Download or read book An Investigation of Window and Lighting Systems Using Life Cycle Cost Analysis for the Purpose of Energy Conservation in Langford Building A at Texas A M University written by Hea Yeon Hwang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Langford Building A forms part of the Langford Architectural Complex at Texas A & M University. Inefficient lighting fixtures and single pane windows in Langford Building A contribute to a considerable portion of the total cost of energy for this building. In the Southwestern United States, a building's windows can be responsible for a significant loss of energy. The windows and inefficient light bulbs can result in high utility costs and high labor charges from more frequent lighting maintenance than that required for efficient lighting. In Langford Building A, window system energy efficiency has not been improved since the building was constructed in 1977. This paper investigates the economic feasibility of using efficient lighting and window systems in Langford Building A. The cost for windows and new lighting tubes was analyzed and compared by using Life Cycle Cost Analysis. The payback periods, determined in this analysis, showed that more efficient lighting and window systems would reduce costs. As results of this analysis, the window film and LED lighting tube reduce building life cycle cost and short payback periods than other alternatives.

Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Windows in Buildings written by Rosalie T. Ruegg and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Opportunities and Life Cycle Energy Impacts of High performance Windows in Reducing Energy Use in Residential Buildings written by Negar Ashrafi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's energy-efficient windows can dramatically lower heating and cooling costs associated with windows while increasing occupant comfort. However, consumers are often confused about how to select the most efficient window for a residence. Furthermore, how this efficiency is defined is another problem that needs to be addressed.Energy consumption is a scale that is used for defining energy efficiency. In most cases, the amount of energy that is used during the products service life (operational energy) will be measured as the total energy consumption of the product. However, the amount of energy that is used for producing a product is also as much important as operational energy, which should be taken into consideration.In this thesis, it was attempted to provide useful recommendations for selecting the most efficient window glazing systems with regard to their overall energy consumption, using a Life-Cycle Energy Analysis (LCEA) method. The effect of using thirteen (13) different commonly used types of glazing systems on the annual energy use for a residential building was compared in various climate conditions across the U.S. Moreover, the amount of energy required for producing these glazing systems were identified. The results obtained from the analyses of these two phases of the study was used to create a simple set of guidelines, which can be utilized to select the most efficient glazing systems in terms of overall energy consumption based on different climate condition.

Download or read book Life cycle costing emphasizing energy conservation written by Reynolds, Smith and Hills and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Windows and Lighting Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 30% of all energy use in buildings is attributable to two sources: windows and lighting. Together they account for annual consumer energy expenditures of more than $50 billion. Each affects not only energy use by other major building systems, but also comfort and productivity -- factors that influence building economics far more than does direct energy consumption alone. Windows play a unique role in the building envelope, physically separating the conditioned space from the world outside without sacrificing vital visual contact. Throughout the indoor environment, lighting systems facilitate a variety of tasks associated with a wide range of visual requirements while defining the luminous qualities of the indoor environment. Windows and lighting are thus essential components of any comprehensive building science program. Despite important achievements in reducing building energy consumption over the past decade, significant additional savings are still possible. These will come from two complementary strategies: (1) improve building designs so that they effectively apply existing technologies and extend the market penetration of these technologies; and (2) develop advanced technologies that increase the savings potential of each application. Both the Windows and Daylighting Group and the Lighting System Research Group have made substantial contributions in each of these areas, and continue to do so through the ongoing research summarized here. 23 refs., 16 figs.

Download or read book Analysis of Life Cycle Costs and Energy Savings of Electrochromic Glazing for an Office Building written by Kavish Prakash Munshi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building Envelope includes walls, roofs and openings, which react to the outdoor environmental condition. Today, with the increasing use of glass in building envelope, the energy usage of the buildings is increasing, especially in the offices and commercial buildings. Use of right glass type and control triggers helps to optimize the energy use, by tradeoff between optical and thermal properties. The part of the research looks at the different control triggers and its range that governs the use of electrochromic glass to regulate the energy usage in building. All different control trigger that can be possibly used for regulating the clear and tint state of glass were analyzed with most appropriate range. Its range was triggered such that 80% time of the glass is trigger between the ranges. The other building parameters like window wall ratio and orientations were also investigated. The other half of the research study looks into the feasibility of using the Electrochromic windows, as it is ought to be the main factor governing the market usage of Electrochromic windows and to investigate the possible ways to make it feasible. Different LCC parameters were studied to make it market feasible product. This study shows that installing this technology with most appropriate trigger range can reduce annual building energy consumption from 6-8% but still cost of the technology is 3 times the ASHRAE glass, which results in 70-90 years of payback. This study concludes that south orientation saves up to 3-5% of energy and 4-6% of cooling tons while north orientation gives negligible saving using EC glass. LCC parameters show that there is relative change in increasing the net saving for different parameters but none except 50% of the present glass cost is the possible option where significant change is observed.

Download or read book A Field Demonstration of Energy Conservation Using Occupancy Sensor Lighting Control in Equipment Rooms written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pacific Northwest Laboratory identified energy savings potential of automatic equipment-room lighting controls, which was demonstrated by the field experiment described in this report. Occupancy sensor applications have gained popularity in recent years due to improved technology that enhances reliability and reduces cost. Automatic lighting control using occupancy sensors has been accepted as an energy-conservation measure because it reduces wasted lighting. This study focused on lighting control for equipment rooms, which have inherent conditions ideal for automatic lighting control, i.e., an area which is seldom occupied, multiple users of the area who would not know if others are in the room when they leave, and high lighting energy intensity in the area. Two rooms were selected for this study: a small equipment room in the basement of the 337 Building, and a large equipment area in the upper level of the 329 Building. The rooms were selected to demonstrate the various degrees of complexity which may be encountered in equipment rooms throughout the Hanford Site. The 337 Building equipment-room test case demonstrated a 97% reduction in lighting energy consumption, with an annual energy savings of $184. Including lamp-replacement savings, a total savings of $306 per year is offset by an initial installation cost of $1,100. The installation demonstrates a positive net present value of $2,858 when the lamp-replacement costs are included in a life-cycle analysis. This also corresponds to a 4.0-year payback period. The 329 Building equipment-room installation resulted in a 92% reduction in lighting energy consumption. This corresponds to annual energy savings of $1,372, and a total annual savings of $2,104 per year including lamp-replacement savings. The life-cycle cost analysis shows a net present value of $15,855, with a 5.8-year payback period.

Download or read book Planning Guide for Maintaining School Facilities written by Tom Szuba and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation of Energy Conservation Through the Use of Natural Light written by Janice Martin Nease and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Smart Buildings Systems for Architects Owners and Builders written by James M Sinopoli and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2009-11-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart Buildings Systems for Architects, Owners and Builders is a practical guide and resource for architects, builders, engineers, facility managers, developers, contractors, and design consultants. The book covers the costs and benefits of smart buildings, and the basic design foundations, technology systems, and management systems encompassed within a smart building. Unlike other resources, Smart Buildings is organized to provide an overview of each of the technology systems in a building, and to indicate where each of these systems is in their migration to and utilization of the standard underpinnings of a smart building. Written for any professional interested in designing or building smart Buildings systems, this book provides you with the fundamentals needed to select and utilize the most up to date technologies to serve your purpose. In this book, you'll find simple to follow illustrations and diagrams, detailed explanations of systems and how they work and their draw backs. Case studies are used to provide examples of systems and the common problems encountered during instillation. Some simple Repair and Trouble shooting tips are also included. After reading this book, builders, architects and owners will have a solid understanding of how these systems work which of these system is right for their project. Concise and easy to understand, the book will also provide a common language for ensure understanding across the board. Thereby, eliminating confusion and creating a common understanding among professionals. Ethernet, TCP/IP protocols, SQL datebases, standard fiber optic Data Networks and Voice Networks Fire Alarm Systems, Access Control Systems and Video Surveillance Systems Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems and Electric Power Management Systems, Lighting Control Systems Facility Management Systems

Download or read book Window Design Strategies to Conserve Energy written by Robert Hastings and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multitude of design strategies are available to achieve energy-efficient windows. Opportunities for improving window performance fall into six groups: site, exterior appendages, frame, glazing, interior accessories, and building interior. Design strategies within these groups can improve one or more of the six energy functions of windows: solar heating, daylighting, shading, insulation, air tightness, and ventilation. Included in this report are 33 strategies; an explanation of the physical phenomena responsible for each strategys energy performance, summarized energy and non-energy advantages and disadvantages; aesthetic considerations; cost approximations; example installations, laboratory studies, or calculations by the authors; and references. Intended readers include professional designers, lessees and owners of commercial space, home buyers and owners, window component manufacturers, and researchers. The reports purpose is to draw attention to the wide range of options currently available to conserve energy with windows.

Download or read book The Facts of Light written by Texas Energy Extension Service and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Savings and Maintenance Optimization of Energy efficient Lighting Retrofit Projects Incorporating Lumen Degradation written by Alice Ikuzwe and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lighting retrofit method is adopted as one of the solutions to reduce lighting energy consumption and improve lighting quality in existing buildings. Lighting controls and energy-efficient light sources are used to achieve the goals of the lighting retrofit. Nowadays, Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are replacing traditional lighting technology owing to their high efficiency and longevity. One of the advantages of LEDs is the controllability function, which allows users to set the light level according to their preferences. This saves more energy and satisfies users' lighting needs. However, over time, the performance of lighting retrofit projects deteriorates subject to failure of the retrofitted lights. Therefore, to maintain the performance of lighting retrofit projects, maintenance must be planned and performed. The impacts of the users' lighting level requirements on LEDs' life characteristics and lighting system performance are investigated by using lighting controls. Light and occupancy sensors adjust artificial light to the light level required by users and detect the presence of users in the zones, respectively. Light sensors measure the average illuminance in the zones. The measured illuminance is compared to the usersa̲2́Ơ4́Ø set illuminance; if the measured illuminance is higher than the usersa̲2́Ơ4́Ø set illuminance, lamps are dimmed to meet usersa̲2́Ơ4́Ø lighting preference, when the measured illuminance is less than the users set illuminance, lamps in the zone are replaced by new ones. The dimming level in each zone at each sampling interval is used to estimate the operating junction temperature, thereafter the degradation rate and luminous flux are calculated. Light levels at workspace are modelled using the lumen method. This model helps to quantify energy savings and predict when lamps will fail to deliver the required light levels. In existing studies, users' lighting level requirements are neglected when investigating the lifetime of the lighting system; however, users' profile and driving schemes affect the operating conditions of a lighting system. From the simulation results, it is noted that lumen output degradation increases when the user's set illuminance is above the illuminance required under normal operating conditions and decreases when the user's set illuminance is below the illuminance required under normal operating conditions. Increased lumen output degradation shortens the lifetime of LEDs and reduces energy savings, while decreased lumen output degradation extends the lifetime and increases energy savings. Generally, lighting retrofit projects contain a large lighting population; investigating when each lamp will fail can be time-consuming and costly. In this research, a mathematical model is formulated to model LEDs' failure by analysing the statistical properties of the lumen degradation rates. Based on the statistical properties of the degradation rates, the cumulative probability of failure distribution and the survival function are modelled. The formulated survival function is incorporated into the lighting maintenance optimization problem to balance energy savings and maintenance costs. A case study carried out shows that, in 10 years, the optimal lighting maintenance plan would save up to 59% of lighting energy consumption with acceptable maintenance costs. It is found that the proposed maintenance plan is more cost-effective than full maintenance. It is concluded that lumen degradation failure should be considered when investigating the performance of lighting retrofit projects, as this may not only affect energy savings but also reduce the level of illumination, which can cause visual discomfort. The initial investment costs of LEDs are still a barrier to the implementation of LED lighting systems in residential buildings. Energy-efficiency projects often face hurdles to access capital investments because decision-makers and funders do not have enough information about operational savings the project can provide and specific financial requirements applied to efficiency investment. In this research, an optimization model is formulated to give decision-makers and funders detailed information about the performance and operational savings that a LED lighting retrofit project can offer and its economic viability. The lumen degradation failure model developed is used to monitor and estimate the energy savings, and the optimal maintenance plan is scheduled to replace failed lamps. In the existing studies, the economic analysis of the lighting retrofit projects is assessed based on lighting population decay due to burnout failure while in this research economic analysis is assessed by considering the lumen degradation failure. The case study results show that the substitution of halogen light bulbs with LED light bulbs could save up to 291.4 GWh of energy consumption, and reduce 273:92 103 tons of CO2 emissions over 10-year period. The optimization model formulated is effective to help the decision-makers and funders to quantify the savings and assess the economic viability of the LED lighting retroiÌ8nÌ+ A̷t project. This optimization model can help the decision-makers and funders to make an informed decision.

Download or read book Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Three Retrofitted Energy Conserving Technologies in Florida written by Ronald Douglas Barlow and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Robotics written by Bruno Siciliano and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 2259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this handbook provides a state-of-the-art overview on the various aspects in the rapidly developing field of robotics. Reaching for the human frontier, robotics is vigorously engaged in the growing challenges of new emerging domains. Interacting, exploring, and working with humans, the new generation of robots will increasingly touch people and their lives. The credible prospect of practical robots among humans is the result of the scientific endeavour of a half a century of robotic developments that established robotics as a modern scientific discipline. The ongoing vibrant expansion and strong growth of the field during the last decade has fueled this second edition of the Springer Handbook of Robotics. The first edition of the handbook soon became a landmark in robotics publishing and won the American Association of Publishers PROSE Award for Excellence in Physical Sciences & Mathematics as well as the organization’s Award for Engineering & Technology. The second edition of the handbook, edited by two internationally renowned scientists with the support of an outstanding team of seven part editors and more than 200 authors, continues to be an authoritative reference for robotics researchers, newcomers to the field, and scholars from related disciplines. The contents have been restructured to achieve four main objectives: the enlargement of foundational topics for robotics, the enlightenment of design of various types of robotic systems, the extension of the treatment on robots moving in the environment, and the enrichment of advanced robotics applications. Further to an extensive update, fifteen new chapters have been introduced on emerging topics, and a new generation of authors have joined the handbook’s team. A novel addition to the second edition is a comprehensive collection of multimedia references to more than 700 videos, which bring valuable insight into the contents. The videos can be viewed directly augmented into the text with a smartphone or tablet using a unique and specially designed app. Springer Handbook of Robotics Multimedia Extension Portal: http://handbookofrobotics.org/

Download or read book Principles of Environmental Physics written by John Monteith and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1990-02-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and up-dated edition of a highly successful textbook.

Download or read book Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1973 and 2016, the ways to manipulate DNA to endow new characteristics in an organism (that is, biotechnology) have advanced, enabling the development of products that were not previously possible. What will the likely future products of biotechnology be over the next 5â€"10 years? What scientific capabilities, tools, and/or expertise may be needed by the regulatory agencies to ensure they make efficient and sound evaluations of the likely future products of biotechnology? Preparing for Future Products of Biotechnology analyzes the future landscape of biotechnology products and seeks to inform forthcoming policy making. This report identifies potential new risks and frameworks for risk assessment and areas in which the risks or lack of risks relating to the products of biotechnology are well understood.