Download or read book ANALYSES D AEROSOLS GENERES PAR INTERACTION LASER MATIERE written by JEAN-JACQUES.. GAUMET and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LES TRAVAUX PRESENTES ONT POUR OBJECTIF D'ETUDIER LES POSSIBILITES DE PRELEVEMENTS REPRODUCTIBLES DE MATIERE AU MOYEN D'UN FAISCEAU LASER DE PUISSANCE. LE MATERIAU RECUPERE EST ANALYSE PAR DIFFERENTES METHODES PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES (CHROMATOGRAPHIE IONIQUE, SPECTROMETRIE DE MASSE LASER (LAMMA) ET MICROSONDE D'ANALYSE X). IL EST PRECISE QUE LE DEGAT GENERE A LA SURFACE DU MATERIAU CIBLE DOIT ETRE QUASIMENT INVISIBLE DE L'OEIL NU. APRES AVOIR RAPPELE UN CERTAIN NOMBRE DE GENERALITES SUR LES INTERACTIONS LASER-MATIERE JUSTIFIANT LE CHOIX DE LA SOURCE DE PRELEVEMENT (LASER YAG: =1.06 M), CE MEMOIRE S'INTERESSE PLUS PARTICULIEREMENT A UNE DES PHASES DU PRODUIT PRELEVE LORS DES TIRS LASER: LES AEROSOLS. DEUX PARAMETRES MAJEURS DU FAISCEAU LASER SONT ETUDIES: LA DEFOCALISATION ET L'ANGLE D'INCIDENCE. LA DEMARCHE PROPOSEE UTILISE UN FORMALISME GEOMETRIQUE VISANT A ESTIMER LE CONTOUR ET L'AIRE IRRADIEE D'UNE CIBLE PAR LE LASER, AINSI QUE LA DENSITE MOYENNE ET LA DENSITE LINEIQUE D'ENERGIE. LES EXPERIENCES EFFECTUEES SUR DIFFERENTS MATERIAUX CONFIRMENT LE FORMALISME DECRIT. A PARTIR DE CES RESULTATS, ON PRESENTE UNE CELLULE DE PRELEVEMENT. GRACE A UN ANALYSEUR ELECTRIQUE D'AEROSOLS (AEA), LA CARACTERISATION PHYSIQUE DU PRODUIT PRELEVE A ETE RENDUE POSSIBLE. L'AEA A PERMIS, ENTRE AUTRES, DE METTRE EN EVIDENCE UN PHENOMENE D'ABLATION AVEC DEGATS VISIBLES SUR LA CIBLE, MAIS SURTOUT DE DETECTER DES AEROSOLS FORMES AVEC UNE IRRADIANCE TRES FAIBLE (10#4-AO#5W.CM##2). LES ANALYSES PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES DU PRELEVEMENT SONT DETAILLEES ET MONTRENT, APRES DES CORRECTIONS, LES POSSIBILITES DE REMONTER A LA COMPOSITION DE LA CIBLE INITIALE
Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
Download or read book Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing written by Gianluca Gagliardi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reviews the dramatic recent advances in the use of optical resonators for high sensitivity and high resolution molecular spectroscopy as well as for chemical, mechanical and physical sensing. It encompasses a variety of cavities including those made of two or more mirrors, optical fiber loops, fiber gratings and spherical cavities. The book focuses on novel techniques and their applications. Each chapter is written by an expert and/or pioneer in the field. These experts also provide the theoretical background in optics and molecular physics where needed. Examples of recent breakthroughs include the use of frequency combs (Nobel prize 2005) for cavity enhanced sensing and spectroscopy, the use of novel cavity materials and geometries, the development of optical heterodyne detection techniques combined to active frequency-locking schemes. These methods allow the use and interrogation of optical resonators with a variety of coherent light sources for trace gas detection and sensing of strain, temperature and pressure.
Download or read book In Vessel Melt Retention and Ex Vessel Corium Cooling IAEA Tecdoc No 1906 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication results from a technical meeting on phenomenology and technologies relevant to in-vessel melt retention (IVMR) and ex-vessel corium cooling (EVCC). The purpose of the publication is to capture the state of knowledge, at the time of that meeting, related to phenomenology and technologies as well as the challenges and pending issues relevant to IVMR and EVCC for water cooled reactors by summarizing the information provided by the meeting participants in a form useful to practitioners in Member States.
Download or read book New Perspectives On Einstein s E Mc2 written by Young Suh Kim and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Einstein's energy-momentum relation is applicable to particles of all speeds, including the particle at rest and the massless particle moving with the speed of light. If one formula or formalism is applicable to all speeds, we say it is 'Lorentz-covariant.' As for the internal space-time symmetries, there does not appear to be a clear way to approach this problem. For a particle at rest, there are three spin degrees of freedom. For a massless particle, there are helicity and gauge degrees of freedom. The aim of this book is to present one Lorentz-covariant picture of these two different space-time symmetries. Using the same mathematical tool, it is possible to give a Lorentz-covariant picture of Gell-Mann's quark model for the proton at rest and Feynman's parton model for the fast-moving proton. The mathematical formalism for these aspects of the Lorentz covariance is based on two-by-two matrices and harmonic oscillators which serve as two basic scientific languages for many different branches of physics. It is pointed out that the formalism presented in this book is applicable to various aspects of optical sciences of current interest.
Download or read book Extrusion in Ceramics written by Frank Händle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-12 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frank Handle ̈ 1.1 What to Expect For some time now, I have been toying around with the idea of writing a book about “Ceramic Extrusion”, because to my amazement I have been unable to locate a single existing, comprehensive rundown on the subject – much in contrast to, say, plastic extrusion and despite the fact that there are some outstanding contributions to be found about certain, individual topics, such as those in textbooks by Reed [1], Krause [2], Bender/Handle ̈ [3] et al. By way of analogy to Woody Allen’s wonderfully ironic movie entitled “Eve- thing You Always Wanted to Know about Sex”, I originally intended to call this book “Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Ceramic Extrusion”, but - ter giving it some extra thought, I eventually decided on a somewhat soberer title. Nevertheless, my companion writers and I have done our best – considering our target group and their motives – not to revert to the kind of jargon that people use when they think the less understandable it sounds, the more scienti c it appears. This book addresses all those who are looking for a lot or a little general or selective information about ceramic extrusion and its sundry aspects. We realize that most of our readers will not be perusing this book just for fun or out of intellectual curiosity, but because they hope to get some use out of it for their own endeavours.
Download or read book Metal Soaps in Art written by Francesca Casadio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-23 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This go-to reference work surveys the current state of knowledge in the field of metal soap-related degradation phenomena in art works. It contains detailed descriptions and images of the different phenomena and addresses the practical aspects of soap formation, preventive conservation, and treatment. The occurrence of metal soaps is one of the defining issues in the conservation of painted surfaces, and one that presently leaves innumerable open questions. It is estimated that around 70% of paintings in museum collections are affected by some form of metal soap-related degradation. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the detection and characterization of these compounds through interdisciplinary approaches including conventional spectroscopy and microscopy as well as emerging synchrotron-based techniques. This book for the first time captures a panoramic overview of the state of knowledge of metal soaps related to both scientific analysis and implications for conservation and treatment. It also critically examines open questions. The book is accessible to audiences with varied backgrounds (e.g. conservators, students of conservation science) while simultaneously presenting the technical details indispensable for academics and researchers active in this field.
Download or read book Molecular Beam Epitaxy written by John Wilfred Orton and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a history of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) as applied to the growth of semiconductor thin films (note that it does not cover the subject of metal thin films). It begins by examining the origins of MBE, first of all looking at the nature of molecular beams and considering their application to fundamental physics, to the development of nuclear magnetic resonance and to the invention of the microwave MASER. It shows how molecular beams of silane (SiH4) were used to study the nucleation of silicon films on a silicon substrate and how such studies were extended to compound semiconductors such as GaAs. From such surface studies in ultra-high vacuum the technique developed into a method of growing high quality single crystal films of a wide range of semiconductors. Comparing this with earlier evaporation methods of deposition and with other epitaxial deposition methods such as liquid phase and vapour phase epitaxy (LPE and VPE). The text describes the development of MBE machines from the early 'home-made' variety to that of commercial equipment and show how MBE was gradually refined to produce high quality films with atomic dimensions. This was much aided by the use of various in-situ surface analysis techniques, such as reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and mass spectrometry, a feature unique to MBE. It looks at various modified versions of the basic MBE process, then proceed to describe their application to the growth of so-called 'low-dimensional structures' (LDS) based on ultra-thin heterostructure films with thickness of order a few molecular monolayers. Further chapters cover the growth of a wide range of different compounds and describe their application to fundamental physics and to the fabrication of electronic and opto-electronic devices. The authors study the historical development of all these aspects and emphasise both the (often unexpected) manner of their discovery and development and the unique features which MBE brings to the growth of extremely complex structures with monolayer accuracy.
Download or read book The Biodiesel Handbook written by Gerhard Knothe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this invaluable handbook covers converting vegetable oils, animal fats, and used oils into biodiesel fuel. The Biodiesel Handbook delivers solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the status of the biodiesel industry worldwide. - Incorporates the major research and other developments in the world of biodiesel in a comprehensive and practical format - Includes reference materials and tables on biodiesel standards, unit conversions, and technical details in four appendices - Presents details on other uses of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry for Cultural Heritage written by Rocco Mazzeo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-25 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience.Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
Download or read book Durability of Building Materials and Components written by Vasco Peixoto de de Freitas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-16 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Durability of Building Materials and Components provides a collection of recent research works to contribute to the systematization and dissemination of knowledge related to the long-term performance and durability of construction and, simultaneously, to show the most recent advances in this domain. It includes a set of new developments in the field of durability, service life prediction methodologies, the durability approach for historical and old buildings, asset and maintenance management and on the durability of materials, systems and components. The book is divided in several chapters that intend to be a resume of the current state of knowledge for benefit of professional colleagues.
Download or read book Remediation Case Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Learn Like a Pro written by Barbara Oakley PhD and published by St. Martin's Essentials. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A book for learners of all ages containing the best and most updated advice on learning from neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Do you spend too much time learning with disappointing results? Do you find it difficult to remember what you read? Do you put off studying because it’s boring and you’re easily distracted? This book is for you. Dr. Barbara Oakley and Olav Schewe have both struggled in the past with their learning. But they have found techniques to help them master any material. Building on insights from neuroscience and cognitive psychology, they give you a crash course to improve your ability to learn, no matter what the subject is. Through their decades of writing, teaching, and research on learning, the authors have developed deep connections with experts from a vast array of disciplines. And it’s all honed with feedback from thousands of students who have themselves gone through the trenches of learning. Successful learners gradually add tools and techniques to their mental toolbox, and they think critically about their learning to determine when and how to best use their mental tools. That allows these learners to make the best use of their brains, whether those brains seem “naturally” geared toward learning or not. This book will teach you how you can do the same.
Download or read book Critical Care Nursing written by Linda Diann Urden and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2010 with total page 1242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on critical care nursing, this full-color text provides an examination of the important aspects of critical care nursing. It is organized in ten units around alterations in body systems.
Download or read book AACR2 e written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains complete text of the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2d ed., 1998 rev., including all amendments, all appendices, a fully searchable table of contents and index, a tutorial, and Folio Views Infobase.
Download or read book Dust Explosions and Fires written by K. N. Palmer and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms written by OECD. and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
