Download or read book Anaerobic Co digestion of Organic Food Wastes Fat Oil and Grease with Wastewater Sludge to Optimise Energy Production and Biogas Purification written by Olumide Wesley Awe and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste for Energy Production written by Satoto Endar Nayono and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as such or together with food waste, press water or patatoes sludge was investigated to equilibrate methane production within a day or over the weekend, when no OFMSW was available. A stable co-digestion process could be achieved with COD degradation between 60 and 80 %. The max. organic loading rates were 28 kg COD/L, d. For stable methane production the OLR during Co-digestion should not excede 22,5 kg/L,
Download or read book Mesophilic Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Wastewater Sludge and Un dewatered Grease Trap Waste written by Sedat Yalcinkaya and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fat, oil, and grease residues, food particles, solids and some kitchen wastewaters are collected in grease traps which are separate from the municipal wastewater stream. Grease traps are emptied periodically and grease trap waste (GTW) is hauled for treatment. This dissertation focuses on anaerobic co-digestion of un-dewatered (raw) GTW with municipal wastewater treatment sludge (MWS) at wastewater treatment plants. In particular, this research focuses on the biochemical methane potential of un-dewatered GTW as well as the stability and performance of anaerobic co-digestion of MWS and un-dewatered GTW. A set of modified biochemical methane potential tests was performed to determine the methane potential of un-dewatered GTW under mesophilic conditions (35 °C). Methane potential of un-dewatered GTW in this study was 606 mL CH4/g VS [subscript added] which is less than previously reported methane potentials of 845 - 1050 mL CH4/g VS [subscript added] for concentrated/dewatered GTW. However, the methane potential of un-dewatered GTW (606 mL CH4/g VS [subscript added]) was more than two times greater than the 223 mL CH4/g VS [subscript added] reported for MWS digestion alone. A comprehensive study was performed to determine the stability and performance of anaerobic co-digestion of MWS with un-dewatered GTW as a function of increasing GTW feed ratios. The performance of two semi-continuously fed anaerobic digesters at 35 °C was evaluated as a function of increasing GTW feed ratios. Anaerobic co-digestion of MWS with un-dewatered GTW at a 46% GTW feed ratio (on a volatile solids basis) resulted in a 67% increase in methane production and a 26% increase in volatile solids reduction compared to anaerobic digestion of MWS alone. On the other hand, anaerobic co-digestion of un-dewatered GTW resulted in a higher inhibition threshold (46% on VS basis) than that of dewatered GTW. These results indicate that using un-dewatered GTW instead of dewatered GTW can reduce the inhibition risk of anaerobic co-digestion of MWS and GTW. Recovery of the anaerobic digesters following upset conditions was also evaluated and semi-continuous feed of digester effluent into upset digesters yielded of the biogas production level of the undisrupted digestion. Finally, a mathematical model was used to describe the relationship between methane potential and GTW feed ratio on a VS basis. The results of this research can be used to predict methane production and identify suitable GTW feeding ratios for successful co-digestion of un-dewatered GTW and MWS.
Download or read book Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Selected Commercial and Industrial Organic Wastes written by Vahid Razaviarani and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this research was to investigate the anaerobic co-digestion of municipal sewage sludge with selected organic wastes in three main areas: (1) to determine the maximum feasible loading of co-substrate, (2) to calibrate the ADM1 model for co-digestion system at steady state, and (3) to evaluate the linkage between microbial community dynamics and reactor performance and stability during steady state and overloading co-digestion. In this study, restaurant grease waste (GTW) as a commercial waste and biodiesel glycerin waste (BGW) as an industrial waste were co-digested with municipal wastewater sludge (MWS) in separate trials. In the first part of this research, the maximum feasible loading of each of the organic wastes with MWS with respect to the reactor performance and stability were investigated in the separate pilot-scale experiments. In each run, two 1300L completely mixed reactors were operated under mesophilic temperature (37°C) and a solids retention time (SRT) of 20 days. Throughout the pilot experiment, one reactor served as control and received only MWS and the other was assigned as the test digester and fed with the mixture of MWS and the co-substrate (GTW or BGW) in various organic loadings. GTW co-digestion with MWS was found to be feasible up to a maximum loading of 23% VS or 58% COD relative to the total 1.6 kg VS/m3-d or 4.0 kg COD/m3-d loadings, respectively. At this loading, test digester biogas production was 67% greater than that of the control. The test digester biogas production declined markedly when the percentage of VS from GTW in its feed was increased to 30% of its total VS loading. Causes of the reduced biogas production were investigated and attributed to process inhibition due to long chain fatty acid accumulation. The maximum safe limit of BGW co-digested with MWS was found at 23% and 35% of the total 1.04 kg VS/ (m3-d) and 2.38 kg COD/ (m3-d) loadings, respectively. At this loading, the biogas and methane production rates in the test digester were 1.65 and 1.83 times greater than of those in the control digester which received only MWS, respectively. Process instability was observed when the proportion of BGW in the test digester feed was 31% and 46% of the 1.18 kg VS/ (m3-d) and 2.88 kg COD/ (m3-d) loadings, respectively. In the second part of the research, the ADM1 model was calibrated for co-digestion of MWS and GTW at steady state using anaerobic respirometric test with substrate characterizations. Initial biomass concentrations and distributions were estimated using methane production rate curves together with effluent values from full-scale anaerobic digesters. Two separate datasets obtained from steady state mesophilic bench-scale experiments were used to calibrate and validate the model. The modified model was able to predict reasonably well the steady-state results of biogas production, CH4 and CO2 contents, pH, alkalinity, COD and VSS observed within the evaluated GTW loading. The calibrated model predicted well the bench and pilot scale co-digesters performance. The last part of the study was to investigate the relationships between microbial population (bacteria and archaea) dynamics and reactor performance and stability during the co-digestion of MWS with GTW or BGW in two separate trails. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Methanosaeta and Methanomicrobium were the dominant acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogen genera, respectively, during stable reactor operation. The roles of syntrophic bacteria such as Candidatus Cloacamonas-- and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were found to be substantial at overloading conditions in both experiments.
Download or read book Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Sludge and Restaurant Grease written by Zengkai Liu and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-30 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic codigestion of municipal wastewater sludge and restaurant grease was investigated in a semi-continuous lab-scale digestion experiment under mesophilic condition (37 C). Compared to the control digester, COD loading rate for test digester was elevated to 387% (organic loading rate 4.235 kgVS/m3/d) and led to 467% increase in daily biogas production, 25.2% increase in methane yield (based on VS deduction), 29.8% increase in COD reduction rate and 27.2% increase in VS reduction rate, respectively. Methane content ranged from 62% to 67%. There was no negative effect of grease addition on the digester performance in this experiment. The great increases in biogas production and methane yield indicated enhanced digestion performance. In addition, partial alkalinity and pH proved to be good indicators to monitor digestion process and predict overloading. It is still possible to keep increasing organic loading by the addition of more grease, but according to monitoring results, the system was close to overloading.
Download or read book Thermophilic and Hyper thermophilic Anaerobic Co digestion of Thickened Waste Activated Sludge and Fat Oil and Grease written by Rania Mona Zeid Alqaralleh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge to Methane written by Steven J. Hitte and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy from Microalgae written by Eduardo Jacob-Lopes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the production and use of microalgal biomass and bioproducts for energy generation. It also offers extensive information on engineering approaches to energy production, such as process integration and process intensification in harnessing energy from microalgae. Issues related to the environment, food, chemicals and energy supply pose serious threats to nations’ success and stability. The challenge to provide for a rapidly growing global population has made it imperative to find new technological routes to increase the production of consumables while also bearing in mind the biosphere’s ability to regenerate resources. Microbial biomass is a bioresource that provides effective solutions to these challenges. Divided into eight parts, the book explores microalgal production systems, life cycle assessment and the bio-economy of biofuels from microalgae, process integration and process intensification applied to microalgal biofuels production. In addition, it discusses the main fuel products obtained from microalgae, summarizing a range of useful energy products derived from algae-based systems, and outlines future developments. Given the book’s breadth of coverage and extensive bibliography, it offers an essential resource for researchers and industry professionals working in renewable energy.
Download or read book Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology written by Marcell Nikolausz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.
Download or read book Anaerobic Co Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste written by Luis Isidoro Romero García and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion written by Guangxue Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge written by Nancy Hamzawi and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a solution to the problems of municipal solid waste management, anaerobic digestion possesses the optimal combination of volume reduction, probability of success and potential for both energy and resource recovery. An innovative application of anaerobic processes is the co-digestion of sewage sludge and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the technical feasibility of this process in the context of typical Canadian solid waste. Lab-scale experiments were initially conducted using one litre batch bioreactors operated mesophilically (37$\sp\circ$C) and fed a mixture of primary sludge (RAW), thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) and simulated OFMSW. To facilitate organics solubilization, three pretreatments were evaluated: thermal, alkaline and thermochemical. Using a central composite experimental design, two factors were studied, the total solids content of the feed and its particle size. For all three pretreatments, second order empirical models were developed with respect to common indicators of metabolic activity, namely, biogas production, biogas methane concentration, soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and total and volatile solids reduction. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Download or read book Anaerobic Co Digestion Planning and Research for Green Bay WI written by Jonathan Kusowski and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aspiration to find an alternative sustainable fuel source is an ever growing concern. Anaerobic digestion might hold the answer to finding an alternative sustainable energy source. Anaerobic digestion does not only provide a renewable resource in the form of biogas, but also stabilizes wastes, preventing large amounts from being landfilled or incinerated. Anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater sludges can often be improved by the addition of high strength industrial wastes, in a process called co-digestion. High strength industrial wastes provide an additional carbon source for the microbes to utilize and convert into usable biogas. Co-digestion also offers the opportunity for the high strength wastes to be converted to renewable energy (biogas) rather than being landfilled of incinerated. During co-digestion, the three possible outcomes are synergistic, neutral or antagonistic with respect to gas production. This study was designed to test the effects of co-digesting various high strength industrial wastes in addition to actual municipal sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. Preliminary screening of 20 industrial wastes was completed to narrow the list down to four of the most promising wastes to be used during the bench-scale study. The most promising wastes were characterized by haul distance, chemical oxygen demand (COD), Volatile Solids (VS):Total Solids (TS) and biochemical methane potential (BMP) results. A long term bench-scale study was designed to test the effect of anaerobic digestion as well as co-digestion. The bench-scale digesters were run for 275 days over four different phases. The first phase tested the effect of digesting actual municipal sludge at an organic loading rate (OLR) range of 3 to 6 gCOD/L-day. The second, third and fourth phases tested co-digestion of a consistent mix of the four co-digestates with municipal wastewater sludge at increasing organic loading rates. The OLRs increased during each phase: Phase 2 OLR (4 to 7 gCOD/L-day), Phase 3 OLR (4 to 9 gCOD/L-day) and Phase 4 OLR (6 to 10 gCOD/L-day). Phase 3 and Phase 4 tested the effect of increasing the volume of co-digestate added in an attempt to achieve the maximum OLR of the bench-scale digesters. Co-digestion during Phase 2 and Phase 3 proved to be very beneficial. Phase 2 compared to Phase 1 resulted in an increase in CH4 production ranging from 18% to 31% as well as an increase in VSR of 6.7% to 13%. Phase 3 compared to Phase 1 saw an increase in CH4 production ranging from 34% to 45% as well as an increase in VSR ranging from 9.4% to 23%. Phase 4 digestion proved to be near or above the maximum OLR for the bench-scale digesters, resulting in operational issues and digester failure. Co-digestion could prove to be a solution to finding an improved renewable energy, but testing on the different high strength wastes that could be used to improve this technology.
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion written by Gavin Collins and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a naturally-occurring biological process in soils, sediments, ruminants, and several other anoxic environments, that cycles carbon and other nutrients, and converts organic matter into a methane-rich gas. As a biotechnology, AD is now well-established for the treatment of the organic fraction of various waste materials, including wastewaters, but is also increasingly applied for an expanding range of organic feedstocks suitable for biological conversion to biogas. AD applications are classified in various ways, including on the basis of bioreactor design; and operating parameters, such as retention time, temperature, pH, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) contents, and biodegradability of substrates. AD is an attractive bioenergy and waste / wastewater treatment technology. The advantages of AD for waste treatment include: production of a useable fuel (biogas/methane); possibility of high organic loading; reduced carbon footprint; and suitability for integration into a wide variety of process configurations and scales. Specifically, two important, and developing, applications exemplify the potential of AD technologies: (1) the integration of AD as the basis of the core technologies underpinning municipal wastewater, and sewage, treatment, to displace less sustainable, and more energy-intensive, aerobic biological treatment systems in urban water infrastructures; and (2) technical innovations for higher-rate conversions of high-solids wastestreams, and feedstocks, for the production of energy carriers (i.e. methane-biogas, but possibly also biohydrogen) and other industrially-relevant intermediates, such as organic acids. Internationally, the research effort to maximize AD biogas yield has increased ten-fold over the past decade. Depending on the feedstocks, bioreactor design and process parameters, fundamental and applied knowledge are still required to improve conversion rates and biogas yields. This Research Topic cover aspects related to AD processes, such as the effect of feedstock composition, as well as the effect of feedstock pre-treatment, bioreactor design and operating modes, on process efficiency; microbial community dynamics and systems biology; influence of macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations and availability; process control; upgrading and calibration of anaerobic digestion models (e.g. ADM1) considering the biochemical routes as well as the hydrodynamics in such ecosystems; and novel approaches to process monitoring, such as the development, and application, of novel, and rapid diagnostic assays, including those based on molecular microbiology. Detailed full-scale application studies were also particularly welcomed.
Download or read book Advances in Biofuels and Bioenergy written by Madhugiri Nageswara-Rao and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worldwide consumption of fossil fuel continues to increase at unsustainable levels, which will lead to progressive scarcity, if immediate and innovative measures are not taken for its sustainable use. This scarcity necessitates the development of renewable and sustainable alternatives for fossil fuels. A possible solution to today's energy challenges can be provided by biofuels. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current status and the future implications of biofuels. Diverse and aptly covered comprehensive information in this book will directly enhance both basic and applied research in biofuels and will particularly be useful for students, scientists, breeders, growers, ecologists, industrialists and policy makers. It will be a valuable reference point to improve biofuels in the areas of ecologically and economically sustainable bioenergy research.
Download or read book The Use of Bioremediation Products in Ananerobic Co Digestion of Fat Oil and Grease FOG and Municipal Waste written by Sarah Folk and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this study was to determine the impacts of the digestion of fat, oil, and grease waste (FOG) with the municipal waste. Additionally, a bioremediation product, BioAmp, was used to determine its impact on the stability of the reactors and on biogas yields. The variation of mixed versus settled FOG samples was also investigated for its impact on biogas yields. Ten different reactor compositions were created: sewage sludge, inoculum, before and after BioAmp Treatment with mixed FOG, before and after BioAmp treatment with settled FOG, and co-digestion with these four variations of FOG and sewage sludge. Tests were taken before and after the experiment to determine the characteristics of the samples and stability of the reactors. The reactors were maintained at 35 C for 91 days. Biogas readings were taken daily from each reactor. From these tests we determined that the stability of the reactors was not impacted by fat, oil, and grease. Co-digestion of sewage sludge with FOG proved to have a favorable impact on biogas yields. Actual yields for co-digestion were up to 20% higher than predicted gas production using mono-digestion rates. BioAmp facilitated higher biogas yields. A 42% increase was observed between for the mixed mono-digestion fat, oil, and grease samples after BioAmp treatment. Additionally, the mixed FOG samples provided higher biogas yields than the settled FOG samples. Overall, co-digestion of FOG proved to be feasible and beneficial.
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by Lucia Martín González and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
