Download or read book Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Sludge with High strength Industrial Wastes written by Prasoon Adhikari and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Co Digestion Planning and Research for Green Bay WI written by Jonathan Kusowski and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aspiration to find an alternative sustainable fuel source is an ever growing concern. Anaerobic digestion might hold the answer to finding an alternative sustainable energy source. Anaerobic digestion does not only provide a renewable resource in the form of biogas, but also stabilizes wastes, preventing large amounts from being landfilled or incinerated. Anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater sludges can often be improved by the addition of high strength industrial wastes, in a process called co-digestion. High strength industrial wastes provide an additional carbon source for the microbes to utilize and convert into usable biogas. Co-digestion also offers the opportunity for the high strength wastes to be converted to renewable energy (biogas) rather than being landfilled of incinerated. During co-digestion, the three possible outcomes are synergistic, neutral or antagonistic with respect to gas production. This study was designed to test the effects of co-digesting various high strength industrial wastes in addition to actual municipal sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. Preliminary screening of 20 industrial wastes was completed to narrow the list down to four of the most promising wastes to be used during the bench-scale study. The most promising wastes were characterized by haul distance, chemical oxygen demand (COD), Volatile Solids (VS):Total Solids (TS) and biochemical methane potential (BMP) results. A long term bench-scale study was designed to test the effect of anaerobic digestion as well as co-digestion. The bench-scale digesters were run for 275 days over four different phases. The first phase tested the effect of digesting actual municipal sludge at an organic loading rate (OLR) range of 3 to 6 gCOD/L-day. The second, third and fourth phases tested co-digestion of a consistent mix of the four co-digestates with municipal wastewater sludge at increasing organic loading rates. The OLRs increased during each phase: Phase 2 OLR (4 to 7 gCOD/L-day), Phase 3 OLR (4 to 9 gCOD/L-day) and Phase 4 OLR (6 to 10 gCOD/L-day). Phase 3 and Phase 4 tested the effect of increasing the volume of co-digestate added in an attempt to achieve the maximum OLR of the bench-scale digesters. Co-digestion during Phase 2 and Phase 3 proved to be very beneficial. Phase 2 compared to Phase 1 resulted in an increase in CH4 production ranging from 18% to 31% as well as an increase in VSR of 6.7% to 13%. Phase 3 compared to Phase 1 saw an increase in CH4 production ranging from 34% to 45% as well as an increase in VSR ranging from 9.4% to 23%. Phase 4 digestion proved to be near or above the maximum OLR for the bench-scale digesters, resulting in operational issues and digester failure. Co-digestion could prove to be a solution to finding an improved renewable energy, but testing on the different high strength wastes that could be used to improve this technology.
Download or read book Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Selected Commercial and Industrial Organic Wastes written by Vahid Razaviarani and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this research was to investigate the anaerobic co-digestion of municipal sewage sludge with selected organic wastes in three main areas: (1) to determine the maximum feasible loading of co-substrate, (2) to calibrate the ADM1 model for co-digestion system at steady state, and (3) to evaluate the linkage between microbial community dynamics and reactor performance and stability during steady state and overloading co-digestion. In this study, restaurant grease waste (GTW) as a commercial waste and biodiesel glycerin waste (BGW) as an industrial waste were co-digested with municipal wastewater sludge (MWS) in separate trials. In the first part of this research, the maximum feasible loading of each of the organic wastes with MWS with respect to the reactor performance and stability were investigated in the separate pilot-scale experiments. In each run, two 1300L completely mixed reactors were operated under mesophilic temperature (37°C) and a solids retention time (SRT) of 20 days. Throughout the pilot experiment, one reactor served as control and received only MWS and the other was assigned as the test digester and fed with the mixture of MWS and the co-substrate (GTW or BGW) in various organic loadings. GTW co-digestion with MWS was found to be feasible up to a maximum loading of 23% VS or 58% COD relative to the total 1.6 kg VS/m3-d or 4.0 kg COD/m3-d loadings, respectively. At this loading, test digester biogas production was 67% greater than that of the control. The test digester biogas production declined markedly when the percentage of VS from GTW in its feed was increased to 30% of its total VS loading. Causes of the reduced biogas production were investigated and attributed to process inhibition due to long chain fatty acid accumulation. The maximum safe limit of BGW co-digested with MWS was found at 23% and 35% of the total 1.04 kg VS/ (m3-d) and 2.38 kg COD/ (m3-d) loadings, respectively. At this loading, the biogas and methane production rates in the test digester were 1.65 and 1.83 times greater than of those in the control digester which received only MWS, respectively. Process instability was observed when the proportion of BGW in the test digester feed was 31% and 46% of the 1.18 kg VS/ (m3-d) and 2.88 kg COD/ (m3-d) loadings, respectively. In the second part of the research, the ADM1 model was calibrated for co-digestion of MWS and GTW at steady state using anaerobic respirometric test with substrate characterizations. Initial biomass concentrations and distributions were estimated using methane production rate curves together with effluent values from full-scale anaerobic digesters. Two separate datasets obtained from steady state mesophilic bench-scale experiments were used to calibrate and validate the model. The modified model was able to predict reasonably well the steady-state results of biogas production, CH4 and CO2 contents, pH, alkalinity, COD and VSS observed within the evaluated GTW loading. The calibrated model predicted well the bench and pilot scale co-digesters performance. The last part of the study was to investigate the relationships between microbial population (bacteria and archaea) dynamics and reactor performance and stability during the co-digestion of MWS with GTW or BGW in two separate trails. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Methanosaeta and Methanomicrobium were the dominant acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogen genera, respectively, during stable reactor operation. The roles of syntrophic bacteria such as Candidatus Cloacamonas-- and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were found to be substantial at overloading conditions in both experiments.
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge to Methane written by Steven J. Hitte and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment written by Sandra M. Stronach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been many significant microbiological, biochemical and technological advances made in the understanding and implementation of anaerobic digestion processes with respect to industrial and domestic wastewater treatment. Elucida tion of the mechanisms of anaerobic degradation has permitted a greater control over the biological parameters of waste conversion and the technical advances achieved have reduced the time and land area requirements and increased the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the various processes presently in use. By product recovery in the form of utilisable methane gas has become increasingly feasible, while the development of new and superior anaerobic reactor designs with increased tolerance to toxic and shock loadings of concentrated effiuents has established a potential for treating many extremely recalcitrant industrial wastestreams. The major anaerobic bioreactor systems and their applications and limitations are examined here, together with microbiological and biochemical aspects of anaerobic wastewater treatment processes. London, June 1986 S. M. Stronach T. Rudd J. N. Lester v Table of Contents 1 The Biochemistry of Anaerobic Digestion 1 1. 1 Kinetics of Substrate Utilisation and Bacterial Growth 3 1. 1. 1 COD Fluxes and Mean Carbon Oxidation State 3 1. 1. 2 Bacterial Growth and Biokinetics 4 1. 1. 2. 1 Growth and Single Substrate Kinetics 4 1. 1. 2. 2 Multisubstrate Systems . 8 1. 2 Kinetics and Biochemistry of Hydrolysis 8 1. 3 Kinetics and Biochemistry of Fermentation and J1-0xidation . 11 1.
Download or read book Co digestion of Municipal Solid Waste and Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludges written by Daniel Thomas Rich and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Basic Biotechnology written by Colin Ratledge and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-25 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology is one of the major technologies of the twenty-first century. Its wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary activities include recombinant DNA techniques, cloning and the application of microbiology to the production of goods from bread to antibiotics. In this new edition of the textbook Basic Biotechnology, biology and bioprocessing topics are uniquely combined to provide a complete overview of biotechnology. The fundamental principles that underpin all biotechnology are explained and a full range of examples are discussed to show how these principles are applied; from starting substrate to final product. A distinctive feature of this text are the discussions of the public perception of biotechnology and the business of biotechnology, which set the science in a broader context. This comprehensive textbook is essential reading for all students of biotechnology and applied microbiology, and for researchers in biotechnology industries.
Download or read book Mesophilic Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Industrial Wastes written by T. Wallace and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters written by Michael F. Torpy and published by Noyes Publications. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes several types of anaerobic treatment for municipal and industrial wastewaters.
Download or read book Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.
Download or read book Anaerobic Waste Wastewater Treatment and Biogas Plants written by Joseph Chukwuemeka Akunna and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book guides specialists and non-specialists from around the world on how or whether anaerobic processes can be part of solutions for the management of municipal and industrial solid, semi-solid, and liquid residues. The simple self-learning presentation style is designed to encourage deep understanding of the process principles, plant types and system configurations, performance capabilities, operational and maintenance requirements, post-treatment needs, and management options for coproducts without complex biochemical terminologies and equations. It describes key aerobic biological treatment processes used in conjunction with anaerobic biological treatment in feedstock pre-treatment and in post-treatment of by-products. Practical pre-treatment processes, techniques and operations are described alongside additional treatment techniques of biogas, digestates and treated effluents for various end use options. Effective applications in developing countries are also considered, enabling practitioners and plant operators to effectively apply technology in temperate and warm climatic conditions.
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste for Energy Production written by Satoto Endar Nayono and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as such or together with food waste, press water or patatoes sludge was investigated to equilibrate methane production within a day or over the weekend, when no OFMSW was available. A stable co-digestion process could be achieved with COD degradation between 60 and 80 %. The max. organic loading rates were 28 kg COD/L, d. For stable methane production the OLR during Co-digestion should not excede 22,5 kg/L,
Download or read book Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge written by Nancy Hamzawi and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a solution to the problems of municipal solid waste management, anaerobic digestion possesses the optimal combination of volume reduction, probability of success and potential for both energy and resource recovery. An innovative application of anaerobic processes is the co-digestion of sewage sludge and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the technical feasibility of this process in the context of typical Canadian solid waste. Lab-scale experiments were initially conducted using one litre batch bioreactors operated mesophilically (37$\sp\circ$C) and fed a mixture of primary sludge (RAW), thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) and simulated OFMSW. To facilitate organics solubilization, three pretreatments were evaluated: thermal, alkaline and thermochemical. Using a central composite experimental design, two factors were studied, the total solids content of the feed and its particle size. For all three pretreatments, second order empirical models were developed with respect to common indicators of metabolic activity, namely, biogas production, biogas methane concentration, soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and total and volatile solids reduction. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Download or read book Green Technologies written by Pau Loke Show and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green technologies can be identified as key components in Industry 4.0. The scope of this book is to address how conventional green technologies can be a part of smart industries by minimizing waste, maximizing productivity, optimizing the supply chain, or by additive manufacturing. This theme focuses on the scope and challenges of integrating current environmental technologies in future industries. This book, “Green Technologies: Bridging Conventional Practices and Industry 4.0”, aims to incorporate and introduce the advances in green technologies to the cyber-based industries. It is hoped that the novel green technologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
Download or read book Biological Treatment of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Anaerobic digestion and solids liquid separation papers presented at the conference on anaerobic digestion and solids handling written by Manhattan College and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Biofuels and Bioenergy written by Madhugiri Nageswara-Rao and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worldwide consumption of fossil fuel continues to increase at unsustainable levels, which will lead to progressive scarcity, if immediate and innovative measures are not taken for its sustainable use. This scarcity necessitates the development of renewable and sustainable alternatives for fossil fuels. A possible solution to today's energy challenges can be provided by biofuels. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current status and the future implications of biofuels. Diverse and aptly covered comprehensive information in this book will directly enhance both basic and applied research in biofuels and will particularly be useful for students, scientists, breeders, growers, ecologists, industrialists and policy makers. It will be a valuable reference point to improve biofuels in the areas of ecologically and economically sustainable bioenergy research.
Download or read book Mesophilic Anaerobic Co digestion of Municipal Wastewater Sludge and Un dewatered Grease Trap Waste written by Sedat Yalcinkaya and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fat, oil, and grease residues, food particles, solids and some kitchen wastewaters are collected in grease traps which are separate from the municipal wastewater stream. Grease traps are emptied periodically and grease trap waste (GTW) is hauled for treatment. This dissertation focuses on anaerobic co-digestion of un-dewatered (raw) GTW with municipal wastewater treatment sludge (MWS) at wastewater treatment plants. In particular, this research focuses on the biochemical methane potential of un-dewatered GTW as well as the stability and performance of anaerobic co-digestion of MWS and un-dewatered GTW. A set of modified biochemical methane potential tests was performed to determine the methane potential of un-dewatered GTW under mesophilic conditions (35 °C). Methane potential of un-dewatered GTW in this study was 606 mL CH4/g VS [subscript added] which is less than previously reported methane potentials of 845 - 1050 mL CH4/g VS [subscript added] for concentrated/dewatered GTW. However, the methane potential of un-dewatered GTW (606 mL CH4/g VS [subscript added]) was more than two times greater than the 223 mL CH4/g VS [subscript added] reported for MWS digestion alone. A comprehensive study was performed to determine the stability and performance of anaerobic co-digestion of MWS with un-dewatered GTW as a function of increasing GTW feed ratios. The performance of two semi-continuously fed anaerobic digesters at 35 °C was evaluated as a function of increasing GTW feed ratios. Anaerobic co-digestion of MWS with un-dewatered GTW at a 46% GTW feed ratio (on a volatile solids basis) resulted in a 67% increase in methane production and a 26% increase in volatile solids reduction compared to anaerobic digestion of MWS alone. On the other hand, anaerobic co-digestion of un-dewatered GTW resulted in a higher inhibition threshold (46% on VS basis) than that of dewatered GTW. These results indicate that using un-dewatered GTW instead of dewatered GTW can reduce the inhibition risk of anaerobic co-digestion of MWS and GTW. Recovery of the anaerobic digesters following upset conditions was also evaluated and semi-continuous feed of digester effluent into upset digesters yielded of the biogas production level of the undisrupted digestion. Finally, a mathematical model was used to describe the relationship between methane potential and GTW feed ratio on a VS basis. The results of this research can be used to predict methane production and identify suitable GTW feeding ratios for successful co-digestion of un-dewatered GTW and MWS.
