micro-analysis - Physiochemical examination of concrete - Case studies - Appendix 1 Data interpretation - Appendix 2 Interaction between radiation and a solid - Appendix 3 Structure and description of crystals - Appendix 4 Mineralogical data - Index

Download or read book Durability of Concrete Structures written by J. M. P. Q. Delgado and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a collection of recent research works, related to structural stability and durability, service life, reinforced concrete structures, recycled materials, and sustainability with endogenic materials. Intended as an overview of the current state of knowledge, the book will benefit scientists, students, practitioners, lecturers and other interested parties. At the same time, the topics covered are relevant to a variety of scientific and engineering disciplines, including civil, materials and mechanical engineering.

Download or read book Safety and performance concept Reliability assessment of concrete structures written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete structures have been built for more than 100 years. At first, reinforced concrete was used for buildings and bridges, even for those with large spans. Lack of methods for structural analysis led to conservative and reliable design. Application of prestressed concrete started in the 40s and strongly developed in the 60s. The spans of bridges and other structures like halls, industrial structures, stands, etc. grew significantly larger. At that time, the knowledge of material behaviour, durability and overall structural performance was substantially less developed than it is today. In many countries statically determined systems with a fragile behavior were designed for cast in situ as well as precast structures. Lack of redundancy resulted in a low level of robustness in structural systems. In addition, the technical level of individual technologies (e.g. grouting of prestressed cables) was lower than it is today. The number of concrete structures, including prestressed ones, is extremely high. Over time and with increased loading, the necessity of maintaining safety and performance parameters is impossible without careful maintenance, smaller interventions, strengthening and even larger reconstructions. Although some claim that unsatisfactory structures should be replaced by new ones, it is often impossible, as authorities, in general, have only limited resources. Most structures have to remain in service, probably even longer than initially expected. In order to keep the existing concrete structures in an acceptable condition, the development of methods for monitoring, inspection and assessment, structural identification, nonlinear analysis, life cycle evaluation and safety and prediction of the future behaviour, etc. is necessary. The scatter of individual input parameters must be considered as a whole. This requires probabilistic approaches to individual partial problems and to the overall analysis. The members of the fib Task Group 2.8 “Safety and performance concepts” wrote, on the basis of the actual knowledge and experience, a comprehensive document that provides crucial knowledge for existing structures, which is also applicable to new structures. This guide to good practice is divided into 10 basic chapters dealing with individual issues that are critical for activities associated with preferably existing concrete structures. Bulletin 86 starts with the specification of the performance-based requirements during the entire lifecycle. The risk issues are described in chapter two. An extensive part is devoted to structural reliability, including practical engineering approaches and reliability assessment of existing structures. Safety concepts for design consider the lifetime of structures and summarise safety formats from simple partial safety factors to develop approaches suitable for application in sophisticated, probabilistic, non-linear analyses. Testing for design and the determination of design values from the tests is an extremely important issue. This is especially true for the evaluation of existing structures. Inspection and monitoring of existing structures are essential for maintenance, for the prediction of remaining service life and for the planning of interventions. Chapter nine presents probabilistically-based models for material degradation processes. Finally, case studies are presented in chapter ten. The results of the concrete structures monitoring as well as their application for assessment and prediction of their future behaviour are shown. The risk analysis of highway bridges was based on extensive monitoring and numerical evaluation programs. Case studies perfectly illustrate the application of the methods presented in the Bulletin. The information provided in this guide is very useful for practitioners and scientists. It provides the reader with general procedures, from the specification of requirements, monitoring, assessment to the prediction of the structures’ lifecycles. However, one must have a sufficiently large amount of experimental and other data (e.g. construction experience) in order to use these methods correctly. This data finally allows for a statistical evaluation. As it is shown in case studies, extensive monitoring programs are necessary. The publication of this guide and other documents developed within the fib will hopefully help convince the authorities responsible for safe and fluent traffic on bridges and other structures that the costs spent in monitoring are first rather small, and second, they will repay in the form of a serious assessment providing necessary information for decision about maintenance and future of important structures.

Download or read book Durability Design of Concrete Structures written by A. Sarja and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete structures can be designed for durability by applying the principles and procedures of reliability theory combined with traditional structural design. This book is the first systematic attempt to introduce into structural design a general theory of structural reliability and existing calculation models for common degradation processes. It covers both the theoretical background and practical design for service life and includes worked examples which highlight the application of the design procedure and methods.

Download or read book Service Life and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures written by Carmen Andrade and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-15 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the 8th International PhD Student Workshop on Service Life and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures that was held in Marne-la-Vallée, France, on September the 26th and 27th 2016. Topics discussed in the book are related to durability performance of reinforced concrete, service life modelling, prevention, protection and repair. Reinforced concrete structures may prove to be very durable, however, their gradual degradation over time impairing both serviceability and structural safety is still a matter of great practical concern in view of the large economic consequences for assessment, maintenance and repair. Corrosion of steel reinforcement is considered to be the most detrimental process responsible for structural deterioration. Many studies are in progress to develop a comprehensive engineering approach for assessment of the initiation and the propagation period of corrosion in both uncracked and cracked concrete. Modelling of chloride penetration and carbonation has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, however, there is still much debate on several essential aspects such as the chloride threshold level. ASR, and acid, sulphate and frost attack and other mechanisms remain important areas of study. In addition, the interaction between different degradation mechanisms requires further understanding. The worskhop was organised under the auspices of RILEM EAC (Educational Activities Committee), with the aim to bring together young researchers in the field of durability of concrete.

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Degraded Concrete Structures written by Workshop on Finite Element Analysis of Degraded Concrete Structures and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the European Association on Quality Control of Bridges and Structures written by Carlo Pellegrino and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-11 with total page 1454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the latest advances and innovations in the field of quality control and improvement of bridges and structures, as presented by international researchers and engineers at the 1st Conference of the European Association on Quality Control of Bridges and Structures (EUROSTRUCT 2021), held in Padua, Italy on August 29 – September 1, 2021. Contributions include a wide range of topics such as testing and advanced diagnostic techniques for damage detection; SHM and AI, IoT and machine learning for data analysis of bridges and structures; fiberoptics and smart sensors for long-term SHM; structural reliability, risk, robustness, redundancy and resilience for bridges; corrosion models, fatigue analysis and impact of hazards on infrastructure components; bridge and asset management systems, and decision-making models; Life-Cycle Analysis, retrofit and service-life extension, risk management protocols; quality control plans, sustainability and green materials.

Download or read book Optimum Decision Making for Life Cycle Cost Minimization of Corroding Reinforced Concrete Structures Under Uncertainty written by Konstantinos Papakonstantinou and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Durability of reinforced concrete structures, especially of older ones, is a critical issue in countries, where infrastructure networks are getting aged. Accurate description of the extent of damage in degrading structures is of major interest in the context of maintenance, life-cycle costing and structural reliability. Among the various deterioration processes, corrosion of the reinforcing steel in concrete is one of the major factors for structural capacity degradation and economic losses. Addressing this problem, a spatial, stochastic, chloride induced corrosion model of reinforced concrete structures will be analyzed. Modeling the spatial variability of model parameters gives one the ability, not only to quantify the probability of degradation, but the extent of damage as well. The model aspires to predict structures' extent of damage for their whole service life period. The only efficient way of predicting reliable results, throughout the years, is by utilizing inspection information to update the model. This stochastic inverse problem, concerning the spatial extent of damage, presents many challenges however, in realistic applications, mainly due to computational intractability. To overcome this obstacle, a series of steps are taken consisting of sensitivity analysis, quadrature techniques, the unscented transformation and Bayesian updating. The specific updating procedure allows the solution of the problem in reasonable computational time, even for large structures and sophisticated numerical models. Finally, the corrosion model, together with its inverse solver, are incorporated in a sequential decision making algorithm which is responsible for sustainable management and allocation of resources, for inspection and maintenance of degrading concrete structures under safety requirements. The developed framework is based on Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes and asynchronous dynamic programming. The best knowledge that a decision-maker can have at each time step is utilized, observation and maintenance results are not considered certain and the suggested policies are non-periodic and non-stationary.

Download or read book Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures written by Paul Chess and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-23 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete structures corrode as they age, with significant financial implications, but it is not immediately clear why some are more durable than others. This book looks at the mechanisms for corrosion and how corrosion engineering can be used for these problems to be minimized in future projects. Several different examples of reinforced concrete structures with corrosion problems are described and the various life enhancement solutions considered and applied are discussed. The book includes a chapter on the effectiveness of corrosion monitoring techniques and questions why the reality is at odds with current theory and standards. Specialist contractors, consultants and owners of corrosion damaged structures will find this an extremely useful resource. It will also be a valuable reference for students at postgraduate level.

Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures written by Amir Poursaee and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-17 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of reinforcing steel is now recognized as the major cause of degradation of concrete structures in many parts of the world. Despite this, infrastructure expenditure is being unreasonably decreased by sequestration and the incredible shrinking discretionary budget. All components of our infrastructure including highways, airports, water supply, waste treatment, energy supply, and power generation require significant investment and are subjected to degradation by corrosion, which significantly reduces the service life, reliability, functionality of structures and equipment, and safety. Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures provides a comprehensive review of the subject, in addition to recent advances in research and technological developments, from reinforcing materials to measurement techniques and modelling. This book contains not only all the important aspects in the field of corrosion of steel reinforced concrete but also discusses new topics and future trends. Part One of the book tackles theoretical concepts of corrosion of steel in concrete structures. The second part moves on to analyse the variety of reinforcing materials and concrete, including stainless steel and galvanized steel. Part Three covers measurements and evaluations, such as electrochemical techniques and acoustic emission. Part Four reviews protection and maintenance methods, whilst the final section analyses modelling, latest developments and future trends in the field. The book is essential reading for researchers, practitioners and engineers who are involved in materials characterisation and corrosion of steel in concrete structures. Provides comprehensive coverage on a broad range of topics related to the corrosion of steel bars in concrete Discusses the latest measuring methods and advanced modeling techniques Reviews the range of reinforcing materials and types of concrete

Download or read book Failure Distress and Repair of Concrete Structures written by Norb Delatte and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and recognising failure mechanisms in concrete is a fundamental pre-requisite to determining the type of repair, or whether a repair is feasible. This title provides a review of concrete deterioration and damage, as well as looking at the problem of defects in concrete. It also discusses condition assessment and repair techniques. Part one discusses failure mechanisms in concrete and covers topics such as causes and mechanisms of deterioration in reinforced concrete, types of damage in concrete structures, types and causes of cracking and condition assessment of concrete structures. Part two reviews the repair of concrete structures with coverage of themes such as standards and guidelines for repairing concrete structures, methods of crack repair, repair materials, bonded concrete overlays, repairing and retrofitting concrete structures with fiber-reinforced polymers, patching deteriorated concrete structures and durability of repaired concrete. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Failure and repair of concrete structures is a standard reference for civil engineers, architects and anyone working in the construction sector, as well as those concerned with ensuring the safety of concrete structures. Provides a review of concrete deterioration and damage Discusses condition assessment and repair techniques, standards and guidelines

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Degraded Concrete Structures written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: