Download or read book An Interactive Activation Model of the Effect of Context in Perception written by James L. McClelland and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Interactive Activation Model of the Effect of Context in Perception Part I written by James L. McClelland and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Interactive Activation Model of the Effect of Context in Perception PartII written by University of California, San Diego. Center for Human Information Processing and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AN INTERACTIVE ACTIVATION MODEL OF CONTEXT EFFECTS IN LETTER PERCEPTION written by J.L. MCCLELLAND and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stochastic Interactive Activation and the Effect of Context on Perception written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classically, context exerts a biasing effect on perceptual identification responses given without time pressure. Such effects are well described by classical models formulated in terms of signal detection theory or Luce's theory of choice. The classical models do not describe the actual time course of processing, however; they simply produce characterizations of asymptotic response probabilities. In this article, mathematical analysis and computer simulation methods are used to show that interactive activation models exhibit the classical effect of context when they are allowed to run to equilibrium, if there is variability in the input to the network or if there is intrinsic randomness in the processing activity of the network itself. The findings suggest that interactive activation models should not be viewed as alternatives to classical accounts, but as hypotheses about the dynamics of information processing that lead to the asymptotic behavior that the classical models describe. (KR).
Download or read book Content Effects in Letter Perception A Comparison of Two Theories written by Howard B. Richman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to test whether EPAM (Elementary Perceiver and Memorizer) can explain context effects in letter recognition in the form of a computer program, has successfully explained many aspects of learning and perception in a range of task environments. In 1984, Barsalou and Bower claimed that EPAM could not explain the phenomena in the tachistoscopic perception experiments successfully simulated by the Interactive Activation Model (IAM) of word perception (McClelland & Rumelhart. 1981; Rumelhart & McClelland, 1982). In this study, using EPAM IV, a revision of the most recent version of EPAM, we show that the human data modeled by the IAM are at least as accurately simulated by EPAM. Close examination of the performance of the two programs shows that the fact that one (EPAM) processes perceptions serially, while the other (IAM) processes them in parallel, plays no essential role in producing the context effects that are observed. The main effects are produced, in both programs, by a feedback of information from word recognition to the process of recognizing letters. Keywords: Letter perception; Context effect; EPAM; Interactive activation model; Connectionism. (sdw).
Download or read book Cognitive Modeling written by Thad A. Polk and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to the computational modeling of human cognition.
Download or read book The Handbook of Psycholinguistic and Cognitive Processes written by Jackie Guendouzi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook includes an overview of those areas of cognition and language processing that are relevant to the field of communication disorders, and provides examples of theoretical approaches to problems and issues in communication disorders. The first section includes a collection of chapters that outline some of the basic considerations and areas of cognition and language that underlie communication processing; a second section explains and exemplifies some of the influential theories of psycholinguistic/cognitive processing; and the third section illustrates theoretical applications to clinical populations. There is coverage of theories that have been either seminal or controversial in the research of communication disorders. Given the increasing multi-cultural workload of many practitioners working with clinical populations, chapters relating to bilingual populations are also included. The volume book provides a single interdisciplinary source where researchers and students can access information on psycholinguistic and cognitive processing theories relevant to clinical populations. A range of theories, models, and perspectives are provided. The range of topics and issues illustrate the relevance of a dynamic interaction between theoretical and applied work, and retains the complexity of psycholinguistic and cognitive theory for readers (both researchers and graduate students) whose primary interest is the field of communication disorders.
Download or read book Interactive Processes in Reading written by Alan M. Lesgold and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1981, this volume is the edited proceedings of a conference held at the Learning Research and Development Center of the University of Pittsburgh in September 1979. The 15 chapters share a number of common issues. These include the role of contextual influences on lexical access, specific models of lexical access and word pronunciation, speech and visual processes in reading, the role of knowledge in comprehension, and sources of skill difference and skill development.
Download or read book Neuropsychological Studies of Nonfocal Brain Damage written by Harry Whitaker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In summary, considerable controversy and research have been generated from the automatic/effortful distinction. Hasher and Zacks (1979) initially stated that all manipulations (e. g., practice, individual differences such as age, orienting instructions) must produce null effects in order to satisfy the criteria that a process is "automatic. " However, Zacks et al. (1984) have more recently noted that automatic processes may range in degree from relative insensitivity to task and subject variables (e. g., frequency processing) to those that are more vulnera ble to disruptive effects (e. g., temporal processing). A review of the literature reveals that individuals are sensitive to frequency information even if manipUla tions alter the slope of the judgments. Perhaps the application of dual-task metho dology to the measurement of capacity demands will be useful in classifying processes along an attentional continuum. Moreover, there has been a tendency to dichotomize automatic/effortful processes rather than to characterize them as ranging from low to high attentional demands. Recent evidence (Maki & Ostby, 1987) suggests that attention may be important only in the initial (early) stages of processing frequency information. Therefore, a major difference that may emerge between automatic and effortful processing could be the degree of sus tained attention required from individuals. In the following section, we review the findings obtained in the application of the automatic/effortful framework to the elderly and neurological/psychiatric populations."
Download or read book Executive Control Processes in Reading written by B. K. Britton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1987. The first thing the reader of this volume needs to know is: What is executive control in reading, exactly? Executive control processes coordinate the functioning of the human cognitive system. This book seeks to examine how mature, skilled readers use information about the difficulty and importance of text, and of their comprehension tasks in allocating their reading time and effort.
Download or read book Readings in Cognitive Science written by Allan Collins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readings in Cognitive Science: A Perspective from Psychology and Artificial Intelligence brings together important studies that fall in the intersection between artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology. This book is composed of six chapters, and begins with the complex anatomy and physiology of the human brain. The next chapters deal with the components of cognitive science, such as the semantic memory, similarity and analogy, and learning. These chapters also consider the application of mental models, which represent the domain-specific knowledge needed to understand a dynamic system or natural physical phenomena. The remaining chapters discuss the concept of reasoning, problem solving, planning, vision, and imagery. This book is of value to psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and researchers who are interested in cognition.
Download or read book Explorations in Parallel Distributed Processing written by James L. McClelland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanies Parallel distributed processing. Vols.1-2/James L. McClelland, David E.Rumelhart; and the PDP Research Group.
Download or read book Attention and Performance XI written by Michael I. Posner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1985, this volume presents the proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Attention and Performance. With few exceptions, the central emphasis in previous meetings of the Attention and Performance Association was on the information-processing approach to normal human cognition. This emphasis had been supplemented, on occasion, by studies employing EEG methods, but there had not been systematic attempts to relate the information-processing approach to work in the neurosciences. This volume seeks to emphasize the search for mechanism with such methods of approach as the following: anatomical, physiological, neuropsychological, behavioral, and computational. The editors believed that this was in accord with recent developing trends in cognition and particularly with developments in the study of attention at the time.
Download or read book Orthography Phonology Morphology and Meaning written by R. Frost and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1992-10-20 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of research on printed word recognition has been one of the most active in the field of experimental psychology for well over a decade. However, notwithstanding the energetic research effort and despite the fact that there are many points of consensus, major controversies still exist. This volume is particularly concerned with the putative relationship between language and reading. It explores the ways by which orthography, phonology, morphology and meaning are interrelated in the reading process. Included are theoretical discussions as well as reviews of experimental evidence by leading researchers in the area of experimental reading studies. The book takes as its primary issue the question of the degree to which basic processes in reading reflect the structural characteristics of language such as phonology and morphology. It discusses how those characteristics can shape a language's orthography and affect the process of reading from word recognition to comprehension. Contributed by specialists, the broad-ranging mix of articles and papers not only gives a picture of current theory and data but a view of the directions in which this research area is vigorously moving.
Download or read book Connectionist Approaches to Natural Language Processing written by R G Reilly and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1992, when connectionist natural language processing (CNLP) was a new and burgeoning research area, this book represented a timely assessment of the state of the art in the field. It includes contributions from some of the best known researchers in CNLP and covers a wide range of topics. The book comprises four main sections dealing with connectionist approaches to semantics, syntax, the debate on representational adequacy, and connectionist models of psycholinguistic processes. The semantics and syntax sections deal with a variety of approaches to issues in these traditional linguistic domains, covering the spectrum from pure connectionist approaches to hybrid models employing a mixture of connectionist and classical AI techniques. The debate on the fundamental suitability of connectionist architectures for dealing with natural language processing is the focus of the section on representational adequacy. The chapters in this section represent a range of positions on the issue, from the view that connectionist models are intrinsically unsuitable for all but the associationistic aspects of natural language, to the other extreme which holds that the classical conception of representation can be dispensed with altogether. The final section of the book focuses on the application of connectionist models to the study of psycholinguistic processes. This section is perhaps the most varied, covering topics from speech perception and speech production, to attentional deficits in reading. An introduction is provided at the beginning of each section which highlights the main issues relating to the section topic and puts the constituent chapters into a wider context.
Download or read book Bilingual Lexical Ambiguity Resolution written by Roberto R. Heredia and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets out state-of-the-art methodological and theoretical advancements to shed light on how bilingual speakers comprehend ambiguous information.
