Download or read book An Investigation of Polyion Small Ion Electrostatic Interaction Effects in Polyelectrolyte Solutions written by Donald Louis Ermak and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Improved Form for the Electrostatic Interactions of Polyelectrolytes in Solution and Its Implications for the Analysis of QELSS Experiments in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide written by Nicholas V. Sushkin and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 1997-11 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrostatic interaction between two charged spheres in the presence of a screening electrolyte is calculated at the level of the linearized Debye-Hückel theory. The calculation is performed analytically as a multipole expansion by applying two-center spherical harmonic expansions and symbolic manipulation methods. I focus on charge-charge and charge-induced dipole interactions, calculated for two spheres of possibly unequal size. The former interaction is given to good approximation by the familiar Debye-Hückel form q1q2exp[-k(R-2a)]/[(epsilon*r(1]ka)^2]. The new results are the charge-induced dipole interactions. Physically, these terms arise from two sources: (i) surface polarization charge at the surface of each sphere, and (ii) exclusion of the counterion cloud of each sphere from the volume occupied by the other sphere. With parameters appropriate for micelles, the charge-induced dipole interactions dominate the charge-charge interaction at small separations. Quasi-elastic light scattering measurements of the diffusion of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles in aqueous solutions, and the diffusion of mesoscopic optical probes through the same solutions, were carried out at 35°C and multiple solvent ionic strengths. Assuming a spherical micelle, I deduced the micelle radius, aggregation number, charge, and hydration from nonlinear least-squares fits to both probe and mutual diffusion data. For SDS micelles the charge that I find is lower than reported in the literature [Hayter, J. B.; Penfold, J. Colloid & Polymer Science 1983, 261, 1022; Triolo, R.; Caponetti, E.; Graziano, V. J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 5743.] because I used an improved functional form of the micellar electrostatic interaction. I find a smaller aggregation number and a larger micellar hydration than literature values. My analysis of CTAB data implies extensive micellar growth, and failure of the spherical micelle assumption.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Influence of Small Ions on Composition and Viscoelasticity of Polyelectrolyte Complexes written by Vaqar Mustafa Shah Syed and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The addition of salt speeds up chain relaxation dynamics in polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), and time-salt superposition (TSS) approaches to describe the linear viscoelastic response of PECs are well-established. However, TSS is carried out at fixed initial polyelectrolyte concentrations, and varying the initial polyelectrolyte concentration results in distinct TSS master curves. In this thesis, we show that accounting for the small ions that accompany the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte chains (designated as accompanying counterions) enables assimilation of these distinct TSS master curves into a single universal master curve. This approach, that we christen as time-ionic strength superposition (TISS), enables a unified description of the PEC viscoelastic response in terms of the solution ionic strength, that accounts for both the accompanying counterions and the added ions, and underlines the dynamic similarities between PECs and semi-dilute polymer solutions. The sticky electrostatic associations among the oppositely charged chains, however, contribute additional relaxation modes in the PECs. We demonstrate that the timescales of these additional relaxation modes are described quantitatively by a modified sticky Rouse model that accounts for the influence of solution ionic strength on the electrostatic screening and chain friction. We then investigate the effect of the cationic valency of the added salt on the composition and rheology of the PECs. A stronger screening of electrostatic interactions is observed with increasing cation valency, leading to higher concentrations of polyelectrolytes in the supernatant phase and lower concentrations in the complex phase. In addition, electrostatic bridging of the polyanion chains by the multivalent cation alters the chain relaxation process in PECs by competing with the electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged chains, resulting in non-monotonic variations of PEC moduli with increasing ionic strength of the solution.

Download or read book Polyelectrolytes written by E. Sélégny and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a number of articles inspired by the NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'Charged and Reactive Polymers l' held in France in June 1972. This general title indicates simply the intention of a series. The meeting dealt mainly with the fundamental problems of the physical chemistry of polyelectrolytes in solution. Some of the articles reproduce the lectures exactly as they were delivered. Some others have been modified to a greater or lesser extent, and this as a result of improvements or new inspiration arising from comments and discussions. In previous larger conferences on macromolecules, polyelectrolytes constituted only a marginal problem and few were the individual communications or short was the time al10tted to this subject. In other meetings of a biophysical character the uses of the techniques of charged macromolecules have been exposed with less attention given to the theories or to the creation or interpretation of these techniques. AU of us felt that the time had come to enumerate and to evaluate this increasing science of polyelectrolytes which has become of major interest. During the whole period of the Institute physical chemists discussed their mutual problems for more than a week, and of ten far into the night! One of the advantages of such an Institute is to enable the Directors and the mem bers of the Scientific Committee to establish a logical order in the lectures; this order has been respected in the present edition.

Download or read book Investigation of the General Properties of Some Polyelectrolyte Complexes written by Nermin Acar and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyelectrolyte complexes, also called interpolymer complexes, are new class of chemically distinct and identifiable compounds. They are formed by polyelectrolytes that are macromolecules carrying a relatively large number of functional groups, orunder suitable conditions can become charged. Polyelectrolytes interact with various low and high molecular weight substances and form interpolymer complexes. These complexes are either separated from the solution as solids (polycomplex salt) or may settle as a polyelectrolyte complex gel, and they can be soluble in solution by controlling experimental factors. They are, in general, obtained in either case, by mixing polyelectrolytes solution, and by matrix polymerization. Significant differences might exist between the chemical, thermal and mechanical properties ofinterpolymer complexes with respect to their components and experimental conditions. All biological macromolecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides are polyelectrolytes and interact with each other and small ions during their biological function. Their electrostatic interactions contribute a significant part of the structural stabilization of biological molecules and they are major determinants for the kinetics of biological process. Considering all these vital processes research on the polyelectrolyte complexes obtained by synthetic polyelectrolytes might be a simple model system for the complicated biopolymer reactions. Studying the special properties of polycomplex formation between synthetic polyelectrolytes and low molecular weight compounds can be useful for understanding the nature of protein-lipid interaction in biomembranes or in the mechanism of protein denaturation. On the other hand, polyelectrolyte complexes are very promising materials for semi-permeable membranes for the industrial applications such as desalting of sea water, ultrafiltration and purification of aqueous solution and also for ultrafiltration of biological liquids.With all the above given respects, numerous studies have been made successively onvarious polyelectrolyte complexes in the last two decades. However very few studies have been reported on the interaction between some certain polyphosphates andvinylpyridine polymers. One of a few studies with poly(phosphate) has been given by N.Acar and T.Tulun on the interaction of poly(sodiumphosphate) (PSP) andpoly(4-vinylpyridiniumchloride) (P4VPHCl). The present study was aimed to investigate the interaction between poly(sodiumphosphate) and poly(4-vinylpyridiniumchloride) with 4-amino benzoic acid (low molecular weight compound) individually as well as the detailed continuation of the previous work which dealt with the polyelectrolyte complex formed by PSP and P4VPHCl.Poly(sodium phosphate) is interesting because it is an inorganic polymer and, rather unusually it is one of the few anionic polymers of the integral type. Actually polyphosphates are somewhat analogous to the nucleic acids. Vinylpyridine polymers have particular importance as polyelectrolytes and have great ability to develop interpolymer complexes with polyacids.The present study aims to form polyelectrolyte model complexes similar to or mimicking biologically active compounds and, thus, to understand the operating mechanism of biopolymers in living organisms through the investigation of the structure and various features of these model complexes. In the experimental part of the study, insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes were obtained from the both, concentrated and dilute solutions of PSP and P4VPHCl. Stoichiometry of the isolated complexes were found to be 1:1 as a result of analysis of the supernatant liquid in conjunction with concentration of the initial components.In the dilute aqueous solution, occurrence of polyelectrolyte complex was proved by UV spectroscopy. Salt effect of NaCl, the effect of NaCl on complex formation andthermal properties of complexes were investigated.Regarding the reaction of PSP with 4-amino benzoic acid, hydrochloride (PABCl),the stoichiometry of complex was found as 1:1.2 using viscometric and volumetricanalysis of the supernatant. Besides, spectroscopic and conductometric methods were used for the complex stoichiometry. The experimental factors such as pH,ionic strength and temperature that affect the stoichiometry of complex were investigated.In the case of the poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) with 4-aminobenzoic acid, IR spectroscopy , potentiometry and DSC were used and the nature of binding between the components was identified as hydrogen bonding.It is known that transition metals take part in the biochemical process. In the present study, interaction of copper (II) with P4VP- PABA complex system is of interest. Potentiometric method was used to follow the above stated interaction in aqueousethanol solution for P4VP-PABA system. Protonation and the stability constants ofP4VP-PABA system were determined.Swelling properties of polyelectrolyte systems have been studied largely due to their industrial uses. In order to investigate the swelling properties of P4VPHCl-PSP system, PSP and P4VP that is the initial component of polycation were subjected to irradiation for six different radiation doses to obtain cross linked structure. It is found that radiation has no affect on PSP.After irradiation the insoluble, the gel, parts were determined by soxhlet extraction and UV spectroscopy. Up to certain dose the gelpercent of P4VP samples increased, and thereafter remained unchanged. From the relation between gel fraction and radiation dose, the efficiency of crosslinking and of scission were determined. Irradiated P4VP that contained only gel part was quaternized to obtain waterswellable P4VPHCl gel. The interaction of P4VPHCl gel with the aqueous solution of PSP was investigated considering ionic strength and pH.

Download or read book Polyelectrolyte Solutions written by Stuart Alan Rice and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Strongly Interacting Colloids and Supramolecular Aggregates in Solution written by Sow-Hsin Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade, various powerful experimental tools have been developed, such as small angle X-ray and neutron scattering, X-ray and neutron reflection from interfaces, neutron spin-echo spectroscopy and quasi-elastic multiple light scattering and large scale computer simulations. Due to the rapid progress brought about by these techniques, one witnesses a resurgence of interest in the physicochemical properties of colloids, surfactants and macromolecules in solution. Although these disciplines have a long history, they are at present rapidly transforming into a new, interdisciplinary research area generally known as complex liquids or soft condensed matter physics: names that reflect the considerable involvement of the chemical and condensed matter physicists. This book is based on lectures given at a NATO ASI held in the summer of 1991 and discusses these new developments, both in theory and experiment. It constitutes the most up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the entire field.

Download or read book Physical Chemistry of Polyelectrolyte Solutions Volume 158 written by Mitsuru Nagasawa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-09 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics field with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. This volume explores topics from Thermodynamic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Solutions to ion-binding of polyelectrolytes. The book features: The only series of volumes available that presents the cutting edge of research in chemical physics Contributions from experts in this field of research Representative cross-section of research that questions established thinking on chemical solutions An editorial framework that makes the book an excellent supplement to an advanced graduate class in physical chemistry or chemical physics

Download or read book Monte Carlo Studies of the Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Solutions written by Pamela Ann Mills and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polyelectrolytes written by Masanori Hara and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-11-12 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aims to provide in-depth coverage of recent advances in all important areas of polyelectrolyte research and applications. Topics covered in this text include scaling theory, dynamic light scattering, neutron scattering, biopolymers and ionomers.

Download or read book Polymer Science written by A. D. Jenkins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 913 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Science: A Materials Science Handbook, Volume 2 focuses on the chemical structures of polymers, as well as the processes of friction and wear, adhesion, radiation, spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The handbook first tackles the processes of adhesion and friction and wear, including factors affecting adhesion, theories of adhesion, and interfacial and cohesive failure. The book also reviews polymer solutions and fractionation, polyelectrolytes, and electrical properties of polymers. The publication takes a look at the dielectric properties of polymers and far infrared spectra of polymers. Discussions focus on the basic theory of dielectric behavior of small molecules; molecular theories of relaxation in polymers; dielectric behavior and relaxation of polymer solutions; theory of the absorption and dispersion of electromagnetic waves in condensed media; and absorption spectroscopy in the far infrared. The text also reviews nuclear magnetic resonance, radiation effects in polymers, and identification and analysis of plastic materials. The handbook is a dependable reference for readers interested in polymer science.