Download or read book An Incomplete Theory written by Megan Henry and published by . This book was released on 2021-10-30 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Megan Henry gives us a delightful reading of philosophical ideas behind physics - Einstein's theory of general relativity mainly among them. The unifying theme of the book is "Mach's principle", a principle that is natural to most physicists. As Dr. Henry describes it: "theory should be based on the measurement of observables, efficiently expressing relationships among phenomena." It is well known that such a theory puts all observers on the same footing, nothing is privileged. This in principle suggests the theory incorporates Mach's ideas. But does it? This book is the history of this "Incomplete Theory". Written with excellent teaching skills, the author starts giving us the history of various concepts in physics starting from the ancient Greeks and its passage through the Arab world into the Middle Ages, reaching Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton, Faraday, Maxwell, Einstein (of course) and key figures of quantum mechanics. She includes many interesting historical notes that make a lively prose easy to read, even when touching on deep subjects. The chapters on frontiers of physics, with the history of the Japanese school of nuclear physics of Yukawa and Nishina, the issue of infinities in quantum field theory, the quest for a theory of everything, cosmology, the Big Bang, dark matter, dark energy and the detection of gravitational waves bring us to modern times, showing how it's built on shoulders of giants. Megan tells us how she started her own physics reading passion and curiosity, and tying up dead ends and loose ends, poses a challenge for physicists and philosophers: is general relativity compatible with Mach's principle? She says no, and this could be a clue for advancing the theory - but the theory is still incomplete, as we learn when we finish the book. Jorge Pullin and Gabriela González, Baton Rouge, June 14, 2021

Download or read book Theory of Incomplete Cylindrical Functions and their Applications written by Matest M. Agrest and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In preparing the English edition of this unique work, every effort has been made to obtain an easily read and lueid exposition of the material. This has frequently been done at the expense of a literal translation of the original text and it is felt that such liberties as have been taken with the author's language are justified in the interest of ease in readingo None of us pretends to be an authority in the Russian language, and we trust that the original intent of the authors has not been lost. The equations, whieh were for the most part taken verbatim from the original work, were eheeked only eursorily; obvious and previously noted errors have been eorreeted. Fortunately, the Russian and English mathematieal notations are generally in good agreement. An exeeption is the shortened abbreviations for the hyperbolie functions (e.g. sh for sinh), and the symbol Jm rather that Im to denote the imaginary part. As near as possible, these diserepaneies have been correeted. In preparing the Bibliography, works having an English equivalent have been translated into the English title, but in the text the referenee to the Russian work was retained, as it was impraetieal to attempt to find in eaeh ease the eorresponding eitation in the English edition. Authors' names and titles associated with purely Russian works have been transliterated as nearly as possible to the English equivalent, along with the equivalent English title of the work cited.

Download or read book Theory of Incomplete Markets written by Michael Magill and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of incompl. markets/M. Magill, M. Quinzii. - V.1.

Download or read book G del s Theorem written by Torkel Franzén and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-06-06 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Among the many expositions of Gödel's incompleteness theorems written for non-specialists, this book stands apart. With exceptional clarity, Franzén gives careful, non-technical explanations both of what those theorems say and, more importantly, what they do not. No other book aims, as his does, to address in detail the misunderstandings and abuses of the incompleteness theorems that are so rife in popular discussions of their significance. As an antidote to the many spurious appeals to incompleteness in theological, anti-mechanist and post-modernist debates, it is a valuable addition to the literature." --- John W. Dawson, author of Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Gödel

Download or read book An Incomplete Education written by Judy Jones and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 2006-04-25 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A completely updated, revised edition of the classic, outfitted with a whole new arsenal of indispensable knowledge on global affairs, popular culture, economic trends, scientific principles, and modern arts. Here’s your chance to brush up on all those subjects you slept through in school, reacquaint yourself with all the facts you once knew (then promptly forgot), catch up on major developments in the world today, and become the Renaissance man or woman you always knew you could be! How do you tell the Balkans from the Caucasus? What’s the difference between fission and fusion? Whigs and Tories? Shiites and Sunnis? Deduction and induction? Why aren’t all Shakespearean comedies necessarily thigh-slappers? What are transcendental numbers and what are they good for? What really happened in Plato’s cave? Is postmodernism dead or just having a bad hair day? And for extra credit, when should you use the adjective continual and when should you use continuous? An Incomplete Education answers these and thousands of other questions with incomparable wit, style, and clarity. American Studies, Art History, Economics, Film, Literature, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Religion, Science, and World History: Here’s the bottom line on each of these major disciplines, distilled to its essence and served up with consummate flair. In this revised edition you’ll find a vitally expanded treatment of international issues, reflecting the seismic geopolitical upheavals of the past decade, from economic free-fall in South America to Central Africa’s world war, and from violent radicalization in the Muslim world to the crucial trade agreements that are defining globalization for the twenty-first century. And don’t forget to read the section "A Nervous American’s Guide to Living and Loving on Five Continents" before you answer a personal ad in the International Herald Tribune. As delightful as it is illuminating, An Incomplete Education packs ten thousand years of culture into a single superbly readable volume. This is a book to celebrate, to share, to give and receive, to pore over and browse through, and to return to again and again.

Download or read book Incompleteness written by Rebecca Goldstein and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2006-01-31 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An introduction to the life and thought of Kurt Gödel, who transformed our conception of math forever"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book G del s Proof written by Ernest Nagel and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1931 the mathematical logician Kurt Godel published a revolutionary paper that challenged certain basic assumptions underpinning mathematics and logic. A colleague of Albert Einstein, his theorem proved that mathematics was partly based on propositions not provable within the mathematical system and had radical implications that have echoed throughout many fields. A gripping combination of science and accessibility, Godel’s Proofby Nagel and Newman is for both mathematicians and the idly curious, offering those with a taste for logic and philosophy the chance to satisfy their intellectual curiosity.

Download or read book A World Without Time written by Palle Yourgrau and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-03-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a widely known but little considered fact that Albert Einstein and Kurt Godel were best friends for the last decade and a half of Einstein's life. The two walked home together from Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study every day; they shared ideas about physics, philosophy, politics, and the lost world of German science in which they had grown up. By 1949, Godel had produced a remarkable proof: In any universe described by the Theory of Relativity, time cannot exist . Einstein endorsed this result-reluctantly, since it decisively overthrew the classical world-view to which he was committed. But he could find no way to refute it, and in the half-century since then, neither has anyone else. Even more remarkable than this stunning discovery, however, was what happened afterward: nothing. Cosmologists and philosophers alike have proceeded with their work as if Godel's proof never existed -one of the greatest scandals of modern intellectual history. A World Without Time is a sweeping, ambitious book, and yet poignant and intimate. It tells the story of two magnificent minds put on the shelf by the scientific fashions of their day, and attempts to rescue from undeserved obscurity the brilliant work they did together.

Download or read book Uncountably Categorical Theories written by Boris Zilber and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1970s saw the appearance and development in categoricity theory of a tendency to focus on the study and description of uncountably categorical theories in various special classes defined by natural algebraic or syntactic conditions. There have thus been studies of uncountably categorical theories of groups and rings, theories of a one-place function, universal theories of semigroups, quasivarieties categorical in infinite powers, and Horn theories. In Uncountably Categorical Theories , this research area is referred to as the special classification theory of categoricity. Zilber's goal is to develop a structural theory of categoricity, using methods and results of the special classification theory, and to construct on this basis a foundation for a general classification theory of categoricity, that is, a theory aimed at describing large classes of uncountably categorical structures not restricted by any syntactic or algebraic conditions.

Download or read book The Incomplete Universe written by Patrick Grim and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central claim of this powerful philosophical exploration is that within any logic we have, there can be no coherent notion of all truth or of total knowledge. Grim examines a series of logical paradoxes and related formal results to reveal their implications for contemporary epistemology, metaphysics, and the philosophy of religion. He reaches the provocative conclusion that, if the universe is thought of in terms of its truths, it is essentially open and incomplete. The Incomplete Universe includes detailed work on the liar paradox and recent attempts at solution, Kaplan and Montague's paradox of the knower, the Gödel theorems and related incompleteness phenomena, and new forms of Cantorian argument. The emphasis throughout is philosophical rather than formal, with an eye to connection's with possible worlds, the notion of omniscience, and the opening lines of the Tractatus: "The world is all that is the case. "

Download or read book The Perfect Theory written by Pedro G. Ferreira and published by HMH. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “One of the best popular accounts of how Einstein and his followers have been trying to explain the universe for decades” (Kirkus Reviews, starred review). Physicists have been exploring, debating, and questioning the general theory of relativity ever since Albert Einstein first presented it in 1915. This has driven their work to unveil the universe’s surprising secrets even further, and many believe more wonders remain hidden within the theory’s tangle of equations, waiting to be exposed. In this sweeping narrative of science and culture, an astrophysicist brings general relativity to life through the story of the brilliant physicists, mathematicians, and astronomers who have taken up its challenge. For these scientists, the theory has been both a treasure trove and an enigma. Einstein’s theory, which explains the relationships among gravity, space, and time, is possibly the most perfect intellectual achievement of modern physics—yet studying it has always been a controversial endeavor. Relativists were the target of persecution in Hitler’s Germany, hounded in Stalin’s Russia, and disdained in 1950s America. Even today, PhD students are warned that specializing in general relativity will make them unemployable. Still, general relativity has flourished, delivering key insights into our understanding of the origin of time and the evolution of all the stars and galaxies in the cosmos. Its adherents have revealed what lies at the farthest reaches of the universe, shed light on the smallest scales of existence, and explained how the fabric of reality emerges. Dark matter, dark energy, black holes, and string theory are all progeny of Einstein’s theory. In the midst of a momentous transformation in modern physics, as scientists look farther and more clearly into space than ever before, The Perfect Theory exposes the greater relevance of general relativity, showing us where it started, where it has led—and where it can still take us.

Download or read book Incomplete Nature How Mind Emerged from Matter written by Terrence W. Deacon and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2012 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the emergent processes that bridge the gap between organisms that think and have consciousness and those that do not and discusses the origins of life, information, and free will.

Download or read book An Introduction to G del s Theorems written by Peter Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-26 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1931, the young Kurt Gödel published his First Incompleteness Theorem, which tells us that, for any sufficiently rich theory of arithmetic, there are some arithmetical truths the theory cannot prove. This remarkable result is among the most intriguing (and most misunderstood) in logic. Gödel also outlined an equally significant Second Incompleteness Theorem. How are these Theorems established, and why do they matter? Peter Smith answers these questions by presenting an unusual variety of proofs for the First Theorem, showing how to prove the Second Theorem, and exploring a family of related results (including some not easily available elsewhere). The formal explanations are interwoven with discussions of the wider significance of the two Theorems. This book will be accessible to philosophy students with a limited formal background. It is equally suitable for mathematics students taking a first course in mathematical logic.

Download or read book What Is Real written by Adam Becker and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A thorough, illuminating exploration of the most consequential controversy raging in modern science." --New York Times Book Review An Editor's Choice, New York Times Book Review Longlisted for PEN/E.O. Wilson Prize for Literary Science Writing Longlisted for Goodreads Choice Award Every physicist agrees quantum mechanics is among humanity's finest scientific achievements. But ask what it means, and the result will be a brawl. For a century, most physicists have followed Niels Bohr's solipsistic and poorly reasoned Copenhagen interpretation. Indeed, questioning it has long meant professional ruin, yet some daring physicists, such as John Bell, David Bohm, and Hugh Everett, persisted in seeking the true meaning of quantum mechanics. What Is Real? is the gripping story of this battle of ideas and the courageous scientists who dared to stand up for truth. "An excellent, accessible account." --Wall Street Journal "Splendid. . . . Deeply detailed research, accompanied by charming anecdotes about the scientists." --Washington Post

Download or read book Toposes and Local Set Theories written by John L. Bell and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text introduces topos theory, a development in category theory that unites important but seemingly diverse notions from algebraic geometry, set theory, and intuitionistic logic. Topics include local set theories, fundamental properties of toposes, sheaves, local-valued sets, and natural and real numbers in local set theories. 1988 edition.

Download or read book Probability Theory written by and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probability theory

Download or read book Lost in Math written by Sabine Hossenfelder and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this "provocative" book (New York Times), a contrarian physicist argues that her field's modern obsession with beauty has given us wonderful math but bad science. Whether pondering black holes or predicting discoveries at CERN, physicists believe the best theories are beautiful, natural, and elegant, and this standard separates popular theories from disposable ones. This is why, Sabine Hossenfelder argues, we have not seen a major breakthrough in the foundations of physics for more than four decades. The belief in beauty has become so dogmatic that it now conflicts with scientific objectivity: observation has been unable to confirm mindboggling theories, like supersymmetry or grand unification, invented by physicists based on aesthetic criteria. Worse, these "too good to not be true" theories are actually untestable and they have left the field in a cul-de-sac. To escape, physicists must rethink their methods. Only by embracing reality as it is can science discover the truth.