Download or read book An Integrated Assessment of Geochemical and Community Structure Determinants of Metal Reduction Rates in Subsurface Sediments written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our current research represents a joint effort between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Florida State University (FSU), and the University of Tennessee. ORNL will serve as the lead institution with Dr. A.V. Palumbo responsible for project coordination, integration, and deliverables. This project was initiated in November, 2004, in the Integrative Studies Element of the NABIR program. The overall goal of our project is to provide an improved understanding of the relationships between microbial community structure, geochemistry, and metal reduction rates.

Download or read book An Integrated Assessment of Geochemical and Community Structure Determinants of Metal Reduction Rates in Subsurface Sediments written by Susan M. Pfiffner and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our current research represents a joint effort between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Florida State University (FSU), and the University of Tennessee. ORNL will serve as the lead institution with Dr. A.V. Palumbo responsible for project coordination, integration, and deliverables. This project was initiated in November, 2004, in the Integrative Studies Element of the NABIR program. The overall goal of our project is to provide an improved understanding of the relationships between microbial community structure, geochemistry, and metal reduction rates. The research seeks to address the following questions: Is the metabolic diversity of the in situ microbial community sufficiently large and redundant that bioimmobilization of uranium will occur regardless of the type of electron donor added to the system? Are their donor specific effects that lead to enrichment of specific community members that then impose limits on the functional capabilities of the system? Will addition of humics change rates of uranium reduction without changing community structure? Can resource-ratio theory be used to understand changes in uranium reduction rates and community structure with respect to changing C:P ratios?

Download or read book DOE ER63951 3 Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to examine the importance of microbial community structure in influencing uranium reduction rates in subsurface sediments. If the redox state alone is the key to metal reduction, then any organisms that can utilize the oxygen and nitrate in the subsurface can change the geochemical conditions so metal reduction becomes an energetically favored reaction. Thus, community structure would not be critical in determining rates or extent of metal reduction unless community structure influenced the rate of change in redox. Alternatively, some microbes may directly catalyze metal reduction (e.g., specifically reduce U). In this case the composition of the community may be more important and specific types of electron donors may promote the production of communities that are more adept at U reduction. Our results helped determine if the type of electron donor or the preexisting community is important in the bioremediation of metal-contaminated environments subjected to biostimulation. In a series of experiments at the DOE FRC site in Oak Ridge we have consistently shown that all substrates promoted nitrate reduction, while glucose, ethanol, and acetate always promoted U reduction. Methanol only occasionally promoted extensive U reduction which is possibly due to community heterogeneity. There appeared to be limitations imposed on the community related to some substrates (e.g. methanol and pyruvate). Membrane lipid analyses (phospholipids and respiratory quinones) indicated different communities depending on electron donor used. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone libraries indicated distinct differences among communities even in treatments that promoted U reduction. Thus, there was enough metabolic diversity to accommodate many different electron donors resulting in the U bioimmobilization.

Download or read book Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments written by Danny Reible and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-21 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this text, drawn from presentations and discussion at a May 2005 NATO Advanced Research Workshop, current approaches to the assessment and remediation of contaminated sediments are discussed with emphasis on in-situ management. The text addresses physical, chemical and biological approaches for the assessment and remediation of sediments. The development of regulatory and strategic approaches is discussed with emphasis on the potential for biological remediation in the management of contaminated sediments.

Download or read book Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology written by American Society for Microbiology. General Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geochemical and Hydrological Reactivity of Heavy Metals in Soils written by H. Magdi Selim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-03-26 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrological and geochemical interactions between clay minerals and organic matter in soils directly influence the reaction, behavior, and mobility of heavy metals in soils. Geochemical and Hydrological Reactivity of Heavy Metals in Soils is one of few books that comprehensively illustrates this cause-and-effect relationship. It highlights anal

Download or read book Metal Contaminated Aquatic Sediments written by HerbertE. Allen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the sediments of many rivers, lakes, and estuaries have been contaminated by inorganic and organic materials. Contaminants from sediments, under certain conditions, can be released into overlying waters. Thus, sediments may be an important source of contaminants to waters in which littoral and atmospheric contaminants have been reduced or eliminated. Often found in aquatic sediments, metals are exposed to many reactions, such as sorption and precipitation, and are greatly influenced by the redox conditions in the sediment. The reactions - usually over a period of time - reflect biotic processing as well as chemical transformations. This book describes these important processes. Metal Contaminated Aquatic Sediments outlines advances in environmental chemistry, effective new modeling techniques, applications for biological treatment, and cycling and transport of trace metals in sedimentary environments. Each chapter contains a detailed reference section that draws upon a stunning array of sources. The book includes many figures and tables that illustrate the process under discussion. Features

Download or read book Geochemical Modeling for Mine Site Characterization and Remediation written by D. Kirk Nordstrom and published by Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The single most important factor for the successful application of a geochemical model is the knowledge and experience of the individual(s) conducting the modeling. Geochemical Modeling for Mine Site Characterization and Remediation is the fourth of six volumes in the Management Technologies for Metal Mining Influenced Water series about technologies for management of metal mine and metallurgical process drainage. This handbook describes the important components of hydrogeochemical modeling for mine environments, primarily those mines where sulfide minerals are present—metal mines and coal mines. It provides general guidelines on the strengths and limitations of geochemical modeling and an overview of its application to the hydrogeochemistry of both unmined mineralized sites and those contaminated from mineral extraction and mineral processing. The handbook includes an overview of the models behind the codes, explains vital geochemical computations, describes several modeling processes, provides a compilation of codes, and gives examples of their application, including both successes and failures. Hydrologic modeling is also included because mining contaminants most often migrate by surface water and groundwater transport, and contaminant concentrations are a function of water residence time as well as pathways. This is an indispensable resource for mine planners and engineers, environmental managers, land managers, consultants, researchers, government regulators, nongovernmental organizations, students, stakeholders, and anyone with an interest in mining influenced water. The other handbooks in the series are Basics of Metal Mining Influenced Water; Mitigation of Metal Mining Influenced Water; Mine Pit Lakes: Characteristics, Predictive Modeling, and Sustainability; Techniques for Predicting Metal Mining Influenced Water; and Sampling and Monitoring for the Mine Life Cycle.

Download or read book Geochemical Processes in Ground Water Resulting from Surface Mining of Coal at the Big Sky and West Decker Mine Areas Southeastern Montana written by David W. Clark and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A potential hydrologic effect of surface mining of coal in southeastern Montana is a change in the quality of ground water. Dissolved-solids concen- trations in water in spoils aquifers generally are larger than concentrations in water in the coal aquifers they replaced; however, laboratory experiments have indicated that concentrations can decrease if ground water flows from coal-mine spoils to coal. This study was conducted to determine if decreases in concentrations occur onsite and, if so, which geochemical processes caused the decreases. Solid-phase core samples of spoils, unmined over- burden, and coal, and ground-water samples were collected from 16 observation wells at two mine areas. In the Big Sky Mine area, changes in ground- water chemistry along a flow path from an upgradient coal aquifer to a spoils aquifer probably were a result of dedolomitization. Dissolved-solids concentrations were unchanged as water flowed from a spoils aquifer to a downgradient coal aquifer. In the West Decker Mine area, dissolved-solids concentrations apparently decreased from about 4,100 to 2,100 milligrams per liter as water moved along an inferred flow path from a spoils aquifer to a downgradient coal aquifer. Geochemical models were used to analyze changes in water chemistry on the basis of results of solid-phase and aqueous geochemical characteristics. Geochemical processes postulated to result in the apparent decrease in dissolved-solids concentrations along this inferred flow path include bacterial reduction of sulfate, reverse cation exchange within the coal, and precipitation of carbonate and iron-sulfide minerals.

Download or read book Mineralogic Residence and Desorption Rates of Sorbed 90Sr in Contaminated Subsurface Sediments written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 90Sr desorption process will be quantified in coarse-textured Hanford sediments contaminated by different waste types and a reaction-based reactive transport model developed to forecast 90Sr concentration dynamics in Hanford's 100-N plume. Previous research has addressed 137Cs desorption from HLW-contaminated sediment providing results critical for HLW tank farm closure decisions. This renewal focuses on 90Sr with the objective of providing fundamental knowledge to predict future in-ground behavior as required for sound remedial decisions. Preliminary observations that suggest that 10-y sorbed 90Sr in coarse-textured sediment resides in the interiors of basaltic lithic fragments. This intraparticle retention defines a new conceptual model for 90Sr retardation that is tentatively attributed to internal domains of phyllosilicates formed from the weathering of basaltic glass. Research will characterize the spatial locations, composition, and reactivity of these intragrain phyllosilicate domains using spectroscopic, microscopic, and wet chemical methods. Intragrain porosity, diffusivity, and tortuosity will be estimated using emersion experiments coupled with particle imaging (using electron, X-ray, and NMR techniques). Desorption rates and extent will be measured from contaminated Hanford sediments of different waste impact in electrolytes that promote isotopic exchange, ion exchange, and/or dissolution. Desorption results will be interpreted with a geochemical-physical model that incorporates aqueous speciation, mass transfer, and other important factors. Batch and column experiments will be performed with sediments from Hanfords 100-N plume to quantify factors controlling long-term release rates and river stage effects. Newfound understanding and geochemical parameters will be incorporated into the FLOTRAN reactive transport code for simulation of 100-N plume dynamics.

Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Metallic Elements written by Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a combined analysis of the geochemical, physio-chemical, biological and analytical techniques to provide a better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of heavy metals in ex-mining areas. The findings presented in this book provide a basis for evaluation of the environmental impacts of mining activities, especially tin mining. The chapters provide a general picture of the land use, geography, concentration and chemical speciation of heavy metals in mining areas. The impacts of bioavailable metal species are supported by a detailed case study on Bestari Jaya. The book concludes with remediation methods along with classical and modern approaches, their limitations and economic feasibility.

Download or read book Geochemical Behaviour of Heavy Metals in a Sedimentation Area of the Rivers Rhine and Meuse written by Geert Arend van den Berg and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determination of Metals and Anions in Soils Sediments and Sludges written by T. R. Crompton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determination of Metals and Anions in Soils, Sediments and Sludges is the first volume which comprehensively discusses the range of methods currently available for the analysis of metals and anions in soils, river and marine sediments and industrial sludges. There are specialist chapters on sampling, pollutant accumulation in sediments and bioaccumulation from soils to crops. A particular feature of this volume is its coverage of solid sewage, which is increasingly being applied to land as a fertilizer. An essential reference for chemists and toxicologists involved in water resource management, agrochemistry, fisheries and public health.

Download or read book Suboxic Trace Metal Geochemistry and Paleo record in Continental Margin Sediments of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific written by Tamara J. Nameroff and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geochemical Response of Cu Zn Cd Spiked Sediment written by Colin Michael Hutchins and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Whole sediment toxicity testing is an increasingly used means of assessing concentration dependent responses of benthic biota to contaminants as it enables sediments of single contaminants to be studied. However, concerns exist regarding the means of establishing heavy metal concentration gradients in sediments for use in toxicity testing. Metal spiking causes a plethora of poorly monitored changes in sediment geochemistry. Such changes to sediment chemistry induced by metal spiking, the procedural adjustments to minimise these and the resultant effects to organism response were the focus of this research. The addition of Cu and Zn (Method 1) into three local estuarine sediments, decreased sediment pH and increased pore-water concentrations well beyond the range of naturally contaminated sediment. Spiking with Cd, however, produced little variation in the sediment geochemistry at concentrations of up to 15x sediment guidelines (22.5 [micrograms]/g). The extent of pore-water and pH disturbance decreased in sediments with a more robust binding potential. Unrealistic partitioning of metals to the pore-water, as occurred when sediment is spiked to any significant extent, increases the sensitivity of test species to this exposure pathway. Consequently, past methods of metal spiking sediment are likely to have resulted in overestimated contaminant toxicity. Neutralisation of metal-spiked sediment minimised the geochemical disturbance of metal addition, reducing levels of Cu and Zn in the pore-water by greater than an order of magnitude for sediments adjusted to pH 8 (Method 2). pH again decreased immediately after metal addition, although to a lesser degree than with Method 1. Adjustment of sediments to pH 8 required increasing amounts of base (OH- ) over the spike metal concentration gradient, which contributed to different pH values at equilibration, and thus fluctuations in redox potential and pore-water metals over the concentration gradient. Despite pH neutralisation, concentrations of pore-water spiked metal remained above levels in naturally contaminated sediment. The use of pH adjustment was therefore insufficient to produce spiked sediment comparable to contaminated in situ sediment for toxicity tests. The serial dilution of high spiked metal concentration, pH 8 adjusted sediment (method 3) decreased the concentration of pore-water metals, while concurrently minimising geochemical variation over the concentration gradient. The serial sediment dilution method proved the best method for spiking Cu into sediment, producing pore-water metal concentrations and partition coefficients similar to that observed in naturally contaminated sediment. Procedural changes to Cu spike methods (i.e. Method 1, 2 & 3) substantially altered the observed toxic response of the estuarine bivalve Austriella cf plicifera. The exposure of A. cf plicifera to Cu spiked sediment using Method 2 and 3 eliminated the occurrence of bivalve mortality (up to 55%) observed in Cu-spiked sediment prepared using Method 1. The rate of bivalve reburial was highest for Cu-spiked sediment prepared using Method 3 (M3 up to M2 both up to M1). Complete inhibition of reburial was observed at lower spike concentrations in Method 1 sediment than Method 2 (Cu550 and Cu1100, respectively) with reburial merely reduced in Method 3 (Cu1100). The method of spiking also altered tissue accumulation, however, this was influenced by the degree of bivalve reburial. Changing lethal and sublethal response of A. cf plicifera with the method in which Cu was spiked suggests that whole-sediment toxicity tests employing questionable metal spiking procedures will not be reflective of organism responses in situ contamination. This has implications for the accuracy of sediment guideline concentrations established using concentration-response data in studies using poor metal spike procedures. The optimal spike method (M3) was used to study the effect of minor changes in pH (6.6, 7.2, 7.6) on bivalve sublethal response. Maximum levels of organism reburial were observed at sediment pH of 7.2. In pH 6.6 sediment higher pore-water Cu concentration caused slower reburial and for pH 7.6 sediment high AVS is thought to have produced a similar response. Optimised metal spiking procedures provide a proven reproducible means of producing metal contaminated environments, which more accurately resemble contaminated natural sediments.

Download or read book Environmental Geochemistry written by Benedetto DeVivo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Geochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis and Case Histories, Second Edition, reviews the role of geochemistry in the environment and details state-of-the-art applications of these principles in the field, specifically in pollution and remediation situations. Chapters cover both philosophy and procedures, as well as applications, in an array of issues in environmental geochemistry including health problems related to environment pollution, waste disposal and data base management. This updated edition also includes illustrations of specific case histories of site characterization and remediation of brownfield sites. - Covers numerous global case studies allowing readers to see principles in action - Explores the environmental impacts on soils, water and air in terms of both inorganic and organic geochemistry - Written by a well-respected author team, with over 100 years of experience combined - Includes updated content on: urban geochemical mapping, chemical speciation, characterizing a brownsfield site and the relationship between heavy metal distributions and cancer mortality

Download or read book An Assessment of the Geochemical Mobility and Bioavailability of Metals in the Sediments of Lake Hope Vinto County Ohio written by Carol Hollenkamp and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: