Download or read book The Nature of Reasoning written by Jacqueline P. Leighton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are bombarded with information - press releases, television news, Internet websites, and office memos, just to name a few - on a daily basis. However, the important conclusions that may or need to be inferred from such information are typically not provided. We must draw the conclusions by ourselves. How do we draw these conclusions? This book addresses how we reason to reach sensible conclusions. The purpose of this book is to organize in one volume what is known about reasoning, such as its structural prerequisites, its mechanisms, its susceptibility to pragmatic influences, its pitfalls, and the bases for its development. Given that reasoning underlies so many of our intellectual activities - when we learn, criticize, analyze, judge, infer, evaluate, optimize, apply, discover, imagine, devise, and create - we stand to gain a great deal if we can learn to define, operate, apply, and nurture our reasoning.
Download or read book Sequential Decision Making in Musical Intelligence written by Elad Liebman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 60 years, artificial intelligence has grown from an academic field of research to a ubiquitous array of tools used in everyday technology. Despite its many recent successes, certain meaningful facets of computational intelligence have yet to be thoroughly explored, such as a wide array of complex mental tasks that humans carry out easily, yet are difficult for computers to mimic. A prime example of a domain in which human intelligence thrives, but machine understanding is still fairly limited, is music. Over recent decades, many researchers have used computational tools to perform tasks like genre identification, music summarization, music database querying, and melodic segmentation. While these are all useful algorithmic solutions, we are still a long way from constructing complete music agents able to mimic (at least partially) the complexity with which humans approach music. One key aspect that hasn't been sufficiently studied is that of sequential decision-making in musical intelligence. Addressing this gap, the book focuses on two aspects of musical intelligence: music recommendation and multi-agent interaction in the context of music. Though motivated primarily by music-related tasks, and focusing largely on people's musical preferences, the work presented in this book also establishes that insights from music-specific case studies can also be applicable in other concrete social domains, such as content recommendation.Showing the generality of insights from musical data in other contexts provides evidence for the utility of music domains as testbeds for the development of general artificial intelligence techniques.Ultimately, this thesis demonstrates the overall value of taking a sequential decision-making approach in settings previously unexplored from this perspective.
Download or read book Secrets of the Moneylab written by Kay-Yut Chen and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking the findings of behavioral economics from the cocktail party to the boardroom. Experimental economist Kay-Yut Chen leads an economics lab at Hewlett- Packard-the first of its kind at any company. His groundbreaking research into human behavior has turned into tangible results for HP. He has saved the company millions of dollars, simply by explaining why people really do the things they do. MoneyLab offers practical lessons being put to use right now at HP and other leading companies. It explains, for instance, how to: ? Use incentives to influence employees, suppliers, and buyers ? Determine whom to trust, and how much ? Reduce the negative effects of irrational behavior by noticing patterns that don't seem logical ? Take advantage of the human tendency to game the system In the spirit of Predictably Irrational, but with a more practical approach, Chen shows how to translate the findings of behavioral economics into concrete actions to achieve new levels of success.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Uncertainty and Risk written by Mohammed Abdellaoui and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-10 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tries to sort out the different meanings of uncertainty and to discover their foundations. It shows that uncertainty can be represented using various tools and mental guidelines. Coverage also examines alternative ways to deal with risk and risk attitude concepts. Behavior under uncertainty emerges from this book as something to base more on inquiry and reflection rather than on mere intuition.
Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind written by Shira Elqayam and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David E. Over is a leading cognitive scientist and, with his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he also exerts a powerful influence on the psychology of reasoning. He is responsible for not only a large body of empirical work and accompanying theory, but for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the ‘new paradigm’ in the psychology of human reasoning. Over’s signature mix of philosophical logic and experimental psychology has inspired generations of researchers, psychologists, and philosophers alike over more than a quarter of a century. The chapters in this volume, written by a leading group of contributors including a number who helped shape the psychology of reasoning as we know it today, each take their starting point from the key themes of Over’s ground-breaking work. The essays in this collection explore a wide range of central topics—such as rationality, bias, dual processes, and dual systems—as well as contemporary psychological and philosophical theories of conditionals. It concludes with an engaging new chapter, authored by David E. Over himself, which details and analyses the new paradigm psychology of reasoning. This book is therefore important reading for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in psychology, philosophy, and the cognitive sciences, including those who are not familiar with Over’s thought already.
Download or read book Economic Psychology and Experimental Economics written by Simon Kemp and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last ten years have seen an enormous surge of interest in issues that are common to psychology and economics. How do people make decisions about economic issues? How should they make such decisions? Does public policy or regulation succeed in its aim of helping people make these decisions? What situations aid cooperation? This volume explores some of the ways in which economists and psychologists have tried to answer these questions. The authors are an international mix of economists and psychologists, and as such they demonstrate a diverse range of approaches to tackling different aspects of these issues. This is a frontier area for both psychology and economics, and consequently it is relatively free, lawless and, above all, exciting. This collection reflects the diversity and energy that characterise this rapidly growing interdisciplinary field. This book was originally published as a special issue of New Zealand Economic Papers.
Download or read book Solvable written by Arnaud Chevallier and published by Pearson UK. This book was released on 2022-05-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 3-step process for solving complex problems of any kind: Frame, Ideate, Decide. Solvable offers practical tools that are both evidence-based and presented in an accessible and visual way to help you improve all aspects of problem solving at work and home.
Download or read book The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior written by Stephen M. Colarelli and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-01-02 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics have emerged as prominent theoretical perspectives within the social sciences. Yet despite broad levels of commonality between the disciplines—including an emphasis on adaptation, evolved mechanisms that guide behavior, and consequences of mismatch between these mechanisms and novel environments—studies that apply these perspectives on social behavior to organizations remain relatively rare. The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior brings together contributors who shed light on the potential that behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology offer for studies of organizational behavior. In addition to examining the extant literature integrating these disciplines and organizational behavior, the book reconsiders a wide range of topics through the lens of biology within organizational behavior, including decision making, leadership and hierarchy, goals and collective action, and individual difference. Contributions also explore new areas of potential application and provide a critical assessment of the challenges that lie ahead. With accessible insights for scholars and practitioners, The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior marks a promising step forward in what is increasingly perceived to be an underdeveloped area of organizational behavior.
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences written by Neil J. Smelser and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The largest work ever published in the social and behavioural sciences. It contains 4000 signed articles, 15 million words of text, 90,000 bibliographic references and 150 biographical entries.
Download or read book Algorithms to Live By written by Brian Christian and published by Henry Holt and Company. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of how computer algorithms can be applied to our everyday lives to solve common decision-making problems and illuminate the workings of the human mind. What should we do, or leave undone, in a day or a lifetime? How much messiness should we accept? What balance of the new and familiar is the most fulfilling? These may seem like uniquely human quandaries, but they are not. Computers, like us, confront limited space and time, so computer scientists have been grappling with similar problems for decades. And the solutions they’ve found have much to teach us. In a dazzlingly interdisciplinary work, Brian Christian and Tom Griffiths show how algorithms developed for computers also untangle very human questions. They explain how to have better hunches and when to leave things to chance, how to deal with overwhelming choices and how best to connect with others. From finding a spouse to finding a parking spot, from organizing one’s inbox to peering into the future, Algorithms to Live By transforms the wisdom of computer science into strategies for human living.
Download or read book Ecological Rationality written by Peter M. Todd and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "More information is always better, and full information is best. More computation is always better, and optimization is best." More-is-better ideals such as these have long shaped our vision of rationality. Yet humans and other animals typically rely on simple heuristics to solve adaptive problems, focusing on one or a few important cues and ignoring the rest, and shortcutting computation rather than striving for as much as possible. In this book, we argue that in an uncertain world, more information and computation are not always better, and we ask when, and why, less can be more. The answers to these questions constitute the idea of ecological rationality: how we are able to achieve intelligence in the world by using simple heuristics matched to the environments we face, exploiting the structures inherent in our physical, biological, social, and cultural surroundings.
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology written by Robin Ian MacDonald Dunbar and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from over 50 experts in the field, this book provides an overview of the latest developments in evolutionary psychology. In addition to well studied areas of investigation, it also includes chapters on the philosophical underpinnings of evolutionary psychology, comparative perspectives from other species, and more.
Download or read book Handbook of Experimental Economics Results written by Charles R. Plott and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-08-21 with total page 1175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the field of economics makes sharp distinctions and produces precise theory, the work of experimental economics sometimes appears blurred and may produce uncertain results. The contributors to this volume have provided brief notes describing specific experimental results.
Download or read book Modeling Human and Organizational Behavior written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-08-31 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
