Download or read book An Investigation of Topographic Effects in the General Circulation of the Atmosphere written by Charles Elm Reeve and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Force Research Resum s written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rotating Hydraulics written by Lawrence L.J. Pratt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-26 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book thoroughly covers the development of the theory of rotating hydraulics, making frequent use of supporting laboratory models and observational data. The need to understand rotating hydraulic phenomena is growing as general interest in climate and global circulation is continuously increasing. The book details cutting-edge research and includes many exercises.
Download or read book A Numerical Experiment on the Processes of Topographic Perturbations in a Baroclinic Atmosphere written by Zhu Yong-Ti and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a numerical calculation by means of a three-level model of the distribution of zonal circulation of an ideal field under the influence of the processes of topographic perturbations for a time interval of 60 hours. The results reveal that the influence of topographic perturbations is characterized by a distinct time lag (it takes some 48 hours for the processes to attain a relatively stable state). On the other hand, the difluence of the banded flow around the Tibetan Plateau ('detouring' phenomenon) is significantly reflected in the calculated results. In the northern hemisphere, the positions of troughs and ridges induced by topography are basically concordant with those determined from the mean circulation pattern. This shows that realistic and appropriate boundary conditions have been included in the present study.
Download or read book Impact of Topographic Circulations on the Transport and Dispersion of Air Pollutants written by Richard T. McNider and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.
Download or read book U S Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere written by Jacob Bjerknes and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Earth s Middle Atmosphere written by W. L. Grose and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's Middle Atmosphere covers the Proceedings of Symposium C2 and the Topical Meetings of the COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commissions A and C (Meetings A7 and C4) of the COSPAR 29th Plenary Meeting held in Washington, DC, USA, on August 28-September 5, 1992. The first part covers the impact of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) observations on middle atmosphere science. This topic includes the early results of the validation and the application of the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) data, which is an instrumental approach to the measurement of thermal infrared spectral emission from the atmospheric limb. An overview of the Halogen Occultation Experiment and the use of the UARS data in the NOAA stratospheric monitoring are also discussed in this part. It also includes the observed solar UV irradiance variations of importance to middle atmosphere energetic and photochemistry, as well as the stratospheric and mesospheric observations with the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder. The second part of the book tackles the energetics and chemistry of the middle atmosphere as well as the dynamics and coupling of the middle atmosphere to regions above and below. Results on the validation of the UARS wind and temperature measurements at and above the mesopause comprise the third part of this book. This book will be a great value to geophysicists and atmospheric scientists.
Download or read book Meteorology at the Millennium written by Robert P. Pearce and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-02-22 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meteorology at the Millennium details recent advances in meteorology and explores its interfaces with science, technology, and society. Ways in which modern meteorology is contributing to the developments in other sciences are described, as well as how atmospheric scientists are learning from colleagues in related disciplines.Meteorology at the Millennium will serve as a point of reference for students and researchers of meteorology and climatology for many years to come.The areas covered include weather prediction at the millennium, climate variability and change, atmosphere-ocean coupling, the biogeochemical system, weather on other planets.This book is a compilation of the best invited papers presented at a conference celebrating the 150 years of the Royal Meteorological Society (RMS).
Download or read book Topographic Effects in Stratified Flows written by Peter G. Baines and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the nature of density-stratified flow over and around topography, including applications to the flow of the atmosphere and ocean.
Download or read book A Numerical Study of Topographical Effects on Flow Regimes in the Lower Atmosphere written by John David Lindeman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Orographically generated gravity waves, or mountain waves, have been the focus of much research for decades because of their importance on the general mean atmospheric circulation. These waves affect the flow on scales which are too small to be resolved by global weather and climate models, and so their impact on the larger scale flow must be parameterized. Linear theory has proven useful for obtaining a quantitative understanding of wave processes and their effects on the background flow, though one must assume that the low level flow in mountainous regions is approximately linear. Numerical simulations and field experiments indicate that this is often not the case, however, as nonlinear effects can dominate the flow near the orography. These nonlinear effects, which include processes such as flow splitting around a mountain or upstream blocking of the flow, affect gravity wave generation and decrease the accuracy of predictions based on linear theory. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the extent that linear theory-based mountain wave predictions can be improved by using an alternative initialization scheme. Linear orographic gravity wave models traditionally have been initialized at the lower boundary assuming the orography is equivalent to the surface vertical displacement field. While this method works when wave-induced perturbations are small compared to the mean flow, this has been shown to fail in weak flow regimes and tall mountains. We introduce an initialization technique where the linear model is initialized on a horizontal plane with results from a corresponding simulation from a nonlinear numerical model. The height level of initialization must be in a region in which the flow can be approximated by linear theory, and in practice this occurs above the low level nonlinear processes in the vicinity of the mountain. We show that this method leads to greater accuracy in the solutions of the wavefield above the orography. This new method is tested for flow regimes of uniform background wind and stability, and for simple bell shaped hills and more complex and realistic orography. Parameters derived from linear theory which are useful for global weather models are shown to be significantly affected by the new initialization scheme. These results have the potential to quantitatively improve global weather model mountain wave parameterization schemes in the relatively common instance of orographically-induced nonlinear flows, as well as to provide quick and accurate forecasts of wave activity for the aviation community.
Download or read book The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions written by Miguel A. C. Teixeira and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountainous regions occupy a significant fraction of the Earth's continents and are characterized by specific meteorological phenomena operating on a wide range of scales. Being a home to large human populations, the impact of mountains on weather and hydrology has significant practical consequences. Mountains modulate the climate and create micro-climates, induce different types of thermally and dynamically driven circulations, generate atmospheric waves of various scales (known as mountain waves), and affect the boundary layer characteristics and the dispersion of pollutants. At the local scale, strong downslope winds linked with mountain waves (such as the Foehn and Bora) can cause severe damage. Mountain wave breaking in the high atmosphere is a source of Clear Air Turbulence, and lee wave rotors are a major near-surface aviation hazard. Mountains also act to block strongly stratified air layers, leading to the formation of valley cold air-pools (with implications for road safety, pollution, crop damage, etc.) and gap flows. Presently, neither the fine-scale structure of orographic precipitation nor the initiation of deep convection by mountainous terrain can be resolved adequately by regional-to global-scale models, requiring appropriate downscaling or parameterization. Additionally, the shortest mountain waves need to be parameterized in global weather and climate prediction models, because they exert a drag on the atmosphere. This drag not only decelerates the global atmospheric circulation, but also affects temperatures in the polar stratosphere, which control ozone depletion. It is likely that both mountain wave drag and orographic precipitation lead to non-trivial feedbacks in climate change scenarios. Measurement campaigns such as MAP, T-REX, Materhorn, COLPEX and i-Box provided a wealth of mountain meteorology field data, which is only starting to be explored. Recent advances in computing power allow numerical simulations of unprecedented resolution, e.g. LES modelling of rotors, mountain wave turbulence, and boundary layers in mountainous regions. This will lead to important advances in understanding these phenomena, as well as mixing and pollutant dispersion over complex terrain, or the onset and breakdown of cold air pools. On the other hand, recent analyses of global circulation biases point towards missing drag, especially in the southern hemisphere, which may be due to processes currently neglected in parameterizations. A better understanding of flow over orography is also crucial for a better management of wind power and a more effective use of data assimilation over complex terrain. This Research Topic includes contributions that aim to shed light on a number of these issues, using theory, numerical modelling, field measurements, and laboratory experiments.
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews all aspects of Mars atmospheric science from the surface to space, and from now and into the past.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics written by Geoffrey K. Vallis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-06 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid dynamics is fundamental to our understanding of the atmosphere and oceans. Although many of the same principles of fluid dynamics apply to both the atmosphere and oceans, textbooks tend to concentrate on the atmosphere, the ocean, or the theory of geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD). This textbook provides a comprehensive unified treatment of atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics. The book introduces the fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics, including rotation and stratification, vorticity and potential vorticity, and scaling and approximations. It discusses baroclinic and barotropic instabilities, wave-mean flow interactions and turbulence, and the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. Student problems and exercises are included at the end of each chapter. Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics: Fundamentals and Large-Scale Circulation will be an invaluable graduate textbook on advanced courses in GFD, meteorology, atmospheric science and oceanography, and an excellent review volume for researchers. Additional resources are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521849692.
