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Book Administrative Report LJ

Download or read book Administrative Report LJ written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Public Draft Recovery Plan for the Evolutionarily Significant Units of Sacramento River Winter run Chinook Salmon and Central Valley Spring run Chinook Salmon and the Distinct Population Segment of Central Valley Steelhead

Download or read book Public Draft Recovery Plan for the Evolutionarily Significant Units of Sacramento River Winter run Chinook Salmon and Central Valley Spring run Chinook Salmon and the Distinct Population Segment of Central Valley Steelhead written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Biological Opinion that Address the Potential Effects on Sacramento River Winter run Chinook Salmon from the Bureau of Reclamation s Proposed Los Vaqueros Project

Download or read book Biological Opinion that Address the Potential Effects on Sacramento River Winter run Chinook Salmon from the Bureau of Reclamation s Proposed Los Vaqueros Project written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Recommendations for the Recovery of the Sacramento River Winter run Chinook Salmon

Download or read book Recommendations for the Recovery of the Sacramento River Winter run Chinook Salmon written by Sacramento River Winter-run Chinook Salmon Recovery Team and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book A Modeling Study of Changes in the Sacramento River Winter run Chinook Salmon Population Due to Climate Change

Download or read book A Modeling Study of Changes in the Sacramento River Winter run Chinook Salmon Population Due to Climate Change written by Rosemarie Lingad Dimacali and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sacramento River Winter-run Chinook Salmon (salmon) populations are declining and have been classified as an endangered species since 1994. Populations are sensitive to water temperatures and flow, both of which have changed due to hydraulic operations, and may continue to change in response to climate change. The purpose of this study is to estimate changes in salmon populations in response to a hypothetical climate change scenario using computer models. For two hypothetical climate scenarios, flow data for California's water system have been simulated and made publicly available as part of Department of Water Resource's 2011 State Water Project Delivery Reliability Report. The climate scenarios are: (1) historical climate conditions, and (2) medium-to-high emissions and air temperature changes (a 2050 level of development, A2 greenhouse gas level of emissions). For this study, DWR's flow data, based on 80 years of historical hydrology, and the associated temperatures projected by the ECHAM-5 climate model were used to simulate water temperatures, salmon mortality rates, and salmon production in the upper Sacramento River between Keswick Dam and Red Bluff Dam. The models used in this study -- the Sacramento River Water Quality Model (SRWQM) and the Salmonid Population Model (SALMOD) -- are the same models used by the U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). SRWQM results show that climate change causes a 3 ̊F increase in maximum water temperatures. SALMOD results show water temperature changes affect the salmon population significantly more than flow. In typical years, calculated salmon mortalities were not changed significantly by climate change (CC). In contrast, when conditions were unfavorable, salmon mortalities were substantially higher under the CC scenario and these unfavorable conditions happened with greater frequency.

Book Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead federal agencies recovery responsibilities expenditures and actions

Download or read book Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead federal agencies recovery responsibilities expenditures and actions written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead populations were once the world's largest. Before 1550, an estimated 16 million salmon and steelhead returned to the basin annually to spawn. Over the past 25 years, however, the number of salmon and steelhead returning to the Columbia River Basin has averaged around 660,000 per year, although annual population levels have varied widely. Various factors have contributed to the long-term decline including over-harvesting, the construction and operation of dams, the degradation of spawning habitat, increased human population, and unfavorable weather and ocean conditions. The population decline has resulted in the listing of 12 salmon and steelhead populations in the basin as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Once a species is listed as threatened or endangered, the ESA requires that efforts be taken to allow the species to recover. The Department of Commerce's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is the lead agency responsible for the recovery of the threatened or endangered populations of Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead. The recovery of a species entails the development and implementation of a plan for the species' conservation and survival. The ESA also requires other federal agencies to consult with NMFS before they take any action that may jeopardize the continued existence of listed salmon or steelhead populations in the Columbia River Basin. You asked us to (1) identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal agencies involved with the recovery of Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead, (2) determine how much they have spent collectively on recovery efforts, and (3) determine what recovery actions they have undertaken and what they have accomplished.

Book Cost effectiveness Analysis for Endangered and Threatened Snake River Salmon Recovery Planning

Download or read book Cost effectiveness Analysis for Endangered and Threatened Snake River Salmon Recovery Planning written by Brian E. Garber-Yonts and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis addresses the costs of implementation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the particular case of Snake River chinook salmon. Unlike most previous listings under the act, restoration of Snake River salmon will have impacts on a very broad array of industries and user groups over a region that spans several states and crosses international boundaries. It is indeed projected that the potential economic effects of salmon recovery will outweigh those of every other species listing under the ESA put together. While the case of Snake River salmon may not be entirely representative of ESA listings in general, it is an important test case for economic analysis of species recovery. What is particularly notable about the ESA is the unequivocalness of its mandate: take no action that further threatens an identified species, and take all action necessary to restore the population to a level at which its survival is assured. Upon implementation, however, it becomes immediately obvious that absolute certainty is unattainable, at any cost, and that resources for restoration are indeed limited. Thus arises the question of how to balance cost against risk of extinction. While the explicit balancing of costs and benefits of species recovery is (at least presently) essentially forbidden under the Act, the increasing marginal cost of further increments of risk reduction makes the consideration of the economics of species recovery unavoidable. The approach taken in this thesis is to define a cost effectiveness frontier which identifies the least cost recovery alternatives for each incremental decrease in risk of extinction, i.e define cost as a function of probability of survival. Monte-carlo simulations using a set of salmon life-cycle models are employed to assess the probability of survival achievable under a broad range of recovery alternatives. Alternatives range from elimination of sport and commercial harvest of Snake River chinook, alternative operation of hydropower facilities in the Snake and Columbia Basins, including removal of one or more dams on the Snake River, increased barge transportation of outmigrating juvenile salmon, improvement in upstream passage and spawning habitat, and a number of others. The alternatives considered span a range of costs and degrees of political acceptability. Cost assessments are largely gathered from ongoing federal and state planning analyses and include both direct and indirect costs of implementation. In addition to the level of costs under each alternative, this analysis also addresses the distribution of economic impacts across different user groups in the Columbia and Snake River Basin.

Book Proposed Recovery Plan for Snake River Salmon

Download or read book Proposed Recovery Plan for Snake River Salmon written by United States. National Marine Fisheries Service and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Status of the Sacramento River Spring run Chinook Salmon

Download or read book The Status of the Sacramento River Spring run Chinook Salmon written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Analytical Approaches to Assessing Recovery Options for Snake River Chinook Salmon

Download or read book Analytical Approaches to Assessing Recovery Options for Snake River Chinook Salmon written by Phaedra Budy and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The depressed status of Snake River stocks of chinook and steelhead and the recent listings of many salmon stocks in the Columbia Basin have led to several analytical evaluations and management advice aimed at recovery of these stocks. These different analytical reviews address the effectiveness of different hydrosystem options as well as the potential for recovery through improvements that increase survival at other life stages (e.g., habitat, harvest). Hydrosystem options evaluated included status quo, maximizing transportation, and the option of breaching the lower four dams on the Snake River (also called drawdown and natural river options), the main topic of the Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Report / Environmental Impact Statement (USACE). The first review was completed by PATH (Plan for Testing and Analyzing Hypotheses), an open forum composed of modelers, fishery biologists and statisticians from all three states (Oregon, Washington, and Idaho), the federal government (Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Marine Fishery Service (NMFS), Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the treaty tribes of the Columbia Basin (represented by the Columbia River Inter-tribal Fish Commission -CRITFC), and the Northwest Power Planning Council (NPPC). The PATH approach was based on a decision analysis that showed which management actions are the most robust to remaining uncertainties (i.e. the least risky) and allows a decision to be made with full consideration of uncertainty and risk. PATH analyses were followed by the NMFS effort called CRI- the Cumulative Risk Initiative. CRI analyses explore the demographic effects of hypothetical reductions in mortality at different life stages based on current conditions. PATH and CRI analyses were followed by an analytical comparison of their approaches and results completed by a sub group of PATH composed of scientists from the states of Oregon, Idaho, Washington, CRITFC, and the USFWS. In addition, specific analyses have considered the potential for improvement at certain life stages (e.g., freshwater spawning and rearing; Petrosky et al., in press) and key uncertainties that affect the likely effectiveness of dam breach (e.g., delayed hydrosystem mortality; Budy et al., in review). This annex synthesizes analyses and results PATH, NMFS CRI, and comparative and follow-up analyses which have been completed since and are summarized here and described in greater detail elsewhere. Although the results vary somewhat among approaches, all available science appears to suggest that dam breach has the greatest biological potential for recovering Snake River salmon and steelhead.

Book Status of Actions to Restore Central Valley Spring run Chinook Salmon

Download or read book Status of Actions to Restore Central Valley Spring run Chinook Salmon written by Terry J. Mills and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Draft Biological Assessment

Download or read book Draft Biological Assessment written by Randall L. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: