Download or read book Analysis and Manipulation of Gene Expression Patterns in Leaf Development written by Emanuel Hänggi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Expression Analyses of Genes Involved in Early Endosperm Development in Arabidopsis and Cereals written by Ming Li and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cereal seeds are important source for food, feed and also provide an industrial raw material. A sound understanding of seed initiation and the control of early endosperm development will be important for increasing cereal crop yield and improving grain quality using biotechnology. The approach taken in this project was to investigate the potential application of candidate genes and pathways for manipulating endosperm initiation and development. The candidate system chosen was the FIS class Polycomb group complex since there has been considerable work on the role of this complex in the transcriptional regulation of seed initiation and endosperm cellularization in Arabidopsis. The aims of the work described in this thesis were, first to identify and characterize novel proteins which directly interact with the known PcG members FIE and SWN. These two proteins play a key role in the regulation of endosperm proliferation in Arabidopsis. The second aim was to identify homologs from rice and Arabidopsis which potentially regulate grain size, weight and composition and to investigate the expression profiles and possible functions of these genes and isolate endosperm-specific promoters. Several novel plant PcG complex proteins from Arabidopsis were identified via yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens. Several other interacting transcription factors of FIE were identified, including SWN (a.k.a. EZA1/SWINGER), AREB2 (ABA-responsive element binding factor 2), VPL (Viviparous-like) and ICE2 (Inducer of CBF Expression 2). Interacting partners of SWN were also isolated. These included AtRING-H2, an E3 type protein ubiquitin ligase, v-SNARE, and BrD (Bromodomain-containing protein), and a plant PHD finger-containing factor. The expression profile of these genes was studied using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in a series of Arabidopsis tissues prepared from wild type (WT) plants. Expression of these genes was also studied by using the predicted 5'-regulatory sequences of SWN, AtRING-H2, AREB2, VPL and ICE2 fused to GUS reporter gene and stably transformed into Arabidopsis. The expression pattern of each candidate was revealed by GUS assays. Results showed that the VPL promoter was specific to the male gamete, while the AtRING-H2 promoter was found to be male gametophyte- and seed-specific. In order to elucidate the functions of the key PcG partner SWN and its possible role in the regulation of seed initiation, T-DNA insertion lines were analyzed and gene knockdown constructs were developed. Seed development was disrupted by 50% in one SWN silencing line via dsRNAi. A preliminary study of the SWN silencing plant was carried out but further characterization is needed to uncover the role of SWN in seed development. Manipulation of endosperm development will be dependent on access to promoters specific to early endosperm development. Arabidopsis END1, a homolog of a barley endosperm marker gene was characterized in this project. AtEND1 was identified as a member from Arabidopsis lipid transfer protein family. This gene was specifically expressed in gametophytes and developing seeds during free nuclear division and endosperm cellularization. A number of seed-specific cis-acting elements were identified in the 5'-regulatory region of AtEND1. The promoter-GUS construct was also transformed into canola. A less specific expression pattern was observed in transgenic canola plants. Analyses of the transgenic plants in Arabidopsis and canola are presented. Three rice orthologs at END1 (OsPR602, OsPR9a and OsPRPI) were identified from database searches. The expression of these genes in rice was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Transcriptional GUS fusion constructs of the predicted promoter regions were transformed into rice and barley. Analyses of transgenic barley and rice plants were performed by using PCR screening, Southern blot hybridization and histological GUS assay. These genes were predominantly expressed in the developing rice endosperm. OsPR602 and OsPR9a showed similar spatial and temporal expression patterns in barley compared to their expressions in rice. Expression analysis found that OsPRPI directed gene expression in the vascular bundles of anthers, hulls and micropylar and chalazal poles of pistil shortly before and after anthesis and the vascular bundles of developing caryopses until 19 days after pollination in rice. There was no GUS expression in barley under the control of OsPRPI. The studies also revealed wounding-induced expression of this gene in the vascular traces of leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem and grains. The induction and expression level of OsPRPI was studied by northern blot analysis and qRT-PCR. These gene promoters will be useful tools in transgene research and in the manipulation of cereal grain yield, quality and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Download or read book Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.
Download or read book Analysis of Leaf Development written by Roman Maksymowych and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1973 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Download or read book Next Steps for Functional Genomics written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the holy grails in biology is the ability to predict functional characteristics from an organism's genetic sequence. Despite decades of research since the first sequencing of an organism in 1995, scientists still do not understand exactly how the information in genes is converted into an organism's phenotype, its physical characteristics. Functional genomics attempts to make use of the vast wealth of data from "-omics" screens and projects to describe gene and protein functions and interactions. A February 2020 workshop was held to determine research needs to advance the field of functional genomics over the next 10-20 years. Speakers and participants discussed goals, strategies, and technical needs to allow functional genomics to contribute to the advancement of basic knowledge and its applications that would benefit society. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Plant Functional Genomics written by Jose M. Alonso and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition volume discusses the revolutionary development of faster and less expensive DNA sequencing technologies from the past 10 years and focuses on general technologies that can be utilized by a wide array of plant biologists to address specific questions in their favorite model systems. This book is organized into five parts. Part I examines the tools and methods required for identifying epigenetic and conformational changes at the whole-genome level. Part II presents approaches used to determine key aspects of a gene’s function, such as techniques used to identify and characterize gene regulatory networks. This is followed by a discussion of tools used to analyze the levels of mRNA, mRNA translation rates and metabolites. Part III features a compilation of forward and reverse genetic approaches that include recent implementation of high-throughput sequencing in classical methodologies such as QTL mapping. The final two parts explore strategies to facilitate and accelerate the generation and testing of functional DNA elements and basic computational tools used to facilitate the use of systems biology approached by a broad spectrum of plant researchers. Written in the highly successful Methods of Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and timely, Plant Functional Genomics: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition highlights the latest developments in DNA sequencing technologies that are likely to continue shaping the future of functional genomics.
Download or read book The Shoot Apical Meristem written by R. F. Lyndon and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shoot apex, although tiny and enclosed in the apical bud, forms the whole of the shoot system of plants and has a key role in producing leaves and flowers. An appreciation of how it functions is essential to an understanding of plant growth. In this book, the questions of the manner and the speed at which the shoot apex grows, and the likely cellular processes that are involved in the formation of leaves and flowers, are examined at the biochemical, physiological, biophysical, molecular, and genetic levels. This book is the only one currently available that is wholly devoted to the growth and physiology of the shoot apex and its key role in the formation of leaves and flowers.
Download or read book Control of Leaf Growth written by N. R. Baker and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1985 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1985, this book covers the physiological and environmental factors that regulate leaf growth. It opens with a consideration of the importance to the plant of leaf size, form and development, and then divides naturally into two sections: the first covers the intrinsic factors within the leaf that influence development, including solute and hormonal status, cellular components, and energy transducing systems; the second considers the role of some major environmental variables in the regulation of leaf growth, including temperature, light, water and nutrients, atmospheric influences and the interactive effects of climatic variables.
Download or read book Plant Tissue Culture Manual written by K. Lindsey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual comprises a range of techniques for research workers in the fields of cell and molecular biology, physiology, plant breeding and propagation, and genetic engineering.
Download or read book Root Branching from Lateral Root Primordium Initiation and Morphogenesis to Function written by Joseph G. Dubrovsky and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Leaf Morphogenesis written by Tomotsugu Koyama and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leaf morphology is obviously determined in a plant. By contrast, its morphology is often changeable when the plant copes with various environmental changes. To update our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis with robustness and flexibility, this book provides a series of academic papers that cover molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis and offers readers' opportunities to find beautiful mechanisms that plants develop.
Download or read book Design and Analysis of DNA Microarray Investigations written by Richard M. Simon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-09 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of gene expression profile data from DNA micorarray studies are discussed in this book. It provides a review of available methods and presents it in a manner that is intelligible to biologists. It offers an understanding of the design and analysis of experiments utilizing microarrays to benefit scientists. It includes an Appendix tutorial on the use of BRB-ArrayTools and step by step analyses of several major datasets using this software which is available from the National Cancer Institute.
Download or read book The Natural Philosophy of Plant Form written by Agnes Arber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1970 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1950, this monograph on the morphology of flowering plants explores the relationship between philosophy and botany.
Download or read book Plant MicroRNAs written by Stefan de Folter and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume provides a collection of protocols for the study of miRNA functions in plants. Beginning with coverage of miRNA function, biogenesis, activity, and evolution in plants, the book continues by guiding readers through methods on the identification and detection of plant miRNAs, bioinformatic analyses, and strategies for functional analyses of miRNAs. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Plant MicroRNAs: Method and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital area of plant science.
Download or read book The Cruciferae of Continental North America written by Reed Clark Rollins and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Introductory chapters offer general information on the Cruciferae, principal features of family members, taxonomic criteria, and methods of treatment. The work concludes with an appendix of new names, a list of literature cited, and an index."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book The Moso Bamboo Genome written by Jian Gao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive compilation describing the botanical traits, genetic resources, whole genome sequencing, Mitochondrial genome, transcriptomes of different organs with developmental stages, transcription factors, delineating gene evolution of gene family in Bambusoideae, alternative splicing (AS) and polyadenylation, case studies for economically important traits such as internode length, shoot fast growing, flowering, ageing and stress-resistant genes and small RNAs-mediated gene regulation of moso bamboo flowering and other developmental stages. Applications of transcriptome and genome approaches in moso bamboo in general and the prospects of transgenic breeding and genome editing technologies in bamboo are also discussed. Altogether, the book comprises eleven chapters covered over 200 pages authored by the researchers involved in genomic science, molecular biology, and breeding. This book appeals to graduate students, post-graduate students, research scholars, researchers, and industry players in the field of plantation bamboo in general, bamboo processing and bamboo garden owner and fans of bamboo culture in particular.
