Download or read book An Investigation of the Effect of Tin on Zirconium Alloy Oxide Morphology written by Jessica Gee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study aims to investigate oxide formation in zirconium-tin binary alloys as compared to pure zirconium corroded in an oxygen environment. An analysis of oxide morphology with a focus on the metal-oxide interface is meant to establish the influence of tin content on the formation of instabilities in zirconium oxide, leading to breakaway corrosion. The oxide formed on three alloys of varying tin content are compared with those formed on zirconium crystal bar and zirconium sponge to characterize the role tin plays in altering the formation of oxide in these metals. Optical microscopy as well as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging are used to observe the cross-sectional oxide growth. Increasing tin content increases the oxide thickness. The comparison between these alloys allows for the examination of stable, unstable, and breakaway oxide behavior. Preferential oxide growth occurs at grain boundaries, and develops into instabilities that permeate into grains within the metal. Breakaway behavior causes a dramatic increase in oxidation rate.

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NSA is a comprehensive collection of international nuclear science and technology literature for the period 1948 through 1976, pre-dating the prestigious INIS database, which began in 1970. NSA existed as a printed product (Volumes 1-33) initially, created by DOE's predecessor, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). NSA includes citations to scientific and technical reports from the AEC, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and its contractors, plus other agencies and international organizations, universities, and industrial and research organizations. References to books, conference proceedings, papers, patents, dissertations, engineering drawings, and journal articles from worldwide sources are also included. Abstracts and full text are provided if available.

Download or read book Alloying Effect of Niobium and Tin on the Zirconium Alloy Fuel Cladding Behavior at High Temperature Oxidation in Steam written by Andrey Malgin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the materials for fuel claddings for water-cooled reactors, binary and multicomponent zirconium alloys zirconium-niobium (Zr-Nb) (E110, M5), zirconium-tin-iron (Zr-Sn-Fe) (Zircaloy-2,-4), and zirconium-niobium-tin-iron (Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe) (E635, ZIRLO®) most commonly are used. Improvement extends, in particular, by varying their composition by niobium, tin, and iron. At the same time, importance is given to ensuring the safe operation of the fuel rods not only in normal conditions but also in emergency situations such as a loss of coolant accident. In this paper, we present the research results of studies of the influence of alloying elements niobium, tin, and iron on corrosion resistance and embrittlement at high-temperature steam oxidation of fuel claddings based on the alloy types Zr-xNb (x = 1.0 ÷ 2.5) and Zr-xNb-ySn-zFe (x = 0.6 ÷ 2.4; y = 0.24 ÷ 1.1; z = 0.18 ÷ 0.34) made by using zirconium sponge. We conducted high-temperature steam oxidation tests at temperatures of 1,000°C, 1,100°C, and 1,200°C with continuous measurement of the weight gain during the experiment and subsequent cooling in steam with rate ~20°C/s. We conducted studies of kinetics of high-temperature oxidation in steam, structural-phase state changes, alloying elements distribution, absorbed hydrogen content, and residual ductility after rapid cooling of the oxidized specimens. We revealed the difference in the oxidation kinetics of the materials studied, which decreased as the oxidation temperature increased. Likewise, an increase of the tin content in the alloy influenced a specimen's breakaway oxidation intensification at 1,000°C. This shows that the mechanical properties of fuel claddings oxidized under the same conditions depend on their alloying composition, and the hydrogen fraction is absorbed by the specimen and formed by the oxidation of ZrO2, ?-Zr(O), and ex-? layer structures, which in turn varies depending on the alloy composition. The increase of niobium, tin, and iron content in the zirconium alloy leads to a decrease in the residual ductility of fuel claddings after high-temperature steam oxidation. According to obtained results, among the materials studied, Zr-1.0Nb alloy is the most resistant to embrittlement during high-temperature steam oxidation at temperatures of 1,000-1,200°C.

Download or read book Dilatometric Studies of Zirconium and Zirconium tin Alloys Between 25 and 1100 C written by R. W. Balluffi and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Thermal Analysis of Zirconium Tin Alloys written by L. L. Wyman and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Importance of Oxide Morphology for the Oxidation Rate of Zirconium Alloys written by E. Ahlberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oxide growth rate of zirconium alloys, e.g., Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4, has been proposed to be controlled mainly by the transformation of the zirconium oxide from tetragonal to monoclinic structure at some distance from the metal-oxide interface, leading to cracking. This oxide growth rate model is inconsistent with our results. Zirconium alloys of varying chemical composition but with identical manufacturing process had markedly different oxide growth and hydriding properties in autoclave testing (400°C steam). The materials were characterized by several methods, e.g., electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical impedance (EIS). The SEM and some of the XRD investigations of the oxide were performed on the metal-oxide interface after dissolution of the metal. The oxide growth developed through three different stages with an altered oxide morphology at the metaloxide interface at each stage. The developments of the stages were correlated with the oxide growth rate. Impedance measurements suggested that the oxide film had three layers, the outermost being extensively porous. Relaxation of the oxide film stress showed that the compressive stress in the oxide was not essential for retention of a significant amount of the tetragonal phase.

Download or read book Oxidation of Zirconium and Zirconium Alloys in Liquid Sodium written by T. L. Mackay and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Summaries of the UDAEC Basic Research Programs in Metallurgy Solid State Physics and Ceramics written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metals Abstracts Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigating the Effect of Oxide Texture on the Corrosion Performance of Zirconium Alloys written by Alistair John Garner and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gases and Carbon in Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by W. H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 24 (thesis year 1979) a total of 10,033 theses titles from 26 Canadian and 215 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 24 reports these submitted in 1979, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.