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Book An Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Use in Virginia

Download or read book An Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Use in Virginia written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report has been prepared in response to a request from the Transportation Safety Administration of the Department of Motor Vehicles for data concerning the use of safety belts and child safety seats by the occupants of vehicles bearing Virginia license plates. In an effort to track changes in safety belt use as a result of various statutory enactments, enforcement campaigns, and public information efforts, a series of surveys were conducted. These surveys occurred over two time periods: 1974 through 1977, and 1983 through 1989. During the period ending in 1986, only the four major metropolitan areas of the state were used for data collection. From 1987 through 1989, survey sites were added in nine smaller communities. These areas are referred to as "towns," although several are legally classified as cities. Prior to enactment of the child safety seat law in the 1982 session of the Virginia General Assembly and the occupant restraint law in the 1987 session, belt use by the affected groups (children under 4 years of age and all front seat occupants) showed small yearly increases. After the effective date of each of the statutes, there was a markedly large increase in use by both target groups. The child seat use rate has remained relatively stable over the entire 7-year postlaw period, at approximately two-thirds of those surveyed. The front seat rate peaked at nearly 63% in the first 6 months after the effective date of law and subsequently declined to about 55% (p

Book A Survey of Child Safety Seat and Safety Belt Use in Virginia

Download or read book A Survey of Child Safety Seat and Safety Belt Use in Virginia written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book An Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Use in Virginia

Download or read book An Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Use in Virginia written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observational surveys of safety belt use in Virginia have been conducted in two series. The first covered 1974 through 1977, and the second 1983 through 1988. This report is concerned only with the latter series and encompasses use rates that are the result of passage of the Child Safety Seat Law (Senate Bill 413), which went into effect on January 1, 1983, and the Mandatory Use Law (MUL) (House Bill 1210), which went into effect on January 1, 1988. Observed belt usages are analyzed according to a number of occupant, vehicle, and geographic characteristics. Each of these is discussed in a separate section of the report. There were gradual increases in safety belt use in the urban areas between 1983 and 1987. Subsequent to the effective date of the state MUL, there was a sharp rise in use rates. In 1988, 68.9% of the urban drivers and 50.8% of the urban passengers used a safety belt. Use rates in the towns were much lower than those for the urban areas, but there also was a large increase in usage rates subsequent to the MUL. Although there were large differences in the belt use rates among the towns surveyed, 55.8% of the town drivers and 37.1% of the town passengers were belt users in 1988. The combined statewide rates were 65.5% for drivers and 46.8% for passengers--rates of use nearly double the pre-MUL rates of 34.3% and 28.9%. A number of other findings are presented in the report. Among these are the following: (1) belt use was highest in the northern area of the state; (2) there was little difference in use rates throughout the day; (3) approximately two-thirds of all the infants were in safety seats; (4) 37.5% (1987) and 21.4% (1988) of the child seats were misused in an obvious way; and (5) with the exception of infants, older adults had the highest rates of use in 1988. It was concluded that passage of the Child Safety Seat Law and the MUL had a major positive influence on safety belt use rates in Virginia. It is recommended that efforts to bolster the belt-wearing habits of Virginians should be directed to the residents of the smaller communities and rural areas. Efforts should also be directed at occupants of the rear seating positions of automobiles and at males 17 through 30 years old. Finally, programs and expenditures of funds should be initiated in areas where use rates have started to decline or have remained below one-half of those observed.

Book Virginia State Documents

Download or read book Virginia State Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book A Direct Observation of the Use of Child Safety Seats in Metropolitan Areas of Virginia During Summer 1993

Download or read book A Direct Observation of the Use of Child Safety Seats in Metropolitan Areas of Virginia During Summer 1993 written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observational surveys of child safety seat use were conducted at the request of the Transportation Safety Administration of the Department of Motor Vehicles. The present survey was conducted in the four areas of the state with the largest populations. The data were categorized as correct use, incorrect use, and no use for each seat position in the car for children judged by the survey team to require safety seats under state law. Correct child seat use was higher (51.6%) in the rear seats of cars than in the front seats (40.8%). For the entire car, only 48.9% of the children were in a correctly used child seat, 33.6% of the child occupants were not in a safety seat, and 17.5% of the seats were obviously misused. The data also showed variations in the pattern of use among the four areas of the state. The rate of incorrect use was probably underestimated by this survey. There is a need to address the problems of non-use and incorrect use through increased education and enforcement efforts on the part of the state and localities.

Book The Guide to Community Preventive Services

Download or read book The Guide to Community Preventive Services written by Task Force on Community Preventive Services and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-02-17 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gold standard for evidence-based public health, The Guide to Community Preventive Services is a primary resource to improve health and prevent disease in states, communities, independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Preventive Services, The Guide uses comprehensive systemic review methods to evaluate population-oriented health interventions. The recommendations of the Task Force are explicitly linked to the scientific evidence developed during systematic reviews. This volume examines the effectiveness and efficiency of interventions to combat such risky behaviors as tobacco use, physical inactivity, and violence; to reduce the impact and suffering of specific conditions such as cancer, diabetes, vaccine-preventable diseases, and motor vehicle injuries; and to address social determinants oh health such as education, housing, and access to care. The chapters are grouped into three broad categories: changing risk behaviors; reducing specific diseases, injuries, and impairments; and methodological background for the book itself.

Book The Use of Safety Restraint Systems in Virginia by Occupants Under 16 Years of Age

Download or read book The Use of Safety Restraint Systems in Virginia by Occupants Under 16 Years of Age written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of observational surveys to determine child safety seat use in Virginia began in 1993 at the request of officials of Virginia's Department of Motor Vehicles. During all 5 years (there was no survey in 1995), data for metropolitan areas were collected at the same locations, at the same time of day and day of week, and in accordance with the same criteria for determining use. In 1997, data collection was added for safety restraint use by occupants 4 to 16 years of age at the request of officials of the Virginia Department of Health (VDH), which is now responsible for the state's child safety seat program. In addition, VDH requested that sites be added in communities with a population between 50,000 and 100,000 (mid-size cities), so 7 sites were added. The 1998 data show that the proportion of children riding in the front seats has shifted. For metropolitan area occupants under 4 years of age, the proportion of front seat occupants was 19.6% in 1997 and 7.3% in 1998 (p

Book Highway Research Abstracts

Download or read book Highway Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book 1988 Observational Survey of Seat Belt and Child Restraint Device Usage Among Children Fourteen Years of Age and Under in Florida

Download or read book 1988 Observational Survey of Seat Belt and Child Restraint Device Usage Among Children Fourteen Years of Age and Under in Florida written by Robert L. Degner and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Estimated Safety Belt Use Rates Under Primary and Secondary Enforcement Statutes

Download or read book Estimated Safety Belt Use Rates Under Primary and Secondary Enforcement Statutes written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Virginia Transportation Research Council was requested by the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles to estimate the changes in statewide safety belt use that would occur if the state were to modify its current mandatory use law (HUL) to permit primary enforcement. In carrying out the project, a literature review and a review of all state HUL statutes were conducted. In addition, three sources of data (two national and one state) were used to identify whether there were variations in the rates of safety belt use and the factors influencing any differences found. Several factors relevant to safety belt use were identified. Thirty-seven states and the District of Columbia have an MUL, and 9 provide for primary enforcement. It was found that belt use was generally greater in states with primary enforcement. In addition, belt use was higher in localities with both an active public information campaign and an active enforcement effort. Finally, there was a large increase in belt use by front seat occupants in Virginia after passage of the HUL, whereas belt use by rear seat occupants dropped dramatically during the same period. It was concluded that either of two actions would result in a 6 to 8 percentage point Increase in the statewide belt use rate. These two actions are (1) modify the current MUL to provide for primary enforcement, or (2) amend the current HUL to apply to both front and rear seat occupants. Either change would result in a rise to a rate of approximately 62% from the current rate of 54%.

Book The Use of Safety Restraint Systems in Virginia by Occupants Under 16 Years of Age

Download or read book The Use of Safety Restraint Systems in Virginia by Occupants Under 16 Years of Age written by Charles B. Stoke and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of observational surveys, to determine child safety seat use in Virginia, began in 1993 at the request of DMV officials. During all 4 years (there was no survey in 1995), data in metropolitan areas were collected at the same locations, at the same time of day and day of week, and according to the same criteria for determining use. In 1997, data collection was added for safety restraint use by occupants 4 to 16 years of age at the request of officials of the Department of Health, which is now responsible for the state's child safety seat program. In addition, data were collected on whether any booster seats in use were being used properly. Seven sites were also added in communities with a population between 50,000 and 100,000 (mid-size cities). For the entire vehicle, the 1997 metropolitan area child safety seat correct use rate was 54.1 %, incorrect use was 17.4%, and non-use was 28.5%. Non-use was greater in the front seats (42.1 %) than in the rear seats (25.2%). The western area had the highest non-use rate (50.0%) and the lowest correct use rate (32.1 %). Non-use and correct use in Northern Virginia, Central Virginia, and Tidewater were similar, with correct use ranging from 53.1% to 58.7% and non-use ranging from 24.8% to 29.1 %. Child safety seat use in the three areas categorized as mid-size cities (Charlottesville, Danville, and Lynchburg) was lower than in the metropolitan areas: correct use was 43.2%, incorrect use was 14.8%, and non-use was 42.0%, with Danville having the highest non-use rate at 61.9%. Non-use was higher in the front seats (66.7%) than in the rear seats (37.7%). Safety restraint/seat belt use by occupants 4 to 16 years old riding in the rear seats was very low. In the metropolitan areas, correct use was 34.9%, incorrect use was 2.3%, and non-use was 62.9%, with the western area having the highest non-use rate (69.3%). In the mid-size cities, correct use was 26.2%, incorrect use was 1.5%, and non-use was 72.3%, rates considerably worse than in the metropolitan areas, with Danville having a non-use rate of 84.7%. There was a high correct use rate for booster seats: 83.1% for the entire vehicle, 84.0% for the rear seats, and 77.8% for the front seats. The recommendations include the initiation of research to determine why child safety seat use is so low, a public information and education effort geared specifically toward child safety seat use, a special education and enforcement effort aimed at occupants 4 to 16 years of age, and frequent and continuous education and enforcement efforts because of changes in the population of the targeted groups.

Book New Serial Titles

Download or read book New Serial Titles written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A union list of serials commencing publication after Dec. 31, 1949.