Download or read book Analysis and Fate of Polymers in Wastewater Treatment written by Steven K. Dentel and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physico Chemical Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery written by Robina Farooq and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book on Physico-Chemical Treatment of Wastewater and Resource Recovery provides an efficient and low-cost solution for remediation of wastewater. This book focuses on physico-chemical treatment via advanced oxidation process, adsorption, its management and recovery of valuable chemicals. It discusses treatment and recovery process for the range of pollutants including BTX, PCB, PCDDs, proteins, phenols, antibiotics, complex organic compounds and metals. The occurrence of persistent pollutants poses deleterious effects on human and environmental health. Simple solutions for recovery of valuable chemicals and water during physico-chemical treatment of wastewater are discussed extensively. This book provides necessary knowledge and experimental studies on emerging physico-chemical processes for reducing water pollution and resource recovery.

Download or read book Plastic Waste and Recycling written by Trevor M. Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and bioplastics. Other sections cover current challenges relating to plastic waste, explain the sources of waste and their routes into the environment, and provide systematic coverage of plastic waste treatment methods, including mechanical processing, monomerization, blast furnace feedstocks, gasification, thermal recycling, and conversion to fuel. This is an essential guide for anyone involved in plastic waste or recycling, including researchers and advanced students across plastics engineering, polymer science, polymer chemistry, environmental science, and sustainable materials. Presents actionable solutions for reducing plastic waste, with a focus on the concepts of collection, re-use, recycling and replacement Considers major societal and environmental issues, providing the reader with a broader understanding and supporting effective implementation Includes detailed case studies from across the globe, offering unique insights into different solutions and approaches

Download or read book Executive Summary written by Steven K. Dentel and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects Interactions and Fate of a Flocculant Polymer in Biological Treatment Processes written by Lin-li Chang and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea written by Mariacristina Cocca and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses a broad range of issues concerning microplastic pollution, including microplastic pollution in various environments (freshwater, marine, air and soil); the sources, fate and effects of microplastics; detection systems for microplastic pollution monitoring; green approaches for the synthesis of environmentally friendly polymers; recovery and recycling of marine plastics; wastewater treatment plants as a microplastic entrance route; nanoplastics as emerging pollutants; degradation of plastics in the marine environment; impacts of microplastics on marine life; microplastics: from marine pollution to the human food chain; mitigation of microplastic impacts and innovative solutions; sampling, extraction, purification and identification approaches for microplastics; adsorption and transport of pollutants on and in microplastics; and lastly, the socio-economic and environmental impacts: assessment and risk analysis. In addition to presenting cutting-edge information and highlighting current trends and issues, the book proposes concrete solutions to help face this significant environmental threat. It is chiefly intended for researchers and industry decision-makers; international, national and local institutions; and NGOs, providing them with comprehensive information on the origin of the problem; its effects on marine environments, with a particular focus on the Mediterranean Sea and coasts; and recent and ongoing research activities and projects aimed at finding technical solutions to mitigate the phenomenon.

Download or read book Composition Fate and Transformation of Extracellular Polymers in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Processes written by Antonio Domingues Benetti and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recycled Polymer Blends and Composites written by Hanafi Ismail and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-25 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an authoritative account of the potential of recycled polymer blends and composites such as recycled rubber, Polypropylene, Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF), polyhydroxybutyrate-3-valerate (PHBV), Polyethylene, and similar compounds, in polymer recycling industries. It highlights the latest research on fundamentals of recycled polymer blends and composites such as physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties and morphological studies. The book also provides a comprehensive state of the art review of recycling of polymer blends and composites for sustainability. Polymeric substances recycled from excess sludge in wastewater treatment plants, reinsertion of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF), polyolefin and Polypropylene post-Industrial waste by primary recycling, as well as the recent development of biomass and COVID-19 plastic waste derived char filled natural starch biocomposite briquettes are also covered.

Download or read book Microplastics in Water and Wastewater written by Hrissi K. Karapanagioti and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the topic of microplastics in water and wastewater. The chapters start with introductory issues related to the growing interest in the scientific community on microplastics and the human water cycle and point out where the microplastics could interact with water. The subsequent chapters examine evidence of the microplastic presence in freshwater, such as in both rivers and lakes, in freshwater biota, and hazardous chemicals associated with microplastics in such systems. Another set of chapters discuss the presence of microplastics in wastewater: their sources; their transfer through a wastewater treatment plant; the concentration of microplastics in effluents throughout the world; the plastic biomedia used in wastewater treatment plants and the effect on the surrounding environment of effluent wastewater pipes. These chapters also discuss the sampling methods, the sample treatment and analysis techniques used so far for microplastics in wastewater. Additionally, the presence of microplastics in sewage sludge and in soils irrigated with wastewater or fertilized with sludge are discussed. The possible impact of plastics and their additives on plants, microalgae, and humans are reviewed and presented in a critical way. Finally, a chapter summarizes all the relevant regulations and initiatives that point to the necessity of a global directive for the protection of the environment from plastic and microplastic pollution. The topic of microplastics in freshwater systems and in wastewater has scarcely been studied and requires more attention. Microplastics in Water and Wastewater aims to bring these initial findings to the attention of a broader audience and especially to operators and managers of freshwater and wastewater systems. It will also be helpful to people already aware of the marine debris problem to understand the sources of microplastics in the oceans, from freshwater systems and wastewater treatment plants.

Download or read book Guidance Manual for Polymer Selection in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Steven K. Dentel and published by Water Environment Federation. This book was released on 1993 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water 21 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resistance and Stability of Polymers written by Gottfried Wilhelm Ehrenstein and published by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 1462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stability and resistance of polymeric materials determine whether they can be utilized in a given application. Authoritative and reliable material information is needed during the material selection process and this information must consider the influences of material manufacturing, compounding and stabilization, processing, part design, use and subsequent disposal/recycling. This book is based on the review of more than 1200 literature sources and represents a comprehensive overview of the current know-how regarding the stability and resistance of thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers as well as the most commonly used reinforcements and additives. Extensive tables document material resistance to given media, facilitating appropriate material selection or stabilization for a given application. Contents Volume 1: Principles of Aging Testing Methods Stabilization Influence of Processing and Use Resistance to Thermal and Thermal-Oxidative Loads, Weathering, Chemicals, Ionizing Radiation, Microorganisms, Biological Influences, and Mechanical Loads Creep and Fatigue of Reinforced Polymers Contents Volume 2: Chemical Resistance Tables White Lists of Media Influence (According to DIBt) References Index

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Fate Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment of Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Salts from Cosmetic Uses written by Janet L. Cumming and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The consumption of household and personal care products in Australia is similar to that of more highly regulated agricultural and veterinary chemicals. One class of chemical used in cosmetic applications, polymeric quaternary ammonium salts (polyquaterniums), is thought to have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. These polymers belong to a larger class of polymers, cationic polyelectrolytes, that are widely used in industry, largely for water treatment, and that have been extensively studied and regulated. The cosmetic polyquaterniums, however, have not been subject to the same scrutiny, even though differences in, or expectations of, their behaviour are known to exist. The aim of this study was to examine the fate and toxicity of some cosmetic polyquaterniums, and particularly to examine the impact of the presence of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate, that is often complexed with the polyquaterniums in cosmetic formulations on fate and toxicity. The polyquaterniums studied consisted of six samples of Polyquaternium-10 of provided by Amerchol (The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI U.S.A.), five samples of three polyquaterniums (Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium-28, Polyquaternium-55) provided by International Specialty Products (ISP, Wayne, New Jersey, USA), and polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (poly(DADMAC), Polyquaternium-6), widely used in water treatment but less commonly in cosmetic applications purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia). The four-step risk assessment paradigm (hazard identification, exposure assessment, hazard assessment, risk characterisation) provided the framework for this study. Metachromatic polyelectrolyte titration was used to analyse polyquaterniums in aqueous solution. Although the method is generally not viable in the presence of other ions due to interference, it was found to be viable in the presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate. Further, the method was found to work with the supernatant following a sorption experiment involving humic acid. It was not possible to titrate solutions following exposure to bentonite, or in solutions prepared for toxicity tests. Metachromatic Colloid Titration was found to be useful in determining the charge density of the polyquaterniums, and in measuring the concentration of polyquaterniums of known charge density. To establish the extent of exposure of vulnerable aquatic organisms to polyquaterniums released from cosmetic usage, it is necessary to estimate the concentration of polyquaterniums in the aquatic environment. The volume usage of polyquaterniums was estimated from available published data and standard emission scenarios used in the risk assessment of new and existing chemicals. The partitioning of the polyquaternium from the aqueous to the biosolid phase from wastewater treatment plants was estimated from the determination of the partition coefficient between water and humic acid. The latter was assumed to be a suitable surrogate for the biosolids. The fate of polyquaterniums in wastewater treatment plants was modelled using a fugacity approach based on a typical wastewater treatment plant. The import/manufacture volume of polyquaterniums for cosmetic uses was estimated to be between 20 and 60 tonnes per annum. The partition coefficient for polyquaterniums between the aqueous phase and humic acid was lower than expected, generally between 100 and 1000 for the polyquaterniums in this study. Fugacity modelling results suggested that the partitioning of polyquaterniums to the solid phase in wastewater treatment may be less than the default values normally assumed in regulatory risk assessment. Therefore, the estimate of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of polyquaterniums in Australian waters is between 0.7 æg/L and 40 æg/L depending on the assumptions and methodology used. Effects assessment, or hazard assessment, is concerned with determining the capacity of the cosmetic polyquaterniums to cause harm to aquatic organisms in the environment. In this study, the aim was to determine if the hazard of the polyquaternium from cosmetic usage is the same as that of the better studied water treatment polymers; and if the complexing of the polyquaternium with the anionic surfactant makes any difference to the toxicity. One species from each of three trophic levels, viz fish, crustacean and algae were selected. Using assessment factors developed for the risk assessment of new chemicals, the environmental concentration likely to be hazardous to the most sensitive species was estimated. The polyquaterniums studied were found to be just as hazardous to the most sensitive species for a typical cosmetic polyquaternium when complexed with the anionic surfactant. The lowest concentration at which a toxic effect occurred was for 50% growth inhibition for algae, 0.3 mg/L for the most toxic polyquaternium. With assessment factors, and using the concentration at which cosmetic polyquaterniums were likely to be hazardous to aquatic organisms, the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was estimated to be between 0.3 æg/L and 1.2 æg/L. The risk characterisation process combines the information obtained from the effects and exposure assessments to evaluate the nature of the potential risk. Commonly, the level of risk is estimated based on the PEC/PNEC ratio. In this study, using point estimates and probabilistic methods (Monte Carlo Simulation), the risk of polyquaterniums from cosmetic uses was estimated. Based on the behaviour and toxicity determined in this study, there may be some risk to aquatic organisms from individual polyquaterniums at even low import volumes. As a class of compounds, polyquaterniums from cosmetic uses may present a significant risk to environmental waters in Australia. Sensitivity analysis showed that the prediction of risk was most sensitive to those parameters for which the least amount of data was available, such as the import volume and dilution to receiving waters. A recently developed method of estimating potential risk based on the concept of an Environmental Threshold of No Concern (ETNC), was applied to the use of cosmetic polyquaterniums in Australia. Using the fugacity model approach, the usage volume at which the environmental concentration would exceed the critical threshold was estimated. The volume was found to be significantly lower than the estimated usage determined by either of the methods employed in estimating the current usage volume. While some problems remain in identifying the risk from polyquaterniums to the Australian environment, particularly those associated with the difficulties of quantifying polymers in environmental samples, this thesis has made substantial progress in the risk assessment. Particularly, it has been shown that the use of default assumptions that are largely unsubstantiated, and the sensitivity of the methodology to information that is often unavailable, may result in an estimation of risk that may not be able to protect vulnerable environments.

Download or read book Procedures Manual for Polymer Selection in Water Treatment Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microplastic in the Environment Pattern and Process written by Michael S. Bank and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-09 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines global plastic pollution, an issue that has become a critical societal challenge with implications for environmental and public health. This volume provides a comprehensive, holistic analysis on the plastic cycle and its subsequent effects on biota, food security, and human exposure. Importantly, global environmental change and its associated, systems-level processes, including atmospheric deposition, ecosystem complexity, UV exposure, wind patterns, water stratification, ocean circulation, etc., are all important direct and indirect factors governing the fate, transport and biotic and abiotic processing of plastic particles across ecosystem types. Furthermore, the distribution of plastic in the ocean is not independent of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, since much of the plastic in marine ecosystems originates from land and should therefore be evaluated in the context of the larger plastic cycle. Changes in species size, distribution, habitat, and food web complexity, due to global environmental change, will likely alter trophic transfer dynamics and the ecological effects of nano- and microplastics. The fate and transport dynamics of plastic particles are influenced by their size, form, shape, polymer type, additives, and overall ecosystem conditions. In addition to the risks that plastics pose to the total environment, the potential impacts on human health and exposure routes, including seafood consumption, and air and drinking water need to be assessed in a comprehensive and quantitative manner. Here I present a holistic and interdisciplinary book volume designed to advance the understanding of plastic cycling in the environment with an emphasis on sources, fate and transport, ecotoxicology, climate change effects, food security, microbiology, sustainability, human exposure and public policy.

Download or read book EPA 600 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: