Download or read book AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF EXTREME LOW TEMPERATURES UPON COLD STARTING OF SPARK IGNITION ENGINES USING STANDARD GASOLINE written by REX HARRY WHITE (JR) and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Board of Regents written by University of Michigan. Board of Regents and published by UM Libraries. This book was released on 1951 with total page 1686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microfilm Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 1508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commencement Programs written by University of Michigan and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 1722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstracts of dissertations and monographs in microform.
Download or read book Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering Proceedings of the International Conference on Cbee 2009 written by Li Kai and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Held in Singapore from 9 to 11 October 2009, the 2009 International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (CBEE 2009) aims to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals from all over the world to present their research and development activities in chemical, biological and environmental engineering. Conference delegates will also have the opportunity to exchange new ideas and application experiences, establish business or research relations and find global partners for future collaboration. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: The Future of Biopharmaceutics'' Production (92 KB). Contents: Study on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Electronic Waste (J Sun et al.); Application of Noise Mapping on Environmental Management (K-T Tsai et al.); Characteristics and Transport Properties of Two Modified Zero Valent Iron (Y-H Lin et al.); Synthesis of Visible Light Active N-Doped Titania Photocatalyst (C Kusumawardani et al.); CFD-PBM Modeling of Vertical Bubbly Flows (M R Rahimi & H Karimi); Hydrotalcite-Like Synthesis Using Magnesium from Brine Water (E Heraldy et al.); Cement/Activated-Carbon Solidification/Stabilization Treatment of Nitrobenzene (Z Su et al.); Investigation of Fish Species Biodiversity in Haraz River (I Piri et al.); Risk Assessment of Fluoride in Indian Context (V Chaudhary & M Kumar); Light Transmission In Fluidized Bed (E Shahbazali et al.); Drying of Mushroom Using a Solar Tunnel Dryer (M A Basunia et al.); and other papers. Readership: Researchers, engineers, academicians and industrial professionals in related fields of chemical, biological and environmental engineering.
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Download or read book Technologies for Near Zero Emission Gasoline Powered Vehicles written by Fuquan Zhao and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2006-10-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Fuquan (Frank) Zhao and experts in the field address a broad spectrum of key research and development issues in the rapidly progressing area of near-zero-emission gasoline-powered vehicles. Written in response to the increasingly stringent emissions legislation, this book provides the reader with a concise introduction to technology developments in near-zero-emission gasoline-powered vehicles. The material reflects global technical initiatives within the automotive and research communities. In all, this book contains more than 450 pages, with nearly 200 descriptive diagrams and/or images. It will serve as a valuable desk reference and provide the basics for those who are interested in understanding this advancing technology.
Download or read book Emission Control and Fuel Economy written by John H Johnson and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2005-06-27 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emission and fuel economy regulations and standards are compelling manufacturers to build ultra-low emission vehicles. As a result, engineers must develop spark-ignition engines with integrated emission control systems that use reformulated low-sulfur fuel. Emission Control and Fuel Economy for Port and Direct Injected SI Engines is a collection of SAE technical papers that covers the fundamentals of gasoline direct injection (DI) engine emissions and fuel economy, design variable effects on HC emissions, and advanced emission control technology and modeling approaches. All papers contained in this book were selected by an accomplished expert as the best in the field; reprinted in their entirety, they present a pathway to integrated emission control systems that meet 2004-2009 EPA standards for light-duty vehicles.
Download or read book An Announcement of Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1995 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of the Interior and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies written by Vickey Kalaskar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation discusses the results from three different studies aimed at understanding the importance of fuel chemical structure during low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies, like homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC) employed in internal combustion (IC) engines wherein the focus is on high octane fuels. Boosted intake air operation combined with exhaust gas recirculation, internal as well as external, has become a standard path for expanding the load limits of IC engines employing LTC strategies mentioned above as well as conventional diesel and spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the effects of fuel compositional variation have not been fully explored. The first study focusses on three different fuels, where each of them were evaluated using a single cylinder boosted HCCI engine using negative valve overlap. The three fuels investigated were: a regular grade gasoline (RON = 90.2), 30% ethanol-gasoline blend (E30, RON = 100.3), and 24% iso-butanol-gasoline blend (IB24, RON = 96.6). Detailed sweeps of intake manifold pressure (atmospheric to 250 kPaa), EGR (0 -- 25% EGR), and injection timing were conducted to identify fuel-specific effects. While significant fuel compositional differences existed, the results showed that all these fuels achieved comparable operation with minor changes in operational conditions. Further, it was shown that the available enthalpy from the exhaust would not be sufficient to satisfy the boost requirements at higher load operation by doing an analysis of the required turbocharger efficiency. While the first study concentrated on load expansion of HCCI, it is important to mention that controlling LTC strategies is difficult under low load or idle operating conditions. To ensure stable operation, fuel injection in the negative valve overlap (NVO) is used as one of method of achieving combustion control. However the combustion chemistry under high temperature and fuel rich conditions that exist during the NVO have not been previously explored. The second study focused on examining the products of fuel rich chemistry as a result of fuel injection in the NVO. In this study, a unique six stroke cycle was used to segregate the exhaust from the NVO and to study the chemistry of the range of fuels injected during NVO under low oxygen conditions. The fuels investigated were methanol, ethanol, iso-butanol, and iso-octane. It was observed that the products of reactions under NVO conditions were highly dependent on the injected fuel's structure with iso-octane producing less than 1.5% hydrogen and methanol producing more than 8%. However a weak dependence was observed on NVO duration and initial temperature, indicating that NVO reforming was kinetically limited. Finally, the experimental trends were compared with CHEMKIN (single zone, 0-D model) predictions using multiple kinetic mechanism that were readily available through literature. Due to the simplicity of the model and inadequate information on the fuel injection process, the experimental data was not modeled well with the mechanisms tested. Some of the shortcomings of the 0-D model were probably due to the model ignoring temperature and composition spatial inhomogeneities and evaporative cooling from fuel vaporization.Though the results from the NVO injection and boosted NVO-HCCI studies are enlightening, the fundamentals of the autoignition behavior of gasoline, alcohols, and their mixtures are not entirely understood despite the interest in high octane fuels in compression engines from a point of view of better thermal efficiency. The third study focused on higher octane blends consisting of binary and ternary mixtures of n-heptane and/or iso-octane, and a fuel of interest. These fuels of interest were toluene, ethanol, and iso-butanol. In this study, the autoignition of such blends is studied under lean conditions ([phi] = 0.25) with varying intake pressure (atmospheric to 3 bar, abs) and at a constant intake temperature of 155 °C. The blends consisted of varying percentages of fuels of interest and their research octane number (RON) approximately estimated at 100 and 80. For comparison, neat iso-octane was selected as RON 100 fuel and PRF 80 blend was selected as RON 80 fuel. It was observed that the blends with a higher percentage of n-heptane showed a stronger tendency to autoignite at lower intake pressures. However, as the intake pressure was increased, the non-reactive components, in this case, the higher octane blend components (toluene, ethanol, and iso-butanol), reduced this tendency subsequently delaying the critical compression ratio (CCR) of the blends. The heat release analysis revealed that the higher octane components in the blends reduced the low temperature reactivity of n-heptane and iso-octane. GC-MS and GC-FID analysis of the partially compressed fuel also indicated that the higher octane components did affect the conversion of the more reactive components, n-heptane and iso-octane, into their partially oxidized branched hydrocarbons in the binary/ternary blends, and reduced the overall reactivity which resulted in a delayed CCR at higher intake pressures.
Download or read book Advanced Developments in Ultra Clean Gasoline Powered Vehicles written by Fuquan Zhao and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2004-03-08 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last several years, significant efforts have been directed toward the development of ultra-clean, gasoline-powered vehicles in the automotive industry. With the coming of increasingly stringent emissions legislation, this development is more critical now than ever before. This has lead to an increase in the technical information available. Advanced Developments in Ultra-Clean Gasoline-Powered Vehicles provides the reader with technical information including a description of fundamental processes, insight on technical issues, key trends, and future R&D directions.
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 1998-05-11 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
