Download or read book An Investigation of Cold Startability of the Air Assisted Direct Injected Two stroke Spark ignited Engine Fueled with JP 5 written by Amit Israni and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Optical Investigation of the Cold Starting Characteristics of Alternate Fuel Sprays in a Spark assisted Direct Injection Diesel Engine Using High speed Photography written by Steven G. Fritz and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Visual Study of Cold Start Ignition Techniques for a Methanol Fueled Direct Injection Two stroke Diesel Engine written by Julian D. John and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Automotive Spark Ignited Direct Injection Gasoline Engines written by F. Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.

Download or read book Control Strategy for Hydrocarbon Emissions in Turbocharged Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines During Cold start written by Kevin David Cedrone and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasoline consumption and pollutant emissions from transportation are costly and have serious, demonstrated environmental and health impacts. Downsized, turbocharged direct-injection spark ignition (DISI) gasoline engines consume less fuel and achieve superior performance compared with conventional port fuel injected spark ignition (PFI-SI) engines. Although more efficient, turbocharged DISI engines have new emissions challenges during cold start. DISI fuel injection delivers more liquid fuel into the combustion chamber, increasing the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons. The turbocharger slows down activation (warm-up) of the catalytic exhaust after-treatment system. The objective of this research is to find a control strategy that: 1. Accelerates warm-up of the catalyst, and 2. Maintains low emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (UBHCs) during the catalyst warm-up process. This research includes a broad experimental survey of engine behaviour and emission response for a modern turbocharged DISI engine. The study focuses on the idle period during cold-start for which DISI engine emissions are worst. Engine experiments and simulations show that late and slow combustion lead to high exhaust gas temperatures and mass flow rate for fast warm-up. However, late and slow combustion increase the risk of partial-burn misfire. At the misfire limit for each parameter, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. Late ignition timing is the most effective way to increase exhaust enthalpy flow rate for fast catalyst warm-up. 2. By creating a favourable spatial fuel-air mixture stratification, split fuel injection can simultaneously retard and stabilize combustion to improve emissions and prevent partial-burn misfire. 3. Excessive trapped residuals from long valve overlap limit the potential for valve timing to reduce cold-start emissions. 4. Despite their more challenging evaporation characteristics, fuel blends with high ethanol content showed reasonable emissions behaviour and greater tolerance to late combustion than neat gasoline. 5. Higher exhaust back-pressure leads to high exhaust temperature during the exhaust stroke, leading to significantly more post-flame oxidation. 6. Post-flame oxidation in the combustion chamber and exhaust system play a critical role in decreasing the quantity of catalyst-in emissions due to hydrocarbons that escape primary (flame) combustion. A cold start strategy combining late ignition, 15% excess air, and high exhaust backpressure yielded the lowest cumulative hydrocarbon emissions during cold start.

Download or read book A Simulation of Combustion of JP 8 and Gasoline in a Direct injected Spark ignited Two stroke Engine written by Ge Shen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Various Methods to Eliminate Engine Knock in a Direct injected Spark ignited Two stroke Engine written by David M. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study to Quantitatively Analyze Cold Start Emissions for a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine written by Jinghu Hu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gasoline direct injection (GDI) technology is a technology with which the gasoline is directly injected in the cylinder. GDI technology has been gaining popularity among vehicle manufacturers due to multiple advantages it presents compared with the port fuel injection technology, and has been widely implemented in the light-duty passenger vehicles on the US market. One weakness of the GDI engine is the excessive hydrocarbon (HC) emission during the cold start, where the engine speed, cylinder and piston top temperature and engine fuel rail pressure are all far from optimal. Given the more stringent Tier 3 HC emissions regulations enforced by United States Environmental Protection Agency and California Air Resources Board, a detailed research on the GDI engine cold start HC emissions was essential to facilitate the compliance with HC emission standards from the modern GDI engines. A novel experimental system was designed, prototyped and installed. The in-house instrumentation and control system was designed based on the National Instruments hardware and aimed to control the Ford 2.0 L GDI engine and realize the engine cold start using custom engine powertrain parameters. The novel gas collection and analysis system was designed and prototyped to allow a cycle-based emission analysis. The entire study was carried out using three steps. First, the validation experiment was conducted to validate whether the designed system hardware and software operated as desired, and to provide some basic qualitative understanding of the GDI engine cold start profiles. Second, the preliminary quantitative analysis was carried out using both gasoline and iso-pentane as fuel to further understand the contributing factors of the cold start HC emissions for GDI engines. In the final step, a parametric study, multiple parametric sweeps were carried out for various powertrain parameters to identify the quantitative effect of each parameter on the engine power output and emission performances respectively. The initial validation experiment results showed that the designed novel experimental system performed as expected, and that HC emissions actually decreased monotonically among the first five firing cycles of the cold start. The preliminary quantitative analysis revealed that for gasoline-fueled cold starts not all the injected fuel was collected in the exhaust gas. The non-collected fuel was potentially due to fuel wall wetting and piston top impingement, which could be the main reason for the HC emissions. The parametric study found that the main contributing factor of the HC emissions for the very first firing cycle was the injected fuel that did not evaporate in time for combustion but still in time for the emissions. The parametric study also found that the HC emissions increased with injected equivalence ratio. The change in fuel rail pressure had a complicated effect on the HC emissions at the first firing cycle. The increase in injection times, from 2 to 4 injections given the same amount of total injected fuel, did improve the fuel evaporation and combustion status, and led to higher power output and lower HC emissions given the same injected fuel mass. The study showed that the key to mitigate the HC emissions during the GDI engine cold start was improving the fuel evaporation and air-fuel profile, so as to minimize the fuel wall wetting and piston top impingement effect

Download or read book An Investigation of Fuel Injection with Spark Ignition on Two Cycle Engines written by Edwin D. Scutt and published by . This book was released on 1935 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF EXTREME LOW TEMPERATURES UPON COLD STARTING OF SPARK IGNITION ENGINES USING STANDARD GASOLINE written by REX HARRY WHITE (JR) and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book COLD START ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF A DIRECT INJECTION GASOLINE ENGINE written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : In this thesis, two different works related to cold start of a direct-injection (DI) gasoline engine are shown. First, effect of split injection is studied on engine exhaust temperature and hydrocarbon emissions for cold start conditions. Instead of single injection, two injections are done, one injection during the intake stroke and one injection during the compression stroke. Split injection is known to reduce jet wall wetting, thus reducing the hydrocarbon emissions from engine itself. Further, split injection reduces engine cycle-by-cycle variability with respect to the single injection case. Correlations between start of injection for the injection in the intake stroke (SOI), end of injection for the injection in the compression stroke (EOI) and Split Ratio (SR) with Exhaust Temperature (Texh) and engine hydrocarbon emissions are proposed with the help of design of experiments (DOE). These correlations could be used for controlling exhaust temperature during cold start. Second, because of repetitive marshalling of a vehicle, i.e. cold start the engine on the vehicle and drive it a few feet and then turn it off, spark plugs are observed to get fouled. A spark plug is considered to be fouled when the insulator nose becomes coated with a foreign substance including oil, fuel or carbon. This enables the ignition coil voltage to follow along the insulator nose and ground out rather than bridging gap and firing normally. A tool to measure quasi real-time spark plug fouling is proposed in this work, which uses in-cylinder ion data to measure offset voltage which is then used to calculate spark plug shunt resistance. Based on the spark plug shunt resistance, fouling level of the plug can be calculated, and the condition of the plug can be determined.

Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Direct Injection for Homogeneous and Fuel stratified Charge Compression Ignited Combustion Timing Control written by Craig David Marriott and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book End zone Water Injection as a Means of Suppressing Knock in a Spark ignition Engine written by Rinaldo J. Brun and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary: An investigation has been made of the effectiveness of water injection into the combustion end zone of a spark-ignition engine cylinder for the suppression of knock. Pressure-time recoreds obtained show that injection of water at 60° B.T.C. on the compression stroke at a water-fuel ratio of 0.3 rendered M-3 fuel as good as S-3 fuel from an antiknock consideration. The optimum crank angle for injection of water into the end zone was found to be critical. As the injection angle was increased beyond the optimum, the quantity of water required to suppress knock increased to 3.6 water-fuel ratio at 132° B.T.C. The water quantity could not be increased beyond 3.6 water-fuel ration because of injection-pump limitations; however, a further increase in the injection angle up to the earliest angle obtainable, which was 20° A.T.C. on the intake stroke, continuously increased the knock intensity. The engine operating conditions of the tests did not simulate those encountered in flight, especially with regard to the operating speed of 570 rpm. For this reason the results should only be regarded as of theoretical importance until further investigation has been made.

Download or read book An Investigation of Mixture Formation Processes in a Natural Gas Powered Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine written by Xinyi Liu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Numerical Study of Air fuel Mixing in Direct injection Spark ignition and Diesel Engines written by Zhiyu Han and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Comparative Study of Ignition Techniques for a Methanol Fueled Direct Injection Two stroke Diesel Engine Utilizing High Speed Photography written by Rudolf M. Smaling and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Gasoline Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines During Cold start written by Arun Cherumuttathu Ravindran and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing a profound understanding of the combustion characteristics of the cold-start phase of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engine is critical to meeting the increasingly stringent emissions regulations. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of gasoline DISI combustion under normal operating conditions has been discussed in detail using both the detailed chemistry approach and flamelet models (e.g., the G-Equation). However, there has been little discussion regarding the capability of the existing models to capture DISI combustion under cold-start conditions. Accurate predictions of cold-start behavior involves the efficient use of multiple models - spray modeling to capture the split injection strategies, models to capture the wall-film interactions, ignition modeling to capture the effects of retarded spark timings, combustion modeling to accurately capture the flame front propagation, and turbulence modeling to capture the effects of decaying turbulent kinetic energy. The retarded spark timing helps to generate high heat flux in the exhaust for a rapid catalyst light-off of the after-treatment system during cold-start. However, the adverse effect is a reduced turbulent flame speed due to decaying turbulent kinetic energy. Accordingly, developing an understanding of the turbulence-chemistry interactions is imperative for accurate modeling of combustion under cold-start conditions.This study introduces a modified version of the G-Equation combustion model called the GLR model (G-Equation for Lower Reynolds number regimes) that exhibits improved performance under cold-start conditions. The model attempts to estimate the turbulent flame speed based on the local conditions of fuel concentration and turbulence intensity. The local conditions and the associated turbulent-chemistry interactions are studied by tracking the flame front on the Borghi-Peters regime diagram. To accurately model the DISI combustion process, it is important to account for the effects of the spark energy discharge process. In this work, an ignition model is presented that is compatible with the G-Equation combustion model, and which accounts for the effects of plasma expansion and local mixture properties such as turbulence and the equivalence ratio on the early flame kernel growth. The model is referred to as the Plasma Velocity on G-Surface (PVG) model, and it uses the G-surface to capture the kernel growth. The model derives its theory from the DPIK model and applies its concepts onto an Eulerian framework, thereby removing the need for Lagrangian particles to track the kernel growth. Finally, a methodology of using machine learning (ML) techniques in combination with 3D CFD modeling to optimize the cold-start fast-idle phase of a DISI engine is presented. The optimization process implies the identification of the range of operating parameters, that will ensure the following criteria under cold-start conditions: (1) a fixed IMEP of 2 bar (BMEP of 0 bar), (2) a stoichiometric exhaust equivalence ratio (based on carbon-to-oxygen atoms) to ensure the efficient operation of the after-treatment system, (3) enough exhaust heat flux to ensure a rapid light-off of the after-treatment system, and (4) acceptable NOx and HC emissions. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)-based ML models are employed to make predictions about DISI cold-start behavior with acceptable accuracy and a substantially reduced computational time.