Download or read book An Experimental Investigation Into Chemical Additive Effects on Ignition Delay of Methane Injected Into Air written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation Into Chemical Additive Effects on Ignition Delay of Methane Injected Into Air written by Brad Bretecher and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were performed to investigate if possible synergy exists between two additives introduced to methane that would result in a shorter ignition delay than that for natural gas or methane containing only one additive. Testing was conducted in both a compression-ignition engine and a combustion bomb that afford optical access into the combustion chamber. Initial engine tests showed the importance of minimizing the injector sac volume of injectors for gaseous fuels. In combustion bomb tests with no power supplied to the glowplug, the methane mixtures reduced the ignition delay value by a factor of three compared to natural gas. Even with the additives, however, the ignition delay times achieved under the conditions tested are too long for practical use in an engine (
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Ignition and Combustion Phenomena in Pilot ignited Natural Gas Engines written by Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly stringent emissions statutes and the need for energy security and self-sufficiency are primary driving factors to consider alternatives to fossil fuels. In this regard pilot-ignited natural gas engines are clean, efficient, economical, and thereby, viable alternatives to diesel engines.
Download or read book Shock tube Study of Methane Ignition with NO2 and N2O written by John Pemelton and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOx produced during combustion can persist in the exhaust gases of a gas turbine engine in quantities significant to induce regulatory concerns. There has been much research which has led to important insights into NOx chemistry. One method of NOx reduction is exhaust gas recirculation. In exhaust gas recirculation, a portion of the exhaust gases that exit are redirected to the inlet air stream that enters the combustion chamber, along with fuel. Due to the presence of NOx in the exhaust gases which are subsequently introduced into the burner, knowledge of the effects of NOx on combustion is advantageous. Contrary to general NOx research, little has been conducted to investigate the sensitizing effects of NO2 and N2O addition to methane/oxygen combustion. Experiments were made with dilute and real fuel air mixtures of CH4/O2/Ar with the addition of NO2 and N2O. The real fuel air concentrations were made with the addition of NO2 only. The equivalence ratios of mixtures made were 0.5, 1 and 2. The experimental pressure range was 1 - 44 atm and the temperature range tested was 1177--2095 K. The additives NO2 and N2O were added in concentrations from 831 ppm to 3539 ppm. The results of the mixtures with NO2 have a reduction in ignition delay time across the pressure ranges tested, and the mixtures with N2O show a similar trend. At 1.3 atm, the NO2 831 ppm mixture shows a 65% reduction and shows a 75% reduction at 30 atm. The NO2 mixtures showed a higher decrease in ignition time than the N2O mixtures. The real fuel air mixture also showed a reduction. Sensitivity Analyses were performed. The two most dominant reactions in the NO2 mixtures are the reaction O+H2 = O+OH and the reaction CH3+NO2 = CH3O+NO. The presence of this second reaction is the means by which NO2 decreases ignition delay time, which is indicated in the experimental results. The reaction produces CH3O which is reactive and can participate in chain propagating reactions, speeding up ignition. The two dominant reactions for the N2O mixture are the reaction O+H2 = O+OH and, interestingly, the other dominant reaction is the reverse of the initiation reaction in the N2O-mechanism: O+N2+M = N2O+M. The reverse of this reaction is the direct oxidation of nitrous oxide. The O produced in this reaction can then speed up ignition by partaking in propagation reactions, which was experimentally observed.
Download or read book An Experimental Study Into the Ignition of Methane and Ethane Blends in a New Shock tube Facility written by Christopher Joseph Erik Aul and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new shock tube targeting low temperature, high pressure, and long test times was designed and installed at the Turbomachinery Laboratory in December of 2008. The single-pulse shock tube uses either lexan diaphragms or die-scored aluminum disks of up to 4 mm in thickness. The modular design of the tube allows for optimum operation over a large range of thermodynamic conditions from 1 to 100 atm and between 600-4000 K behind the reflected shock wave. The new facility allows for ignition delay time, chemical kinetics, high-temperature spectroscopy, vaporization, atomization, and solid particulate experiments. An example series of ignition delay time experiments was made on mixtures of CH4/C2H6/O2/Ar at pressures from 1 to 30.7 atm, intermediate temperatures from 1082 to 2248 K, varying dilutions (between 75 and 98% diluent), and equivalence ratios ranging from fuel lean (0.5) to fuel rich (2.0) in this new facility. The percentage by volume variation and equivalence ratios for the mixtures studied were chosen to cover a wide parameter space not previously well studied. Results are then used to validate and improve a detailed kinetics mechanism which models the oxidation and ignition of methane and other higher order hydrocarbons, through C4, with interest in further developing reactions important to methane- and ethane-related chemistry.
Download or read book An Experimental and Numerical Study on the Promoting Effect of Dimethyl Ether on the Ignition Delay Time of Methane written by Raquel Ruiz González and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and domination of energy is one of the goals the human mankind has always followed, but it has never had as much importance as it has nowadays. At present, more of 90 % of the total amount of energy support in the world is provided by combustion [Warnatz et al. (2006)]. Due to the pollution problems and restrictions this process has attached, the search of alternative fuels, i.e. those which can be classified as renewable, less contaminant or cheaper and that do not proceed from petroleoum, is the order of the day [Reyes Gonzalez et al.]. Not only alternative energy sources for producing electricity but also new fuel technologies for propulsion use are being deeply investigated. One of the most extended alternative fuel for mobility use is methane (CH4), the simplest alkane, due to the fact that is one of which emit less contaminant substances to the atmosphere, is abundant and economical [Zinner (2008)]. Its oxidation characteristics can be adjusted quite easily by means of adding trace amounts of other fuels [Spadaccini and Colket III (1994)]. One of the best suited additives for achieveing this is the dimethyl ether or DME (C2H6O), because is not only a good ignition enhancer for propulsion systems and internal combustion engines but also reduces the particulate and NOX emissions [Mittal et al. (2008a)]. Furthermore, its physical properties are similar to those of Liquified Petroleum Gases (LPG), so dimethyl ether can be stored and distributed using the already established LPG infrastructures [Mittal et al. (2008a)]. In this study an important feature of the fuels, the ignition-delay time, is widely investigated using methane in combination with dimethyl ether as the fuel mixture basis, with the aim of determine the differences regarding the variations in the composition and physical conditions of the mixture.
Download or read book Introduction to Hydrogen Technology written by K. S. V. Santhanam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the field of hydrogen technology and explains the basic chemistry underlying promising and innovative new technologies This new and completely updated edition of Introduction to Hydrogen Technology explains, at an introductory level, the scientific and technical aspects of hydrogen technology. It incorporates information on the latest developments and the current research in the field, including: new techniques for isolating and storing hydrogen, usage as a fuel for automobiles, residential power systems, mobile power systems, and space applications. Introduction to Hydrogen Technology, Second Edition features classroom-tested exercises and sample problems. It details new economical methods for isolating the pure hydrogen molecule. These less expensive methods help make hydrogen fuel a very viable alternative to petroleum-based energy. The book also adds a new chapter on hydrogen production and batteries. It also provides in-depth coverage of the many technical hurdles in hydrogen storage. The developments in fuel cells since the last edition has been updated. Offers new chapters on hydrogen production, storage, and batteries Features new sections on advanced hydrogen systems, new membranes, greenhouse gas sensors and updated technologies involving solar and wind energies Includes problems at the end of the Chapters, as well as solutions for adopters This book is an introduction to hydrogen technology for students who have taken at least one course in general chemistry and calculus; it will also be a resource book for scientists and researchers working in hydrogen-based technologies, as well as anyone interested in sustainable energy.
Download or read book An experimental investigation on the ignition delay of fuel droplets written by 王興華 and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Abstracts written by United States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Modes of Gaseous Combustion written by Nickolai M. Rubtsov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an analysis of contemporary problems in combustion science, namely flame propagation, detonation and heterophaseous combustion based on the works of the author. The current problems in the area of gas combustion, as well as the methods allowing to calculate and estimate limiting conditions of ignition, and flame propagation on the basis of experimental results are considered. The book focuses on the virtually inaccessible works of Russian authors and will be useful for experienced students and qualified scientists in the area of experimental studies of combustion processes.
Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of the Injection Process in a Direct injected Natural Gas Engine Using PLIF and CARS written by Paul Joseph Rubas and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock tube Investigation of Ignition Delay Times of Blends of Methane and Ethane with Oxygen written by Brian Christopher Walker and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combustion behavior of methane and ethane is important to the study of natural gas and other alternative fuels that are comprised primarily of these two basic hydrocarbons. Understanding the transition from methane-dominated ignition kinetics to ethane-dominated kinetics for increasing levels of ethane is also of fundamental interest toward the understanding of hydrocarbon chemical kinetics. Much research has been conducted on the two fuels individually, but experimental data of the combustion of blends of methane and ethane is limited to ratios that recreate typical natural gas compositions (up to ~20% ethane molar concentration). The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive data set of ignition delay times of the combustion of blends of methane and ethane at near atmospheric pressure.
Download or read book Theoretical and Numerical Combustion written by Thierry Poinsot and published by R.T. Edwards, Inc.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introducing numerical techniques for combustion, this textbook describes both laminar and turbulent flames, addresses the problem of flame-wall interaction, and presents a series of theoretical tools used to study the coupling phenomena between combustion and acoustics. The second edition incorporates recent advances in unsteady simulation methods,
Download or read book On the Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Lean Partially Premixed Combustion Burning Speed Flame Instability and Plasma Formation of Alternative Fuels at High Temperatures and Pressures written by Omid Askari and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates the combustion and injection fundamental characteristics of different alternative fuels both experimentally and theoretically. The subjects such as lean partially premixed combustion of methane/hydrogen/air/diluent, methane high pressure direct-injection, thermal plasma formation, thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbon/air mixtures at high temperatures, laminar flames and flame morphology of synthetic gas (syngas) and Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) fuels were extensively studied in this work. These subjects will be summarized in three following paragraphs. The fundamentals of spray and partially premixed combustion characteristics of directly injected methane in a constant volume combustion chamber have been experimentally studied. The injected fuel jet generates turbulence in the vessel and forms a turbulent heterogeneous fuel-air mixture in the vessel, similar to that in a Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Direct-Injection (DI) engines. The effect of different characteristics parameters such as spark delay time, stratification ratio, turbulence intensity, fuel injection pressure, chamber pressure, chamber temperature, Exhaust Gas recirculation (EGR) addition, hydrogen addition and equivalence ratio on flame propagation and emission concentrations were analyzed. As a part of this work and for the purpose of control and calibration of high pressure injector, spray development and characteristics including spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and overall equivalence ratio were evaluated under a wide range of fuel injection pressures of 30 to 90 atm and different chamber pressures of 1 to 5 atm. Thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbon/air plasma mixtures at ultra-high temperatures must be precisely calculated due to important influence on the flame kernel formation and propagation in combusting flows and spark discharge applications. A new algorithm based on the statistical thermodynamics was developed to calculate the ultra-high temperature plasma composition and thermodynamic properties. The method was applied to compute the thermodynamic properties of hydrogen/air and methane/air plasma mixtures for a wide range of temperatures (1,000-100,000 K), pressures (10−6-100 atm) and different equivalence ratios within flammability limit. In calculating the individual thermodynamic properties of the atomic species, the Debye-Huckel cutoff criterion has been used for terminating the series expression of the electronic partition function. A new differential-based multi-shell model was developed in conjunction with Schlieren photography to measure laminar burning speed and to study the flame instabilities for different alternative fuels such as syngas and GTL. Flame instabilities such as cracking and wrinkling were observed during flame propagation and discussed in terms of the hydrodynamic and thermo-diffusive effects. Laminar burning speeds were measured using pressure rise data during flame propagation and power law correlations were developed over a wide range of temperatures, pressures and equivalence ratios. As a part of this work, the effect of EGR addition and substitution of nitrogen with helium in air on flame morphology and laminar burning speed were extensively investigated. The effect of cell formation on flame surface area of syngas fuel in terms of a newly defined parameter called cellularity factor was also evaluated. In addition to that the experimental onset of auto-ignition and theoretical ignition delay times of premixed GTL/air mixture were determined at high pressures and low temperatures over a wide range of equivalence ratios.
