Download or read book An Evaluation of Biological Treatment for Explosives contaminated Soils written by Steven Douglas Harvey and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of the Feasibility of Biodegrading Explosives Contaminated Soils and Groundwater at the Newport Army Ammunition Plant written by C. D. Montemagno and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues written by Shree Nath Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-04 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial degradation, Phytoremediation, Remediation, Explosive residues, Biotransformation, Mineralization, Degradative Enzymes, Degradation Pathways, Energetics, Soil contamination, Water contamination.
Download or read book Remedial Processes for Contaminated Land written by Malcolm Pratt and published by IChemE. This book was released on 1993 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cleaning up land which has been contaminated by earlier industrial activity is a matter of major interest. Seven leading authorities in the UK, USA and Europe contribute chapters on the technology currently available, on costs and legislation and on likely future developments.
Download or read book Treatment of Contaminated Soil written by Rainer Stegmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newly developed and innovative methods are mentioned and outlined so that the book can be used as a source of information for scientists and professionals specialised in the treatment of soils as well as for students in courses of environmental studies. The book offers a short, compressed overview of the important features of this subject and can be used as a reference book of the state of the art. The appendix offers the interested reader a detailed survey of materials, test methods and apparatuses as well as a description of analytical directions and processes.
Download or read book Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Initial Characterization of a Highly Contaminated High Explosives Outfall in Preparation for in Situ Bioremediation written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ bioremediation is a viable, cost-effective treatment for environmental contamination of many kinds. The feasibility of using biological techniques to remediate soils contaminated with high explosives (HE) requires laboratory evaluation before proceeding to a larger scale field operation. Laboratory investigations have been conducted at pilot scale which indicate that an anaerobic process could be successful at reducing levels of HE, primarily HMX, RDX and TNT, in contaminated soils. A field demonstration project has been designed to create an anaerobic environment for the degradation of HE materials. The first step in this project, initial characterization of the test area, was conducted and is the subject of this report. The levels of HE compounds found in the samples from the test area were higher than the EPA Method 8330 was able to extract without subsequent re-precipitation; therefore, a new method was developed using a superior extractant system. The test area sampling design was relatively simple as one might expect in an initial characterization. A total of 60 samples were each removed to a depth of 4 inches using a 1 inch diameter corer. The samples were spaced at relatively even intervals across a 20 foot cross-section through the middle of four 7-foot-long adjacent plots which are designed to be a part of an in situ bioremediation experiment. Duplicate cores were taken from each location for HE extraction and analysis in order to demonstrate and measure the heterogeneity of the contamination. Each soil sample was air dried and ball-milled to provide a homogeneous solid for extraction and analysis. Several samples had large consolidated pieces of what appeared to be solid HE. These were not ball-milled due to safety concerns, but were dissolved and the solutions were analyzed. The new extraction method was superior in that results obtained for several of the contaminants were up to 20 times those obtained with the EPA extraction method. The results obtained from this study showed that the test area contamination is extremely heterogeneous, and that it contains extremely high levels of the three major contaminants, HMX, RDX and TNT. The potential for success of a bioremediation strategy is discussed.
Download or read book Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste written by Robert Noyes and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms. Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations. The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher. However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are: 1. Chemical weapons destruction 2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons 3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extraction This book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.
Download or read book Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils written by Eve Riser-Roberts and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines the results of current research with essential background material to provide complete, in-depth coverage of every aspect of in situ and ex situ bioremediation, as well as an extensive overview of the physical and chemical processes currently available for treating petroleum-contaminated soils. Critical information has been collected and assembled under one cover to provide a convenient reference for anyone who must contend with this worldwide problem. Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils: Biological, Physical, and Chemical Processes describes how to optimize the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil-water systems. It reports on the susceptibility of various petroleum components to biodegradation by microorganisms, and considers all groups of microorganisms for their potential contributions. The book also deals with problem areas such as the transport of organisms, oxygen, or nutrients throughout the subsurface, as well as biodegradation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). In addition, the book presents a variety of methods for monitoring bioremediation. This reference discusses current soil remediation processes and includes many innovative approaches. It also investigates means of controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and leachate, and addresses methods for collecting and treating these secondary waste streams. The expansive coverage of this book will furnish readers with a wide range of options for developing treatment strategies and for customizing procedures for specific requirements.
Download or read book Environmental Biotechnology for Waste Treatment written by Gary S. Sayler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of biotechnical processes in control of environmental pollution and in haz ardous waste treatment is viewed as an advantageous alternative or adduct to phys ical chemical treatment technologies. Yet, the development and implementation of both conventional and advanced biotechnologies in predictable and efficacious field applications suffer from numerous technical, regulatory, and societal uncertainties. With the application of modern molecular biology and genetic engineering, there is clear potential for biotechnical developments that will lead to breakthroughs in controlled and optimized hazardous waste treatment for in situ and unit process use. There is, however, great concern that the development of these technologies may be needlessly hindered in their applications and that the fundamental research base may not be able to sustain continued technology development. Some of these issues have been discussed in a fragmented fashion within the research and development community. A basic research agenda has been established to promote a sustainable cross-disciplinary technology base. This agenda includes developing new and improved strains for biodegradation, improving bioanalytical methods to measure strain and biodegradation performance, and providing an in tegrated environmental and reactor systems analysis approach for process control and optimization.
Download or read book Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives written by Jim C. Spain and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-14 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with practical applications and research, Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives presents an international perspective on environmental contamination from explosives. It covers biodegradation strategies for DNT and a wide variety of other nitroaromatic compounds of environmental significance and makes the information access
Download or read book A Treatability Study for the Biological Treatment of Oil Contaminated Soil written by Alan J. Kane and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Feasibility Analysis for Development of Low Cost Chemical Treatment Technology for Explosive Contaminated Soils written by M. C. Crim and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of seven theoretical chemical treatment process options, as potential methods of decontaminating explosives-contaminated soil at a variety of remediation sites, was undertaken by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for the U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency (USATHAMA). The chemical treatment process options evaluated included: Caustic hydrolysis/ Peroxide Oxidation (evaluated in two plant-scale sizes: (1) skid mounted portable, and (2) transportable after disassembly). Shock Plasma. Microwave/ Hydrolysis/Oxidation. Microwave/Sonic/Hydrolysis/Oxidation. Nitric Acid/Heat. Supercritical Fluids. Keywords: Explosive contaminated soil; Chemical treatment; Chemical oxidation; Supercritical; Site remediation; Economic evaluation; Capital cost; Operating cost.
Download or read book Field Demonstration of a Surfactant Enhanced Soil Slurry Bioreactor Technology for the Remediation of Explosives Contaminated Soil written by Mark L. Hampton and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological treatment of explosives- contaminated soil is currently of interest to the U.S. Department of Defense. Composting is a fully implemented technology capable of removing explosives from soil cost-effectively. The biological and chemical reactions occurring during composting remove 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), octahydro- 1,3,5,7-tetranitro- 1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and hexahydro- l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine (RDX), leaving no intermediates. Over the past several years, various groups have examined the use of soil slurry reactors to degrade explosives in soil. Several years of laboratory study have culminated in a pilot demonstration at the Joliet Army Ammunition Plant (JAAP), Joliet, Illinois. Laboratory and field studies (Manning et al., 1995) have demonstrated that TNT, HMX, and RDX can be biologically degraded with molasses as a cosubstrate. Waterways Experiment Station has conducted experiments examining the impact of surfactants on enhancing the degradation of explosives in a slurry reactor. These studies have been encouraging in batch reactor situations. The laboratory studies examined many different surfactants and determined that polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) is the most cost-effective. In addition, Tween 80 can be purchased commercially as a food-grade compound, eliminating regulatory concerns. The laboratory studies also investigated the different concentrations of surfactant in the reactor. The operating conditions were periods of aerobic conditions (with measurable dissolved oxygen), followed by periods of anoxic conditions (with no measurable dissolved oxygen but significant concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and sulfate). The laboratory studies led to the development of a pilot-scale system to investigate the performance of soil slurry reactors with surfactant enhancement under field conditions. The pilot study at JAAP ran for almost six months. (This was an extension of a previous pilot study conducted at JAAP.) For this work.
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of the Biological Treatment of MGP Soils in a Liquid solids Slurry Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovative Physicochemical Treatment of Explosives Contaminated Soil written by Brian M. Sherman and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of a Bioremediation Treatment for Broadcasted Pesticide Contaminated Soils written by Mary Margaret Roy and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
