Download or read book An Experimental Investigation Into Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Using an Entrained flow Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Experimental Investigation Into Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Using an Entrained flow Reactor written by Mark Bohn and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrolysis experiments were performed using 30 and 90cm entrained-flow reactors, with steam as a carrier gas and two different feedstocks--wheat straw and powdered material derived from municipal solid waste (ECO-II TM). Reactor wall temperature was varied from 700° - 1400° C. Gas composition data from the ECO-II tests were comparable to previously reported data but ethylene yield appeared to vary with reactor wall temperature and residence time. The important conclusion from the wheat straw tests is that olefin yields are about one half that obtained from ECO-II. Evidence was found that high olefin yields from ECO-II are due to the presence of plastics in the feedstock.

Download or read book Experimental Investigation Into Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Using an Entrained flow Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrolysis experiments were performed using 30 and 90cm entrained-flow reactors, with steam as a carrier gas and two different feedstocks - wheat straw and powdered material drived from municipal solid waste (ECO-II TM). Reactor wall temperature was varied from 700° to 1400°C. Gas composition data from the ECO-II tests were comparable to previously reported data but ethylene yield appeared to vary with reactor wall temperature and residence time. The important conclusion from the wheat straw tests is that olefin yields are about one half that obtained from ECO-II. Evidence was found that high olefin yields from ECO-II are due to the presence of plastics in the feedstock. Batch experiments were run on wheat straw using a Pyroprobe/sup TM/. The samples were heated at a high rate (20,000° C/sec) to 1000° and held at 1000°C for a variable period of time from 0.05 to 4.95s. For times up to 0.15s volume fractions of ethylene, propylene, and methane increase while that of carbon dioxide decreases. Subsequently, only carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced. The change may be related to poor thermal contact and suggests caution in using the Pyroprobe.

Download or read book Entrained Flow Pyrolysis and Gasification of Selected Biomass an Experimental and Modeling Study written by Kawnish Kirtania and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This PhD thesis presents the work carried out by kinetic modeling incorporated with particle simulation on selected plant based biomass during pyrolysis and gasification followed by an experimental investigation of those processes under entrained flow to satisfy the engineering requirement.Renewable energy sources are becoming a significant part of the primary energy share for mitigating the CO2 emission along with addressing the issue of fossil fuel depletion. According to the lifecycle of biomass, it is CO2 neutral and can be a potential replacement for fossil fuels. Being a solid fuel, it can be consumed using the existing technology for solid fossil fuels, however, with modification. To modify any available technology, significant research effort is needed in both fundamental and engineering level to find out optimum reaction conditions. One appropriate technology for solid fuel conversion is entrained flow gasification which uses a high heating rate and low residence time to produce high energy gas. Non-conventional biomass (e.g. algae) along with woody biomass might be consumed by this technology. At the same time, fossil fuel (coal) can be potentially replaced by blending biomass with it.To model the inherent kinetics involved in the pyrolysis process, a new algorithm was proposed for higher order distributed activation energy model. The new algorithm was found to be versatile in estimating the intrinsic pyrolysis kinetics for different types of biomass (algae, sawdust, and coconut shell) along with predicting the pyrolysis behavior of the blends of one those biomass samples and coal. To link this fundamental development to the engineering application, entrained flow pyrolysis experiments on biomass were performed on biomass by varying different operating conditions. After that, a particle model was developed for this process to predict the conversion profile of the solid biomass particle using apparent kinetics which showed good agreement with the experimental data. A guideline was also generated on the basis of parametric study (particle size, temperature, gas velocity, residence time etc.) to design a laminar entrained flow reactor for pyrolysis. Further development of the particle model was achieved by incorporating the intrinsic kinetic parameters obtained by the newly developed algorithm. It was proposed that inclusion of pyrolysis heat of reaction would improve the prediction of the model if intrinsic kinetic parameters were to be used.At the same time, effect of operating parameters (temperature, particle size) and species variation on entrained flow pyrolysis was evaluated. The study was limited to the particle size ranges under 600 μm (suitable particle size for entrained flow gasification) and up to a temperature of 1000 °C. Among all the parameters, particle size was found to be the most critical because of its influence on both residence time and heating rate. Also, temperature was found be very important for achieving full conversion in case of larger particle size. At 1000 °C, pyrolysis of all types of biomass under consideration reached completion. In case of a lower temperature (800 °C), some unconverted particles were observed for larger size (500-600 μm). Tar production was minimized at 1000 °C for the smaller particle size (150-250 μm). At a higher temperature, the gas yield was also increased considerably due to the increase in conversion efficiency. Morphological study on the char particles showed that sawdust experienced a molten phase during its pyrolysis and due to the gas release from inside, the smaller particles were converted into cenospheres where no morphology of the parent particle was visible. This resulted in highly reactive char with an extremely porous structure. However, this observation could not be generalized as algae and coconut shell char showed different morphological development.As the char obtained from the entrained flow pyrolysis process were different from fixed bed chars, they were studied for their reactivity and kinetics under CO2. Generally, gasification kinetics of most of the chars was predicted well by random pore model. Only the algal char obtained from rapid pyrolysis was different because of its low amount of gasifiable mass attached to the surface which did not show any porous structure, therefore, followed the volumetric reaction model. Along with the fixed bed chars, only coconut shell char from entrained flow reactor showed very low reactivity. This difference in the reactivity was attributed to the lack of mesopores along with the variation of indigenous alkali in the ash among the biomass species to a lesser extent.This low reactivity of coconut shell char resulted in the entrained flow gasification experiments which were performed by varying the temperature, particle size and also concentration of gasifying agent (CO2). The char from coconut shell did not show any significant increase in conversion due to the decrease in particle size whereas a steady linear increase was observed for temperature. In contrast, the sawdust char was highly reactive and reached its highest conversion (50%) at 1000 °C under 20% CO2 for a reactor length of 1.885 m. Remarkable increase in the conversion was observed with decrease in the particle size and increase of temperature. The increase in reactor length also showed positive effect on char conversion and gas production. These findings have important implications on the gasifier design and sample preparation meaning there will be no benefit of reduced particle size on conversion if the sample itself is less reactive in the first place. Also it was revealed that if raw biomass was gasified, these effects would have been indistinguishable because of the dominance of pyrolysis. No tar was observed during char gasification process at 1000 °C as most of it removed during the pyrolysis process.Along with the above studies, a new analytical technique (Synchrotron based Infrared spectrum) was used to study the pyrolysis process of biomass. The study delineated the evolution of functional groups from the surface of biomass along with the effect of heating rate during the process. This was a preliminary study which opened up new possibilities in energy research considering in situ gasification of biomass.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book SERI Technical Report Desktop Library written by Solar Energy Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion written by A.V. Bridgwater and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference is the second such meeting under the auspices of the International Energy Agency's Bioenergy Agreement. The first lEA sponsored Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Conference was held in Estes Park in 1982 and attracted 153 delegates from 13 countries around the world at a time when interest in biomass derived energy was at a peak. Since then oil prices have fallen considerably and with most prognoses for level prices until the end of the century, there has been a significant downturn in support for biomass conversion technologies. It has been particularly encouraging, therefore, to have received such an excellent response to this meeting. A total of 122 papers were offered, and 135 delegates registered for the conference from 19 countries. The theme of this meeting was Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion to reflect the advances made in research, development, demonstration and com mercialisation since the Fundamentals meeting in 1982. The programme was divided into sections on fundamental research, applied research, and demonstration and commercial activities to emphasise the interaction and roles of all levels of research in supporting the eventual commercial implementation. The layout of the pro ceedings reflects this same pattern, with an introductory section on status and technoeconomics to identify opportunities and constraints in different parts of the world. All the papers included in these proceedings have been subjected to the usual peer review process to ensure the highest standards.

Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Engineering Fluid Mechanics Multiphase Reactor and Polymerization System Hydr written by Nicholas P Cheremisinoff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-08-27 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the Advances in Engineering Fluid Mechanics Series covers topics in hydrodynamics related to polymerization of elastomers and plastics. Emphasis is given to advanced concepts in multiphase reactor systems often used in the manufacturing of products. This volume is comprised of 30 chapters that address key subject areas such as multiphase mixing concepts, multicomponet reactors and the hydrodynamics associated with their operations, and slurry flow behavior associated with non-Newtonian flows.

Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FAST PYROLYSIS OF ARUNDO DONAX IN A NOVEL PADDLE REACTOR written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The main objective of this research was to show the effectiveness of a novel paddle reactor for fast pyrolysis and study the effect of biomass particle size and reaction temperature of Arundo Donax a type of energy crop on the bio-oil yields. The novel paddle reactor showed effective mixing and heat transfer which were proved with the help of studying the residence time and the heating characteristics of the system respectively. The effect of different biomass particle sizes on the bio-oil yield was not significant, the bio-oil yield was approximately 50% for all the sizes. For Arundo Donax particle sizes less than 1.0 mm would not have any significant effect on the bio-oil yield. The effect of reaction temperature on the bio-oil yield was not significant as the reaction temperature was increased from 500 to 530°C, the bio-oil yield decreased by 7% within that temperature range. Maximum bio-oil yield was obtained in the range of 470-500°C which was approximately 50%. A parabolic curve was obtained for reaction temperature vs bio-oil yield as predicted. For Arundo Donax the temperature for maximum bio-oil yield is about the same as for woody biomass, around 500°C.

Download or read book Fast Biomass Pyrolysis with an Entrained Flow Reactor written by Mark Bohn and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tubular entrained flow reactor has been used to study the effect of process control variables on fast biomass pyrolysis. In this type of reactor, finely ground biomass particles are entrained by carrier gas and transported through a reactor tube which is heated to about 900 degrees C. Biomass particles pyrolyze as a result of heat transfer from the reactor wall yielding a gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, and unsaturated hydrocarbons. In this experimental program three dependent variables, percent conversion to gas, gas composition, and process heat, have been measured as a function of several process control variables. These process variables include reactor temperature, carrier gas to biomass flow ratio, reactor residence time, biomass particle size, and reactor Reynolds number. The data allow one to design and predict the performance of large scale reactors and also elucidates heat transfer mechanisms in fast biomass pyrolysis.

Download or read book Fast Biomass Pyrolysis with an Entrained Flow Reactor written by Mark Bohn and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tubular entrained flow reactor has been used to study the effect of process control variables on fast biomass pyrolysis. In this type of reactor, finely ground biomass particles are entrained by carrier gas and transported through a reactor tube which is heated to about 900 degrees C. Biomass particles pyrolyze as a result of heat transfer from the reactor wall yielding a gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, and unsaturated hydrocarbons. In this experimental program three dependent variables, percent conversion to gas, gas composition, and process heat, have been measured as a function of several process control variables. These process variables include reactor temperature, carrier gas to biomass flow ratio, reactor residence time, biomass particle size, and reactor Reynolds number. The data allow one to design and predict the performance of large scale reactors and also elucidates heat transfer mechanisms in fast biomass pyrolysis.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.

Download or read book XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress written by Vladimir Litvinenko and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-21 with total page 1165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers technical and scientific articles by leading experts from 15 countries and originally presented at the world’s most prestigious forum on coal preparation: the XVIII International Coal Preparation Congress. Topics addressed include: the mineral resources basis of the coal industry; problems and prospects of development in the coal industry; crushing, grinding, screening and classification processes used at sorting plants; coal processing and briquette factories; review of plant designs and operations used around the world; new developments in dense-medium separators, water-based separation processes, froth flotation and dewatering; technologies and equipment for the dry separation of coal; coal deep processing technologies and equipment; energy generation as an area of coal deep processing; and simulation and optimization software for separation processes.In general, the future of coal around the world is defined by its competitiveness. As the cheapest form of fuel (comparatively speaking), coal undoubtedly continues to be in high demand around the world.

Download or read book Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass written by Robert C Brown and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast pyrolysis and related catalytic pyrolysis are of increasing interest as pathways to advanced biofuels that closely mimic traditional petroleum products. Research has moved from empirical investigations to more fundamental studies of pyrolysis mechanisms. Theories on the chemical and physical pathways from plant polymers to pyrolysis products have proliferated as a result. This book brings together the latest developments in pyrolysis science and technology. It examines, reviews and challenges the unresolved and sometimes controversial questions about pyrolysis, helping advance the understanding of this important technology and stimulating discussion on the various competing theories of thermal deconstruction of plant polymers. Beginning with an introduction to the biomass-to-biofuels process via fast pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, chapters address prominent questions such as whether free radicals or concerted reactions dominate deconstruction reactions. Finally, the book concludes with an economic analysis of fast pyrolysis versus catalytic pyrolysis. This book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers interested in the science behind renewable fuel technology, and particularly the thermochemical processing of biomass.