Download or read book An Experimental Study of the Processes Involved in the Formation of Soot Particles in Diffusion Flames written by Uri Vandsburger and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Experimental Study of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Axisymmetric Counterflow Diffusion Flames written by Keunchul Lee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fuel Structure and Pressure Effects on the Formation of Soot Particles in Diffusion Flames written by Robert J. Santoro and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies emphasizing the effects of fuel concentration and operating pressure on the formation of soot particles have been conducted in a series of laminar diffusion flames. These experiments have shown that fuel concentration has a measurable effect on the amount of soot formed in the flame. However, a simple, constant proportionality between the fuel concentration and soot volume fraction has not been found to apply for the range of flow conditions studied. This observation is believed to be a result of flame residence time and diffusion effects which mitigate the consequences of reduced initial fuel concentration. Comparisons with simple laminar diffusion flame models are currently being used to investigate the relationship between initial fuel concentration and local flame concentration fields. Similar studies of soot formation in laminar diffusion flames as a function of operating pressure have also been completed for ethene, ethane and propene fuel species. Keywords: Soot formation, Soot particles, Diffusion flames. (JES).

Download or read book Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties written by J. Lahaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid and solid phases. In the late sixties, we began to study soot formation in pyrolytic systems and later on in flames. The idea of organ1z1ng a meeting on soot formation originated some four or five years ago, through discussions among Professor J.B. Howard, Dr. A. D'Alessio and ourselves. At that time the scientific community was becoming aware of the necessity to strictly control soot formation and emission. Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation of soot, we realized that the combustion community was not always fully aware of the progress made by the physical-chemists on carbon black. Reciprocally, the carbon specialists were often ignoring the research carried out on soot in flames. One objective of this workshop was to stimulate discussions between these two scientific communities. During the preparation of the meeting, and especially during the review process by the Material Science Committee of the Scientific Affairs Division of N.A.T.O. the toxicological aspect emerged as being an important component to be addressed during the workshop. To reflect these preoccupations we invited biologists, physical chemists and engineers, all leaders in their field. The final programme is a compromise of the different aspects of the subject and was divided in five sessions.

Download or read book Soot Formation in Combustion written by Henning Bockhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot Formation in Combustion represents an up-to-date overview. The contributions trace back to the 1991 Heidelberg symposium entitled "Mechanism and Models of Soot Formation" and have all been reedited by Prof. Bockhorn in close contact with the original authors. The book gives an easy introduction to the field for newcomers, and provides detailed treatments for the specialists. The following list of contents illustrates the topics under review:

Download or read book Particulate Carbon written by Donald Siegla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the symposium, "Particulate Carbon: Formation During Combustion", held at the General Motors Research Laboratories on October 15 and 16, 1980, was to discuss fundamental aspects of soot formation and oxidation in combustion systems and to stimulate new research by extensive interactions among the participants. This book contains lhe papers and discussions of that symposium, the 26th in an annual series covering many different disciplines which are timely and of interest to both General Motors and the technical community at large. The subject of this symposium has considerable relevance for man in his effort to control and preserve his environment. Emission of particulate carbon into the atmos phere from combustion sources is of concern to scientists and laymen alike. The hope of reducing this emission clearly requires an understanding of its formation during the combustion process, itself an area of considerable long-term research interest. It is our hope that this symposium has served to summarize what is known so that what remains to be learned can be pursued with greater vigor.

Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Contributions to Soot Production in Laminar Axisymmetric Diffusion Flames written by Felipe Andrés Escudero Barros and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was performed with the main objective of characterizing soot production for different oxygen indices (OIs) in normal (NDFs) and inverse (IDFs) diffusion flames. Specific absorption-emission based methods were developed, implemented and validated to measure soot volume fraction and temperature. It was found that for IDFs, an increase on the OI produces an enhancement of soot formation but does not affect oxidation processes, leading to an increase on soot volume fraction and radiant fraction. In addition, a scaling analysis based on the smoke point (SP) resulted on a unified behavior for ethylene, propane and butane fueled NDFs in terms of flame height, soot volume fraction and radiant fraction at SP. In a second step, a numerical study was performed with the main objective of evaluating the predictive capabilities of the sectional method (SM) and three methods of moments (MOMs) for the resolution of the population balance equation (PBE) for soot particle size distribution (PSD). For this purpose, the MOMs were added to an existing parallel code for simulating laminar axisymmetric diffusion flames. The SM was able to reproduce the available experimental data whereas the MOMs were not able to predict details of soot morphology with the same level of accuracy. An analysis on the main differences between the SM and MOMs was performed. The main issue identified for the MOMs was the inability to satisfy the assumption of conservation of number density of primary particles and number of primary particles per aggregate during soot surface processes.

Download or read book A Fundamental Study of Soot Formation in Diffusion Flames written by Richard L. Axelbaum and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental Study of Soot Formation in Laminar Premixed Flames of Fuels of Interest for Automobile and Aeronautics written by Christopher Betrancourt and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emission of soot formed from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels and biomass is a serious concern due to soot's harmful impact on human health, environment and its radiative forcing on climate. Gaining fundamental understanding of soot formation, particularly the nucleation step leading to the formation of the nascent soot particles, is critical to develop reliable predictive soot models and to help the design of more efficient and cleaner combustion devices. This work demonstrates that nascent soot particles in the size range of 2-4 nm are able to emit a black body radiation by combined Laser Induced Incandescence (LII), scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and helium-ion microscopy (HIM). These nascent soot particles are investigated in nucleation premixed flames in which soot particles are essentially formed by nucleation, without growth by soot surface processes and in standard sooting premixed flames in which growth processes occur. This work provides an extensive database for improvement of kinetics modelling of sooting flames with a focus on the soot nucleation in flames. Two kinds of fuels have been selected: n-butane and mixture of n-butane and n-propylbenzene. For each fuels two flames have been studied: a nucleation and a standard sooting flames. The database consist of species profiles obtained by online gas chromatography, temperature profiles measured by Laser induced fluorescence thermometry, soot volume fraction profiles obtained by LII calibrated by cavity ring-down extinction and particles size distributions obtained in n-butane flames by SMPS and HIM. From this database effect of equivalence ratio and fuel composition is analyzed.

Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Studies for Soot Formation in Laminar Coflow Diffusion Flames of Jet A 1 and Synthetic Jet Fuels written by Meghdad Saffaripour and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Oxygen Enhanced Combustion written by Charles E. Baukal Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion-new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissi

Download or read book Environmental Implications of Combustion Processes written by Ishwar K. Puri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-09-22 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is a large body of research literature pertaining to the environmental implications of combustion processes, this book is the first to present a concise treatment of fundamental issues that can be quickly and easily used by entry-level researchers. The book is arranged so that it logically flows from fundamentals to pollutants, through theory, and on to modeling. Chapters cover combustion fundamentals, gaseous pollution, and heterogeneous combustion. Combustion theory in the form of Activation Energy Asymptotics is included for the lay reader, followed by a presentation of reduced mechanisms in the context of burning, a topic of environmental significance. Turbulent combustion modeling is also discussed.

Download or read book Detailed Studies of Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames for Application to Modeling Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of soot formation in laminar diffusion flames has shown that soot particle surface growth under laminar diffusion flame conditions ceases because of the depletion of hydrocarbon species, in particular acetylene and benzene, and not due soot particle reactivity loss due to thermal aging of the particles. This results has been obtained through direct species concentration measurements under well controlled conditions while the particle reactivity effects were calculated based on premixed flame results along with particle temperature/time information available from earlier laminar diffusion flame studies. Comparisons with a soot formation model which incorporated detailed chemistry effects showed good agreement in terms of predicted and measured species concentration and soot particle field evolution. In addition, a novel technique for measuring soot volume fraction has been developed based on laser-induced incandescence and applied to similar laminar diffusion flame, studies with good success. This technique represents a major development in terms of its ability to make soot volume fraction measurements in unsteady inhomogeneous combusting flows. Soot formation, Soot particles, Diffusion flames.

Download or read book Understanding Soot Particle Growth Chemistry and Particle Sizing Using a Novel Soot Growth and Formation Model written by Armin Veshkini and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Experimental Study of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Axisymmetric Counterflow Diffusion Flames written by Keunchul Lee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemistry of Combustion of Fuel Water Mixtures written by Edward G. Skolnik and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continuation of an experimental flame study concerning the nonphysical processes that lead to soot suppression when water is added to fuel, begun in a previous program is reported. The study included a mapping of temperature, chemical species and soot profiles of laminar diffusion flames with and without water added. Fuels studied included ethylene and a benzene/hydrogen mixture. Flames with nonreactive gases added (argon, nitrogen), were also studied for comparison purposes. The study concludes that the reduction of soot by water in an ethylene diffusion flame can be completely explained by thermal effects. The results are not as definitive for benzene. The addition of water causes a greater reduction in soot than does a thermally equivalent addition of argon, but no noticeable differences in chemical species profiles are observed. There is evidence, however, that water addition causes an increase in concentration of an oxygen-containing tarry substance present in the flame prior to soot formation. During the course of the study it was also possible to estimate both soot particle diameters (1-2 x .000001 cm at the beginning of the oxidation zone) and an activation energy for soot oxidation by the OH radical (7-8 kcal/mole). In addition, it was possible to confirm the presence of and quantify the oxygen concentration in the center of diffusion flames, first reported under the previous program. (Author).

Download or read book Soot Formation in Laminar Jet Diffusion Flames written by Peter Bradford Sunderland and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: