Download or read book Analysis and Application of Silicon Nano particles Produced Via Continuous Flow Non thermal Plasmas written by Thomas David Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous flow non-thermal plasma reactors are being investigated for their ability to efficiently produce high quality nanoparticles. While many nanomaterials can be produced via continuous flow non-thermal plasma reactors, silicon is of particular interest, due to its abundance and relevance in many energy related fields. Significant gaps still exist in the understanding of the kinetics responsible for particle growth, structural evolution, and surface termination of continuous flow non-thermal plasma reactor produced particles. Particle interaction with plasma radicals results in the heating of the particles, which in turn affects the kinetics of particle growth, structural evolution, and surface termination during synthesis and processing. We have investigated the details of plasma-nanoparticle interaction by using in-flight and in-situ characterization techniques. For the first time, we have measured the temperature of a free-standing particle immersed in a non-equilibrium processing plasma.

Download or read book Study of Photoluminescence from Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Nanoparticles Synthesized Using a Non thermal Plasma written by Prateek Garg and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields reported from amorphous (a-Si) and crystalline (c-Si) nanoparticles have opened up lots of possibilities for use of silicon in optical applications such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), photonics and solar cells with added processing and cost benefits. However, the PL response and the mechanisms behind it are highly dependent on the matrix in which the nanoparticles are grown and on the growth method. While, the bottom-up approach for deposition of free standing nanoparticles seem to be perfectly suited for large area deposition for LED and solar cell applications, the dominant growth techniques (laser ablation and pyrolysis) have been shown to suffer from limitations in control over size distribution of nanoparticles and the requirement of equipment capable of withstanding high temperature. This led to the exploration of plasma based synthesis methods in this work. Towards this effort, the development and automation of a novel tool "Anny" for synthesis of silicon nanoparticles using non-thermal plasma chamber is reported. These nanoparticles are then accelerated due to choked flow through a nozzle leading to substrate independent deposition. The nanoparticle properties are characterized against precursor gas flow rates and RF power to identify the optimum growth conditions for a stable, continuous deposition. It is found that amorphous nanoparticles offer a wide variety of chamber conditions for growth with a high throughput, stable plasma for continuous, long term operations.The quantum confinement model for crystalline and spatial confinement models for amorphous nanoparticles in our size regime (6-8nm) are suggested for free standing nanoparticles and we report a high PL output from well passivated amorphous nanoparticles.The PL output and its dependence on stability of surface hydrogen passivation is explored using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It is shown that the amorphous nanoparticles have a better and more stable passivation compared to crystalline nanoparticles grown under similar conditions. Hence, we show a-Si nanoparticles as exciting alternatives for optical applications to c-Si nanoparticles.

Download or read book Nanosilicon written by Anatoly A. Ischenko and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-23 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanosilicon: Properties, Synthesis, Applications, Methods of Analysis and Control examines the latest developments on the physics and chemistry of nanosilicon. The book focuses on methods for producing nanosilicon, its electronic and optical properties, research methods to characterize its spectral and structural properties, and its possible applic

Download or read book Controlling the growth of nanoparticles produced in a high power pulsed plasma written by Rickard Gunnarsson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology can profoundly benefit our health, environment and everyday life. In order to make this a reality, both technological and theoretical advancements of the nanomaterial synthesis methods are needed. A nanoparticle is one of the fundamental building blocks in nanotechnology and this thesis describes the control of the nucleation, growth and oxidation of titanium particles produced in a pulsed plasma. It will be shown that by controlling the process conditions both the composition (oxidationstate) and size of the particles can be varied. The experimental results are supported by theoretical modeling. If processing conditions are chosen which give a high temperature in the nanoparticle growth environment, oxygen was found to be necessary in order to nucleate the nanoparticles. The two reasons for this are 1: the lower vapor pressure of a titanium oxide cluster compared to a titanium cluster, meaning a lower probability of evaporation, and 2: the ability of a cluster to cool down by ejecting an oxygen atom when an oxygen molecule condenses on its surface. When the oxygen gas flow was slightly increased, the nanoparticle yield and oxidation state increased. A further increase caused a decrease in particle yield which is attributed to a slight oxidation ofthe cathode. By varying the oxygen flow, it was possible to control the oxidation state of the nanoparticles without fully oxidizing the cathode. Pure titanium nanoparticles could not be produced in a high vacuum system because oxygen containing gases such as residual water vapour have a profound influence on nanoparticle yield and composition. In an ultrahigh vacuum system titanium nanoparticles without significantoxygen contamination were produced by reducing the temperature of the growth environment and increasing the pressure of an argon-helium gas mixture within whichthe nanoparticles grew. The dimer formation rate necessary for this is only achievable at higher pressures. After a dimer has formed, it needs to grow by colliding with a titanium atom followed by cooling by collisions with multiple buffer gas atoms. The condensation event heats up the cluster to a temperature much higher than the gas temperature, where it is during a short time susceptible to evaporation. When the clusters’ internal energy has decreased by collisions with the gas to less than the energy required to evaporate a titanium atom, it is temporarily stable until the next condensation event occurs. The temperature difference by which the cluster has to cool down before it is temporarily stable is exactly as many kelvins as the gas temperature.The addition of helium was found to decrease the temperature of the gas, making it possible for nanoparticles of pure titanium to grow. The process window where this is possible was determined and the results presented opens up new possibilities to synthesize particles with a controlled contamination level and deposition rate.The size of the nanoparticles has been controlled by three means. The first is to change the electrical potential around the growth zone, which allows for size (diameter) control in the order of 25 to 75 nm without influencing the oxygen content of the particles. The second means is by increasing the pressure which decreases the ambipolar diffusion rate of the ions resulting in a higher growth material density. By doing this, the particle size can be increased from 50 to 250 nm, however the oxygen content also increases with increasing pressure when this is done in a high vacuum system. The last means of size control was by adding a helium flow to the process where higher flows resulted in smaller nanoparticle sizes. When changing the pressure in high vacuum, the morphology of the nanoparticles could be controlled. At low pressures, highly faceted near spherical particles were produced. Increasing the pressure caused the formation of cubic particles which appear to ‘fracture’ at higher pressures. At the highest pressure investigated, the particles became poly-crystalline with a cauliflower shape and this morphology was attributed to a lowad atom mobility. The ability to control the size, morphology and composition of the nanoparticles determines the success of applying the process to manufacture devices. In related work presented in this thesis it is shown that 150-200 nm molybdenum particles with cauliflower morphology were found to scatter light in which made them useful in photovoltaic applications, and the size of titanium dioxide nanoparticles were found to influence the selectivity of graphene based gas sensors.

Download or read book Plasma Processing of Nanomaterials written by R. Mohan Sankaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are at a critical evolutionary juncture in the research and development of low-temperature plasmas, which have become essential to synthesizing and processing vital nanoscale materials. More and more industries are increasingly dependent on plasma technology to develop integrated small-scale devices, but physical limits to growth, and other challenges, threaten progress. Plasma Processing of Nanomaterials is an in-depth guide to the art and science of plasma-based chemical processes used to synthesize, process, and modify various classes of nanoscale materials such as nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and semiconductor nanowires. Plasma technology enables a wide range of academic and industrial applications in fields including electronics, textiles, automotives, aerospace, and biomedical. A prime example is the semiconductor industry, in which engineers revolutionized microelectronics by using plasmas to deposit and etch thin films and fabricate integrated circuits. An overview of progress and future potential in plasma processing, this reference illustrates key experimental and theoretical aspects by presenting practical examples of: Nanoscale etching/deposition of thin films Catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires Silicon nanoparticle synthesis Functionalization of carbon nanotubes Self-organized nanostructures Significant advances are expected in nanoelectronics, photovoltaics, and other emerging fields as plasma technology is further optimized to improve the implementation of nanomaterials with well-defined size, shape, and composition. Moving away from the usual focus on wet techniques embraced in chemistry and physics, the author sheds light on pivotal breakthroughs being made by the smaller plasma community. Written for a diverse audience working in fields ranging from nanoelectronics and energy sensors to catalysis and nanomedicine, this resource will help readers improve development and application of nanomaterials in their own work. About the Author: R. Mohan Sankaran received the American Vacuum Society’s 2011 Peter Mark Memorial Award for his outstanding contributions to tandem plasma synthesis.

Download or read book Synthesis and Surface Modification of Group IV Nanoparticles Using Non thermal Plasmas written by Ozgul Yasar-Inceoglu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly increasing interest in silicon nanostructures is motivated by important advantages of this material compared to other semiconductors commonly investigated in the broad field of nanotechnology. Silicon nanoparticles are promising materials for many applications such as photovoltaics, transistors, light emitting devices, and energy storage devices.

Download or read book Handbook of Thermal Plasmas written by Maher I. Boulos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 1973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative reference presents a comprehensive review of the evolution of plasma science and technology fundamentals over the past five decades. One of this field’s principal challenges has been its multidisciplinary nature requiring coverage of fundamental plasma physics in plasma generation, transport phenomena under high-temperature conditions, involving momentum, heat and mass transfer, and high-temperature reaction kinetics, as well as fundamentals of material science under extreme conditions. The book is structured in five distinct parts, which are presented in a reader-friendly format allowing for detailed coverage of the science base and engineering aspects of the technology including plasma generation, mathematical modeling, diagnostics, and industrial applications of thermal plasma technology. This book is an essential resource for practicing engineers, research scientists, and graduate students working in the field.

Download or read book Plasma Application for Synthesis of Novel Nanostructures and Mechanical Properties Investigation written by Alborz Izadi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, nanomaterials are receiving increasing attention, as they exhibit exciting and useful attributes that can be employed across applications and disciplines range from electronics to drug delivery. This dissertation focuses on two disparate projects, both related to plasma-synthesized nanocrystals. The two projects highlight the unique properties of nanocrystals, and their sustainable synthesis using gas phase approaches. These methods apply non-thermal plasma reactors for nanocrystal synthesis. First, we introduce a plasma-based gas phase method for Gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) synthesis. Second, we use plasma-synthesized Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) in bilayer and composite structures with a commonly used elastomer, to investigate the mechanical behavior of the structures in a first-of-its kind investigation. There are many applications for AuNPs due to their interesting optoelectronic properties, such as tunable optical absorption and plasmonic resonance behavior. While synthesis and stabilization of colloidal AuNPs is well-established, new synthesis routes can lead to enhanced versatility of applications for AuNPs, particularly if the methods allow avoidance of solution processes or surfactants. In Chapter 2, we introduce a plasma-based synthesis of AuNPs, using a consumable gold wire and a radiofrequency power source. The AuNPs are monodisperse, with an average diameter of 4 nm. While production yield is low, the narrow size distribution of the AuNPs and the avoidance of solution processing in this method are promising for future syntheses of metal NPs based on plasmas.Next, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical behavior of SiNC/PDMS systems, using plasma-produced SiNCs has been performed. Chapter 3 details our experimental methods combined with modeling to estimate the mechanical behavior of thin layers of SiNCs on PDMS, as deposited directly onto the PDMS from non-thermal plasma reactor. For the first time we estimated the mechanical behavior of thin films of SiNCs by using the onset of bifurcations as an indicator of their modulus. Next, reaching towards luminescent nanocomposites for applications in luminescent devices, we investigated the optical and mechanical behavior of blended SiNC/PDMS nanocomposites. The results from these investigations, reported in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, have shed light for the first time on the interactions between SiNCs and PDMS both in bilayer and composite structures, pointing to future optoelectronic and opto-mechanical device applications with predictable properties.Finally, in Chapter 5, we share ongoing projects which will be finalized soon, as well as detailing future work surrounding these ideas. We share our parametric study to uncover the various effects of surface functionality, SiNC layer thickness, and PDMS modulus on the resulting SiNC thin film. Concurrently, we probed the formation of wrinkles and cracks on SiNC film surfaces, which were deposited on pre-stretched PDMS using a finite bending configuration, to examine how instabilities on the thin films can be predicted.

Download or read book Charging and Heating Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Nonthermal Plasmas written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this award was to understand the interactions of nanometer-sized particles with ionized gases, also called plasmas. Plasmas are widely used in the fabrication of electronic circuits such as microprocessors and memory devices, in plasma display panels, as well as in medical applications. Recently, these ionized gases are finding applications in the synthesis of advanced nanomaterials with novel properties, which are based on nanometer-sized particulate (nanoparticles) building blocks. As these nanoparticles grow in the plasma environment, they interact with the plasmas species such as electrons and ions which critically determines the nanoparticle properties. The University of Minnesota researchers conducting this project performed numerical simulations and developed analytical models that described the interaction of plasma-bound nanoparticles with the plasma ions. The plasma ions bombard the nanoparticle surface with substantial energy, which can result in the rearrangement of the nanoparticles' atoms, giving them often desirable structures at the atomic scale. Being able to tune the ion energies allows to control the properties of nanoparticles produced in order to tailor their attributes for certain applications. For instance, when used in high efficiency light emitting devices, nanoparticles produced under high fluxes of highly energetic ions may show superior light emission to particles produced under low fluxes of less energetic ions. The analytical models developed by the University of Minnesota researchers enable the research community to easily determine the energy of ions bombarding the nanoparticles. The researchers extensively tested the validity of the analytical models by comparing them to sophisticated computer simulations based on stochastic particle modeling, also called Monte Carlo modeling, which simulated the motion of hundreds of thousands of ions and their interaction with the nanoparticle surfaces. Beyond the scientific intellectual merits, this award had significant broader impacts. Two graduate students received their doctoral degrees and both have joined a U.S. manufacturer of plasma-based semiconductor processing equipment. Four undergraduate students participated in research conducted under this grant and gained valuable hands-on laboratory experience. A middle school science teacher observed research conducted under this grant and developed three new course modules that introduce middle school students to the concepts of nanometer scale, the atomic structure of matter, and the composition of matter of different chemical elements.

Download or read book Structural and Surface Correlations to the Optical Properties of Nonthermal Plasma produced Silicon Nanoparticles written by Rebecca Joy Anthony and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Silicon Nanocrystals written by Lorenzo Pavesi and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2010-02-02 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique collection of knowledge represents a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and practical consequences of size reduction in silicon crystals. This clearly structured reference introduces readers to the optical, electrical and thermal properties of silicon nanocrystals that arise from their greatly reduced dimensions. It covers their synthesis and characterization from both chemical and physical viewpoints, including ion implantation, colloidal synthesis and vapor deposition methods. A major part of the text is devoted to applications in microelectronics as well as photonics and nanobiotechnology, making this of great interest to the high-tech industry.

Download or read book Laser Ablation in Liquids written by Guowei Yang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 1166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the fundamental concepts and physical and chemical aspects of pulsed laser ablation of solid targets in liquid environments and its applications in the preparation of nanomaterials and fabrication of nanostructures. The areas of focus include basic thermodynamic and kinetic processes of laser ablation in liquids, and its applic

Download or read book Controlling the Growth of Nanoparticles Produced in a Highpower Pulsed Plasma written by Rickard Gunnarsson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology can profoundly benefit our health, environment and everyday life. In order to make this a reality, both technological and theoretical advancements of the nanomaterial synthesis methods are needed. A nanoparticle is one of the fundamental building blocks in nanotechnology and this thesis describes the control of the nucleation, growth and oxidation of titanium particles produced in a pulsed plasma. It will be shown that by controlling the process conditions both the composition (oxidationstate) and size of the particles can be varied. The experimental results are supported by theoretical modeling. If processing conditions are chosen which give a high temperature in the nanoparticle growth environment, oxygen was found to be necessary in order to nucleate the nanoparticles. The two reasons for this are 1: the lower vapor pressure of a titanium oxide cluster compared to a titanium cluster, meaning a lower probability of evaporation, and 2: the ability of a cluster to cool down by ejecting an oxygen atom when an oxygen molecule condenses on its surface. When the oxygen gas flow was slightly increased, the nanoparticle yield and oxidation state increased. A further increase caused a decrease in particle yield which is attributed to a slight oxidation ofthe cathode. By varying the oxygen flow, it was possible to control the oxidation state of the nanoparticles without fully oxidizing the cathode. Pure titanium nanoparticles could not be produced in a high vacuum system because oxygen containing gases such as residual water vapour have a profound influence on nanoparticle yield and composition. In an ultrahigh vacuum system titanium nanoparticles without significantoxygen contamination were produced by reducing the temperature of the growth environment and increasing the pressure of an argon-helium gas mixture within whichthe nanoparticles grew. The dimer formation rate necessary for this is only achievable at higher pressures. After a dimer has formed, it needs to grow by colliding with a titanium atom followed by cooling by collisions with multiple buffer gas atoms. The condensation event heats up the cluster to a temperature much higher than the gas temperature, where it is during a short time susceptible to evaporation. When the clusters’ internal energy has decreased by collisions with the gas to less than the energy required to evaporate a titanium atom, it is temporarily stable until the next condensation event occurs. The temperature difference by which the cluster has to cool down before it is temporarily stable is exactly as many kelvins as the gas temperature.The addition of helium was found to decrease the temperature of the gas, making it possible for nanoparticles of pure titanium to grow. The process window where this is possible was determined and the results presented opens up new possibilities to synthesize particles with a controlled contamination level and deposition rate.The size of the nanoparticles has been controlled by three means. The first is to change the electrical potential around the growth zone, which allows for size (diameter) control in the order of 25 to 75 nm without influencing the oxygen content of the particles. The second means is by increasing the pressure which decreases the ambipolar diffusion rate of the ions resulting in a higher growth material density. By doing this, the particle size can be increased from 50 to 250 nm, however the oxygen content also increases with increasing pressure when this is done in a high vacuum system. The last means of size control was by adding a helium flow to the process where higher flows resulted in smaller nanoparticle sizes. When changing the pressure in high vacuum, the morphology of the nanoparticles could be controlled. At low pressures, highly faceted near spherical particles were produced. Increasing the pressure caused the formation of cubic particles which appear to ‘fracture’ at higher pressures. At the highest pressure investigated, the particles became poly-crystalline with a cauliflower shape and this morphology was attributed to a lowad atom mobility. The ability to control the size, morphology and composition of the nanoparticles determines the success of applying the process to manufacture devices. In related work presented in this thesis it is shown that 150-200 nm molybdenum particles with cauliflower morphology were found to scatter light in which made them useful in photovoltaic applications, and the size of titanium dioxide nanoparticles were found to influence the selectivity of graphene based gas sensors.

Download or read book Computational Modeling of Silicon Nanoparticle Synthesis in a Laser driven Aerosol Reactor written by Hongyi Dang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesis of silicon nanoparticles is of great interest because of their unique optical and electronic properties. Fundamental understanding of the various interconnected mechanisms involved in the particle formation, such as gas phase and gas-surface phase chemical kinetics and particle size evolution through nucleation, growth, coagulation and coalescence, would be of great value in designing and optimizing processes for producing silicon nanoparticles. On the other hand, the same understanding can also contribute to contamination control in the semiconductor industry, where particles formed by homogeneous nucleation within the processing environment are rapidly becoming the most important source for yield loss as integrated circuits become smaller.^Moreover, silicon particle formation by thermal decomposition of silane is a prototypical example of a system where particle nucleation and growth are believed to occur via a complex network of chemical reactions, as opposed to nucleation from, and condensation of, a supersaturated vapor. First, a general two dimensional (2D) model has been developed for silicon nanoparticle synthesis by silane thermal decomposition driven by laser heating in a tubular reactor. This fully coupled model includes fluid dynamics, laser heating, gas phase and surface phase chemical reactions, and aerosol dynamics, which includes particle transport and evolution by convection, diffusion, thermophoresis, nucleation, surface growth and coagulation processes. A moment method, based upon a lognormal particle size distribution, and a sectional method are used to model the aerosol dynamics. The simulation results obtained by the two methods are compared.^The sectional method is capable of capturing the bimodal behavior that occurs locally during the process, while the moment method is computationally more efficient. The effect of operating parameters, such as precursor concentration, gas phase composition, inlet gas velocity and laser power input, on the characteristics of the particles produced are investigated. Based on the above general 2D model, another 2D model that closely simulates the silicon nanoparticle synthesis by silane thermal decomposition in the six-way cross laser-driven aerosol reactor in our lab was developed. This model incorporates fluid dynamics, laser heating, gas phase and surface phase chemical reactions, and aerosol dynamics, with particle transport and evolution by convection, diffusion, thermophoresis, nucleation, surface growth, coagulation and coalescence processes. Because of the complexity of the problem at hand, the simulation was carried out via several sub-models.^First, the chemically reacting flow inside the reactor was simulated in three dimensions in full geometric detail, but with no aerosol dynamics and with highly simplified chemistry. Second, the reaction zone was simulated using an axisymmetric two dimensional CFD model, whose boundary conditions were obtained from the first step. Last, a two dimensional aerosol dynamics model was used to study the silicon nanoparticle formation using more complete silane decomposition chemistry, together with the temperature and velocities extracted from the reaction zone CFD simulation. A bivariate moment model was used to describe the evolution of particle size and morphology. The model predicted that spherical particles are produced at the center of the reaction zone, while non-spherical particle aggregates are formed at the outlet of the reaction zone.^Precursor concentration, peak temperature and residence time are shown to be major parameters affecting reactor yield and the characteristics of the product particles. Gas phase kinetics are a key component of our model of silicon nanoparticle synthesis. However, description of cluster growth to a critical nucleus size that can be treated as a solid particle can involve thousands of distinct elementary reactions. Exploration of such large reaction mechanisms is facilitated by the use of automated reaction mechanism generation, in which a computer constructs a detailed reaction mechanism according to a pre-specified set of rules. In order to utilize the silane decomposition reaction mechanisms generated in this way, like that published by (Wong et al. 2004), one must translate the mechanism from the compact description used in automated reaction mechanism generation codes to more conventional descriptions used in reacting flow simulations.^Thus, this work set up a framework for translating their mechanisms produced by automated mechanism generation software, into a form that is readily usable in our simulations. First, the string code representation of each species is translated into a bond electron matrix (BEM). Then a group additivity scheme is used to process the BEM to find out the types and quantities of the groups that make up the molecule. A straightforward walking ring finding algorithm is used to find the smallest set of independent rings with smallest sizes. At last, the thermochemical properties are estimated based on the contribution from each group at various temperatures. Those thermodynamics data in turn were fit to a standard polynomial form (NASA format), that can serve as input for CHEMKIN or other similar packages for calculation of thermodynamic, kinetic and transport properties.^We have carried out preliminary studies using this newly translated kinetics model for modeling silicon nanoparticle synthesis by silane decomposition in a plug flow reactor with constant temperature and pressure.

Download or read book Gas Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles written by Yves Huttel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first overview of this topic begins with some historical aspects and a survey of the principles of the gas aggregation method. The second part covers modifications of this method resulting in different specialized techniques, while the third discusses the post-growth treatment that can be applied to the nanoparticles. The whole is rounded off by a review of future perspectives and the challenges facing the scientific and industrial communities. An excellent resource for anyone working with the synthesis of nanoparticles, both in academia and industry.

Download or read book Rapid Production of Micro and Nano particles Using Supercritical Water written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-08-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details progress in use of supercritical water (SCW) to synthesize nano- and micro- oxides, inorganic salts and metal particles, and shows how polymer/biomass particles can be produced by the precipitation of solutes from SCW.

Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles written by Daniel L. Fedlheim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-26 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art reference, Metal Nanoparticles offers the latest research on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles. Following an introduction of structural, optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties of nanoparticles, the book elaborates on nanoclusters, hyper-Raleigh scattering, nanoarrays, and several applications including single electron devices, chemical sensors, biomolecule sensors, and DNA detection. The text emphasizes how size, shape, and surface chemistry affect particle performance throughout. Topics include synthesis and formation of nanoclusters, nanosphere lithography, modeling of nanoparticle optical properties, and biomolecule sensors.